Grammar and Usage

1、grammar and usageoverview of tenses 1present tenses1st period i have been to the moon lake. it is in the west of china. i went there last august. if you go there, the moon lake will find you happy and excited. however, the moon lake is becoming smaller and smaller. im sure the government will take m

2、easures to protect it. in fact, many people have been working on it.ii. 现在时态基本形式时态主动一般现在时 am/is/are; do/does现在进行时 be (am/is/are) doing现在完成时have/has done现在完成进行时have/has been doingii. 现在时态基本形式时态被动一般现在时 am/is/are done现在进行时 am/is/are being done现在完成时have/has been done现在完成进行时/further study: smith passes t

3、o darvency, davency to barnes, barnes to lucas-and harriet interceptsharriet to simons, nice ball-and smith shoots. first i put some butter into a frying pan and light the gas; then, while the butter is melting, i break three eggs into the bowl, like this.（演示说明）（演示说明）（运动解说）（运动解说） in the film gold ru

4、sh, chaplin and his friends are trapped in the snowstorm. he enjoys every mouthful of the leather shoe as if it is the most delicious meal he has ever had. -how do i get to the station? -you go straight to the traffic lights, then turn right.（剧情介绍）（剧情介绍）（用来指引道路）（用来指引道路） make sure everyone is given a

5、 chance to sing on the stage. bank robbery: robbers take $ 100,000.某些特定结构中，一般现在时表示将来某些特定结构中，一般现在时表示将来发生的动作；发生的动作；在报纸标题中，用一般现在时表示在报纸标题中，用一般现在时表示过去发生的动作。过去发生的动作。focus on: the exhibition _on may 1st and _ at the end of june. (open; close) the plane _at 11:30 and _ in shanghai at 1:20.(take off; arrive)

6、 _there a film on tonight? (be)在口语中，一般现在时常可表示按规在口语中，一般现在时常可表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的事定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的事情，常有一个表示未来的时间状语。情，常有一个表示未来的时间状语。opensclosestakes offarrivesis ill give her the notebook_. tell me_. he will keep the work _ _.在时间状语从句中、条件状语从句中、在时间状语从句中、条件状语从句中、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或状态。将来

7、发生的动作或状态。当她来时当她来时when she comes万一你有麻烦万一你有麻烦in case you get into difficulty不管发生什么不管发生什么 no matter what happens she is out of danger now. how are you today? they are busy at the moment. they normally get up at six. generally he watches tv for two hours in the evening. they pay me weekly.常常和一般现常常和一般现在时

8、一道用的在时一道用的副词和状语副词和状语translation: 我叔叔从不来看我们。我叔叔从不来看我们。 my uncle never visits us. 这儿很少下雪。这儿很少下雪。 it seldom snows here. 你老师给你们测验吗？你老师给你们测验吗？ does the teacher ever give you tests?the present continuous tense: the audience is laughing at the joke. i dont understand why i am not losing weight.to talk abou

9、t actions that are happeningor in progress now. the comedy club is giving a lecture about stand-up next month. they are going to the academy awards show in february.to talk about actions that are being planned , but will happen in the future. you are always making the same mistakes! sue is always ch

10、anging her mind.to talk about actions that happen repeatedly, used with always, usually with a negative connotation(涵义).further study: she is always doing fine work at school. jane is always thinking of her work.to talk about actions that happen repeatedly, used with always, with apositive connotati

11、on(涵义).mistake-correcting (where necessary): what are you thinking about? what are you thinking of the film? what are you looking for? youre looking quite well. which judge is hearing the case? she doesnt hear very well. we are having a discussion. are you have any questions?do you think look do fil

12、l in the blanks: people _on the beach. the city _on the coast. he _ on a rock. his statue _ in the city square. my father _the parts together. the dress _ my mother perfectly. the wine _ good. i _ the wine.lie; stand; fit; tasteare lyingliesis standingstandsis fittingfitstastesam tasting using the p

13、resent tense/ the present continuous tense:the present perfect tense: he has hosted the show eight times. billy crystal has been in many films and television shows. he has been in the army for 3 years. tom has been married to jane for 3 years.focus on:have gone / have been tonny _abroad to continue

14、his studies. his girl friend _abroad many times to see him.has gonehas beenfocus on:since /when/if we _in england since i was a child.it _ just a week since i met him.ill write to him when i _the book.if she _to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.have livedishave finishedhasnt gonelive

15、befinishnot gofocus on: it /that is the first /secondtime she has driven a car. it/this is one of the best film that i have ever seen. its the first gold medal ive had for ages. already ever for just lately never recently since yet how long和现在完成时和现在完成时一道用的时间一道用的时间状语状语remember:the present perfect con

16、tinuous tense: doctors have been researching that question. the curtains finally open-the audience have been waiting an hour for the show to start.to talk about actions that started in the past, have lasted up to now and will probably continue to happen.further study: jim has been phoning jenny ever

17、y night for the past week. they have been meeting together weekly for two years.在持续的一段时间内动作多次重复在持续的一段时间内动作多次重复further study: why are your clothes so dirty? what have you been doing? there you are! ive been waiting for an hour. she is very tired. she has been working all morning.动作和现在的状况有联系动作和现在的状况有联

18、系further study: how long has she been reading the book? he has been watching english all day.常与long/how long/all连用practice: 谁在喝我的酒？谁在喝我的酒？ 谁喝了我的酒？谁喝了我的酒？who has been drinking my wine?who has drunk my wine?practice: 不累啊？你已跳了三个小时啦！不累啊？你已跳了三个小时啦！arent you tired？ you have been jumping for three hours.practice: i _(认识)him for m