语法专题四：时态

1、 语法专题四：时态1. 现在时(Present tenses)时态结构与用法一般现在时结构：do/does/be(am/is/are)用法：1. 表示现在的习惯动作、状态。 2. 表示客观规律、真理；特征、性格等。 3. 用于标题，小说、剧本、图片等中的情节介绍。 4. 用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表将来。 5. 表示按计划、规定的时间发生的动作，如时刻表等。现在进行时结构：be(am/is/are) doing; 或 be + adv. / prep. (如：in, on, under等)用法：1. 表示现在、现阶段正在发生、进行的动作。 2. 常与go, leave, come, arri

2、ve, stay, move等连用，表示将来的动作。 3. 与always, forever等连用，表示动作的反复，含厌倦或赞赏的意思。注意：1. 表示感觉、心理、结果性的动词一般不用于进行时。 2. 常见表进行的副词、介短：in progress in operation on show现在完成时结构：have/has done用法：1. 过去发生且结束，但对现在造成影响。2. 过去发生且持续到现在。3. 在以下两个句型中，其从句要求用现在完成时： It (This) is the first (last, second, third,) time that It (This) is the

3、 best (worst, most interesting,) + n. + that完成进行时结构：have/has been doing用法：过去发生，目前还在进行，且可能持续下去，强调动作的延续性。巩固练习：1. Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken2. Because farmland _quickly, the government is considering solving the problem. A.

4、is being lost B. is lost C. is losing D. loses3. John and I _ friends for 8 years. We first got to know each other at a party. But we_ each other a couple of times before that. A. had been; have been B. have been; have been C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen4. Dad will come to see me when

5、I _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish5. -Did he notice you enter the room? -I dont think so. He _ to the radio with his eyes shut. A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened6. We _ our new neighbors yet, so we dont know their names

6、. A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D. hadnt met7. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. be repaired8. -_ leave at the end of the month. -I dont think you should do that until _ another job. A. Im going to; youd

7、found B. Im going to; youve found C. Ill; youll find D. Ill; youd find9. I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _ on it for an hour. A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked10. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the f

8、rozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going11. I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived12. This machine _. It hasnt worked for years. A. didnt work B. wasn

9、t working C. doesnt work D. isnt working13. My friend, who _ on the IOC all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served14. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026_ off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken15. -I dont suppose the polic

10、e know who did it. -Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned 16. So far it is the best crosstalk I _. A. heard B. have heard C. will hear D. had heard17. -I will come to attend your lecture at 10:

11、00 tomorrow. -Im sorry, but by then my lecture will have ended and I _ my guests in my office. A. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have met18. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted19.

12、With the development of science, more new technology _ to the field of IT.A. has introduced B. is being introduced C. is introduced D. was introduced20. The two friends _ on line for three hours, and they will go on. A. had been chatting B. had chatted C. were chatting D. have been chatting21. -Lets

13、 see if the baseball game has started yet. -Started? It must be clear who _ by now. A. is winning B. wins C. has won D. would win22. -Whats the matter, Jane? You look sad. -Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _ of my friends back home. A. was just thinking B. just thought C. have just been thin

14、king D. have just thought23. He will have learned English for 8 years by the time he _ from university. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate24. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time that someone _ me that evening. A. to have interrupted B. would have

15、 interrupted C. had interrupted D. to interrupt25. - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I here. A. was B. am going C. came D. have been2. 过去时(Past tenses)时态结构与用法一般过去时结构：did/be(was/were)用法：1. 表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与yesterday, last night, a moment ago, the next day等过去的具体时间状语连用。 2. 表示过去

16、习惯性动作，可用used to / would + do结构。 3. 用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表示过去的将来。 4. 用于虚拟语气中：1）用于if条件从句中，表示对现在、将来的虚拟；2）在wish / as if / if only / would rather / It is time等+从句中，表示对现在或将来的虚拟。 5. 表示刚才或过去不知，现在或说话时已知过去进行时结构：be(was/were) + doing用法：1 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作。 2 表示按计划过去将要发生的动作。过去完成时结构：had + done 总概念：过去的过去。用法：1. 用于主从复合句中

17、：两个动作皆发生在过去，前一个动作用过去完成时。 2. 用于时间状语为“by + 过去时间”的句子中。 3. 表示一种未实现的愿望和想法。 4. 用于“hardly/scarcelywhen; no soonerthan”的主句中。 5. 用于虚拟语气中：表示与过去的事实相反。巩固练习：1. Thousands of people took part in the work when the dam _. A. was built B. built C. was being built D. would be built2. Mr. James _ a city bus for 20 year

18、s. Now he has retired. A. was driving B. drove C. has driven D. had driven3. We _ that you would be able to visit us, but you didnt. A. expected B. expect C. had expected D. were expecting4. Rose _ a book about China last month, but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C.

19、 had written D. was writing5. Joan could be a very attractive girl, but she _ no attention to her clothes. A. pays B. paid C. was paying D. had paid6. They should have finished the job before noon, but they _. A. dont B. didnt C. wont D. havent7. Wouldnt it be better if we _ a car? A. bought B. have

20、 bought C. buy D. could buy8. -Your phone number again, please. I _ quite catch it. -Its 9586440. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant9. When I was at college, I _ 3 foreign languages, but I all except a few words for each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten

21、 D. had spoken; have forgotten10. -We could have walked to the station. It was so near. -Yes. A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. isnt 11. The pen I _ I _ is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost12.

22、 -What do you think of my suggestion? -I am sorry. I _ about something else. A. thought B. was thinking C. am thinking D. had thought13. I arrived late. I _ the road to be so crowded. A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. didnt expected14. When Mary dropped in, I _ for a while an

23、d _ some reading. A. was playing; was going to do B. played; did C. had played; was going to do D. had played; did15. -I am sure you met Alice at the party last week. -I dont remember her. What _ she _? A. was; wearing B. had; worn C. did; wear D. would; wear16. -Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a fa

24、vor? -Of course. What is it? -I _ if you could tell me how to fill out the form. A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder17. John spent $3,000 more than he _ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned18. I _ along the street looking for a place to

25、 park when the accident _. A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred19. The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels20. They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been ab

26、le to afford to go.A. had got B. got C. have got D. get21. -If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock. -What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. A. is B. was C. would be D. has been22. Before the first non-stop flight in 1949, it _ necessary for all planes to land for refuel

27、. A. would be B. have been C. had been D. would have been23. - I will come back tomorrow. - If only you _ yesterday.A. have comeB. had come C. came D. would come24. The crazy fans _ for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. wo

28、uld wait25. No sooner _ themselves in their seats in the theatre _ the curtain went up.A. they have settled; before B. had they settled; thanC. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than26. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which the Pacific, and we met no storms.

29、A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called3. 将来时(Future tenses)时态结构和用法一般将来时总结构：will/shall （用于第一人称）+ do用法：表示将来的动作或状态。will: 1. 表示純将来或临时的决定。2. 表示意志、意愿。3. 还可表现在的习惯性动作。be going to: 1. 表示现在对将来的计划、打算。 2. 表示现在对将来的推测。be doing: 进行时表示就近将来要发生的事。be to do: 表示对将来的计划、安排。be about to: 表示即将发生的动作，

30、句中不用表示未来的时间状语。 （但当be 为was / were时，则常与when状从连用）过去将来时总结构：would + do 用法：参考现在将来时注意：was / were + to do: 除表示曾经的计划、打算外，还可表示“后来结果，注定”的含义。将来进行时结构：will / shall be doing用法：将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行或持续的动作。将来完成时结构：will / shall have done用法：表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。常与“by+将来时间”连用。巩固练习：1. I dont know if he _. If he _, Ill let you kn

31、ow.A. will come; comes B. comes; will comeC. comes; comes D. will come; will come2. She _ law the moment she has finished mid-school. A. is to study B. is about to study C. will be studying D. will have studied 3. Ill return the book to the library as soon as I _ it. A. finished B. am going to finis

32、h C. will finish D. have finished4. In such dry weather, the plants will have to be watered if they _. A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive5. By the time you get to the airport, she _ for New Zealand. A. would be leaving B. has left C. is leaving D. will have left6. It

33、 _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. A. wont be; will know B. is; will know C. wont be; know D. is; know7. -Did you tell Julia about the result? -Oh, no, I _ _. I _ call her now. A. forget; will B. forgot; will C. forget; am to D. forgot; am to8. We had to be patient because it _ some t

34、ime before we got the full result. A. would be B. was C. has been D. had been9. If I call again in an hour, do you think your boss _?A. had arrived B. has arrived C. will have arrived D. will be arriving10. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. A. will B. is to C. is going to D. s

35、hould11. By this time next year he _ from this college.A. will be graduating B. should be graduatingC. will have graduated D. is graduating 12. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have

36、 toC. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to13. By the time he retires, Professor Li _ for almost 40 years.A. will teach B. has taught C. will have taught D. will be teaching14. His letter said, “I _ on the 7th of October”.A. was arriving B. would arrive C. will be arriving D. am arriving

37、15. Look at the clouds. _.A. Itll rain B. Its going to rain C. Itll be raining D. It is to rain16. -The visitor invited has just arrived, sir.-Really? I didnt think he _ until next week.A. is coming B. was coming C. has come D. had come17. All but one _ take part in the conference _ tomorrow.A. is going to；which is to hold B. are going to；which is about to be heldC. is going to；which is to be heldD. are going to；which is to be held18. The old couple _ take a walk around after supper. A. will B. should C. coul