初中英语语法-非谓语动词

1、非谓语动词一.定义：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，即动词的非谓语形式。约占中考10%。二.分类：动词不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词。 1. 动词不定式1)构成：(not) to do / (not) do2)句法功能：（1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to fi

2、nish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 常用句式： It+be+名词+to do sth.It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.It+be+形容词+of /forsb +to do sth.常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。

3、区别：当使用for时，句中形容词修饰的是不定式；Its necessary for you to study hard .（necessary 修饰 to study hard，表示学习努力是有必要的） 而用of时，句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。 Its foolish of him to do it .（foolish 修饰逻辑主语him）（2）作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。 seem作连系动词，其后的to be 不定式可省。 She seems to be ill today.= She seems ill.= It seems tha

4、t she is ill.（3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, I hope to get good grades. I want to help you.注意：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。I found it difficult to learn math well.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语。I have no c

5、hoice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里，别无选择。 He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用。He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。 （4）作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allo

6、w, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. （5）作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。 He found a good house to live in.（6）作状语： 表目的： He worked day and night to get the mo

7、ney. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。 表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果 意料之外)，常位于句尾。He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了，只见火车已经走了。 I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他，只见他出去了。 表原因：hey were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。 表程度： It's too dark fo

8、r us to see anything. 太暗了，我们什么也看不见。 表条件：不定式表条件常位于句首。 To be heated，liquid will change into gas.如果受热，液体就会变成气体。 表方式:不定式可接在as if / as though之后He moved his mouth as if to say something. 他嘴唇动了动，好像要说什么事。 （7）不定式做独立成分To tell you the truth, I dont like it. 告诉你实话，我不喜欢它。（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。 If you don't wa

9、nt to do it, you don't need to. 如果你不想做这件事，你就不必做。 （9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。 He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生。2.v-ing形式 1）分类：v-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词， 2）句法功能：（1）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 （2）作表语： In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产

10、卵。（3）作宾语： They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认）， deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't he

11、lp（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from）,protectfrom, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, pay attention to, insist on, （4）作定语： Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？ 3.过去分词 1）构成：-ed 2）句法功能：（1）做定语Our class went on an organized trip la

12、st Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。（2）做宾语补足语 I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。（3）做表语 They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意：1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事

13、3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做） remember doing记得做过某事(已做)4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5）try to do尽全力，努力做某事 try doing尝试做某事6) mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味着7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）8）propose to do 打算（要做某事） proposing doing建议（做某事）9) learn to do 学着去做某事 learn doing 学会

14、做某事 10) cant help to do不能帮助做某事 cant help doing 情不自禁做某事 11) used to do 过去做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事12）e /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念（注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。 I should like to see him tomorrow 13）need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；The room needs cleaning.+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清

15、理等)”意思。 2.常考句式： 1）see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. doing sth. 强调动作正在进行 see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. to do sth. 强调动作发生的事实 2) keep sb. doing sth. 让某人做某事 3）finish doing sth. 做完某事 4）spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事 5）have difficulty/trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难 6）how/what about doing sth? 做某事怎么样

16、？（提建议）【模拟题】一根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Is it necessary _(learn) a foreign language? 2. He is good at _(swim).3. Do you have anything _(say) for yourself?4. Its spring now. its time _(plant) trees.5. Dont keep me _(wait) for a long time.6. The policeman told the boys not _(play) in the street.7. Her son is

17、 too young _(dress) himself. 8. Lets _(have) a rest, shall we?9. The speaker spoke too quickly for us _(understand).10. The little boy is not old enough_(read).11. I asked him _(show) me his new pen.12. Knives are used for _(cut) things.13. I really dont know what _(do) next.14. I often hear people

18、_(say) “_(see) is_(believe)”.15. Youd better _(try) this medicine.16. They said they had nothing _(worry) about.17. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days?18. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy at that time.19. _(tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him.20. Stop _(talk) a

19、nd listen to me carefully.21. Thank you very much for _(help) us.22. Granny is very ill and she doesnt feel like _(eat) anything.23. Would you like _(climb) the mountain with me?24. The girl enjoys _(listen) to light music.25.We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story.26. What about _(g

20、o) out for a walk?II选择填空。1. Would you please _ the door for me?A. holding B. not to hold C. hold D held2. Seeing an old man getting off the train, she hurried over _ things for him.A. carrying B. to carry C. carried D. for carrying3. Wed really like you _ to the party tonight.A.come B. to come C. wi

21、ll come D. should come4. We can do nothing but _ the experiment.A.to repeat B repeat C. repeating D. repeated5. Have you got any thing _ about this matter?A. saying B. to say C said D. say6. He was not _ try it again.A. such a fool as to B. so a fool as to C. a fool such as to D. a fool so as to7. H

22、e was too excited _.A. to go to sleeping B. to slept C. to go to sleep D. going to sleep8. We cant have him _ like that all day.A.to work B. working C. to be worked D. work9.She were often heard _ this song when she was happy. A. sang B singing C. sung D. to be singing10.The train was seen _ at a ve

23、ry high speed toward the industrial center.A.travel B. travels C. traveled D. traveling11.Well soon have a person _ with us. A. to work B. working C. worked D works12._ has not been decided yet.ATo start when B. Why to start C. When to start D. Start to where13. Do you think it difficult _? A. for m

24、e to do so B. for my to do so C. for I to do so D. for me doing so14. She keeps telling us _. A. what to do B. doing what C. what is doing D. do what15. _ is not known. A. Whom to begin the running test B. When to begin the running test C. When the running test begin D. How begin to the running test

25、16. _ the job alone is impossible.A.To him to do B. For him doing C For him to do D. For he to do 17. _ it should be made clear. A What to do B. Why to do C Whom to do D When can do18.Our house needs _ before the rainy season arrives. A. to repair B. to be repair C. repaired D. repairing19.I havent

26、decided which hotel _. A. to stay B. is to stay at C. to stay at D. is for staying20.I was almost asleep when I heard someone _ at the door. A. knock B to knock C. knocked D. being knocked21.I often spent much money _ books. A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D for buying22.If you practice _ English w

27、henever you can, you will soon speak well. A. talking B. going speak C speaking D to speak23.We are tired of _ the same problem all the time. A discussing B. to discuss C. discussing for D. discuss24.She usually forgets _ the door, but she remembered _ it yesterday.Ato shutto shut B. shuttingshuttin

28、g C. to shutshutting D. shuttingto shut25.I _ a bus to school when it was raining.Aam used to take B. used to taking C. use to take D was used to taking26. Im thirsty. Will you get me something _? A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating27. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill. A. to have B. of havi

29、ng C. have D. had28. Lily, keep the window _. The sandstorm hasnt stopped yet. A. close B. closed C. open D. opened29. A policeman saw two thieves _ a girls mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen30. Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a lo

30、ng time. A. plays B. to play C. play D. played31. They were made _ fourteen hours a day. A. work B. working C. worked D. to work32. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them? A. making B. make C. to make D. made33. He stood there for two hours _ the game. A. watched B. watching C. is watching

31、D. was watching34. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday. A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out35. When you leave, dont forget _ off the light. A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned36. Who do you think youd like _? A. to make fri

32、ends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with37. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often. A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat38. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday? -This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday. A. to do B. done

33、C. do D. to be done39. Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning. A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with40. -Excuse me, sir. Look at the sign on the wall “NO _”. -Oh, Im sorry. Ill never do it again. A. PARKED B. SMOKE C. SPITTING D. SMOKED41. -Boys and girls, will you please _ the park

34、this afternoon? -OK. A. not cleaning out B. not to clean out C. to clean up D. clean up42. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from _ the earth away. A. blow B. blowing C. blew D. to blow43. How about _? A. to go out for a walk B. go swimming in the river C. visiting the sick children in the hos

35、pital D. to having lunch in the restaurant44. Its very kind _ you to _ me _ the heavy bag. A. for; tell; to take B. of; thank; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry45. Have you decided _? A. to go with whom B. whom to go with C. whom go with D. with whom to go46. Her hope _ a gold medal in th

36、e 2008 Olympic Games. A. to win B. is to win C. winning D. will win47. The meeting room is big enough _ one hundred people. A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds48. Would you please pass me the knife _? A. to cut the watermelon with B. to cut the watermelon C. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the

37、watermelon with49. It is better to teach a man to fish than _ him fish. A. giving B. to give C. gives D. gave50. Jenny is interested in _ in her free time. A. listened to the radio B. reading magazines C. watch TV D. plays tennis51. The policeman warned the young man_ after drinking. A. never to dri

38、ve B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive52. What do you think is the best way _the wild animals? A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. protect53. Id rather _ on the land _ in a factory. A. work; than work B. work; work C. to work; than to work D. to work; to work54. They are lookin

39、g forward to _ all over the world. A. travel B. traveled C. traveling D. be traveled55. Would you mind _ because therere so many children _ here? A. smoke; play B. smoking; playing C. not smoking; play D. not smoking; playing56. _ English is much easier than speaking it. A. Read B. To read C. Readin

40、g D. Reads57. When he was in the office, he preferred _ something _ nothing. A. to do; than do B. to do; rather than C. doing; rather than doing D. doing; to doing58. Its too hot today. Why not _ your coat? A. taken off B. to take off C. take off D. taking off59. I find _ him all about it. A. necess

41、ary to tell B. that necessary to C. necessary it to tell D. it necessary to tell60. Youd better not spend more time _ computer games.        A. for playing            B. in playing C. to play   &

42、#160;            D. plays61. The boy was made _ there for an hour by his father.        A. standing        B. stand       C. to stand  

43、     D. stands62. I must have my TV set _. Something is wrong with it.        A. to repair        B. repairs    C. repaired      D. repairing63. Would you

44、please pass me the knife _?        A. to cut the fruit with        B. to cut the fruit   C. cutting the fruit D. cutting the fruit with64. It is better to teach a man fishing than _ him fish.    

45、    A. giving       B. to give        C. gives        D. give65. My sister is interested in _ in her free time.      A. watch TV              B. reading books C. listening music  &