基于GIS环境下物流配送中心选址研究外文翻译

1、基于GIS环境下物流配送中心选址研究外文翻译 外文翻译原文Study on Logistics Distribution Center Location Based on GIS EnvironmentMaterial Source: School of Traffic and Transport Beijing Jiao'Tong University Author: LIANG Yanping,ZHANG Xingpiang,SUN Qi Abstract-Logistics distribution center location is a complicated spatial

2、 analysis and spatial decision-making issue, and it also is a hot research topic in logistics system. According to influence factors of logistics distribution center location, the analysis process is divided into qualitative selection of candidate regions and quantitative calculation based on GIS en

3、vironment. Then the main database tables are designed to meet model calculating needs. The analysis process and steps are also expounded detailed in the article. It is proved that GIS technology can make up lacks of traditional mathematics models, and it is operable and practical by applying GIS to

4、logistics distribution center location. Keywords-GIS; Logistics distribution center location; Influence factors; Spatial decision-making; qualitative and quantitative locationI .INTRODUCTION Logistics distribution center is a bridge between supplying and demand in logistics network, and it plays a c

5、rucial role in logistics system. A distribution center is located suitably or not will directly effect on the efficiency and serving quality of the whole system. Many scholars have discussed the modeling issue of logistics distribution center location from different points of view, and the models ma

6、inly are those, such as algorithms of mathematics programming, multi-rule decision-making, heuristic algorithm and simulation and so on. And most of those have been validated by instances. The objective functions of those models usually are to make transportation expense and fixed investment less in

7、 location selection. The distances among road network nodes are usually presumed to be linear distance when calculating transportation expense in the models. Sometimes, even if the linear distance is transferred into mileage of highroad, railway or other traffic and transportation network by introdu

8、cing a scale factor in the models, a larger error is always existed when comparing with the factual distance. In fact, distribution center location is a complicated decision-making process, and an optimal location of the distribution center is often decided synthetically by many factors.The candidat

9、e regions of distribution center are always assumed to be existed already or be disposed simply in traditional models, which are always not agreed with facts Influence factors of logistics distribution center location are discussed firstly, and then the function and significance of GIS technology ar

10、e analyzed in this article.Further, the location process of logistics distribution center is divided into two steps: the one is to select some candidate regions by qualitative analysis using many spatial analysis methods on GIS environment, and the other is to extract an optimal region from the cand

11、idate regionsuantitatively by mathematics model. The analysis process and steps are expounded detailed, and the database tables are also designed to meet the needs of quantitative analysis. It's proved that GIS technology can make up lacks of traditional mathematics models, and it's operable

12、 and practical by applying GIS to logistics distribution center locationII ANALYSIS ON INFLUENCE FACTORS OF LOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION CENTER LOCATION The common location models are always divided into four stages: data preparing, influence factors analysis, comprehensive influence estimating and locati

13、on selection analysis, and analysis of influence factors is a key step among the four stages in location model. Inputting least comprehensive expense investment or getting largest comprehensive economy benefit is the target of locating an optimal distribution center, so the influence factors which a

14、re closely associating with expenses are mainly taken into account. The expenses mainly include two parts: building expenses and distribution expensesor running expenses. Except for the influence factor of nature environment, the multi-influence factors of economy and policy also should be taken int

15、o account comprehensively when locating an optimal logistics distribution center, so it's different from a common location model AInfluence Factors Associating with Building Expenses Building expenses of logistics distribution center location are influenced greatly by factors of nature environme

16、nt. Factors of geological condition, hydrological condition and climate should be taken into account comprehensively, such as keeping land have enough carrying capacity, avoiding from bad geologic conditions of coast, gully and earthquake and so on, locating a higher altitude region if possible, and

17、 keeping goods dryness from floodwater.In urban collectivity planning, a map of urban land evaluation is usually drawn according to influences of different natural conditions.And this map can be used as an important reference when locating a logistics distribution center In addition, the factor of p

18、olicy also will be taken into account when locating, such as enterprise preferential prices, urban planningLand development and consolidation,road building, and regional industry policies and so on B. Affecting Factors Associating with Logistics DistributionExpense Distribution expenses will be calc

19、ulated in three stages: the first is the transportation expenses from supplying points to logistics distribution centers, and the second is the depositing and handling expenses in logistics distribution centers and the last is the transportation expenses from logistics distribution center to all cli

20、ent networks. The expenses in first and third stage are associating with an optimal location closely. So the main factors really depend on spatial distribution of resource points, spatial distribution of client networks, and status and condition of road traffic networksIII.FUNCTIONS OF GIS TECHNOLOG

21、Y IN LOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION CENTER LOCATION Most of the problems in logistics system are spatial analysis and spatial decision-making issues, such as overall arrangement of logistics distribution centers, optimal path of distributing and so on. Geographic information system i. e. GIS is a computer s

22、ystem which can input, deposit, edit, query, analyze and display geo-spatial data and attribute information.GIS is also a high technology which integrates geography, geometry, computer science and all kinds of application objects together. GIS technology has a stronger power to integrate data from d

23、ifferent sources together and analyzing spatial data powerfully, so it's plays a significant role in the field of spatial decision-making Functions of GIS technology in logistics distribution center location can be described as followings: As an information platform, GIS is used to integrate all

24、 kinds of information and factors together in decision-making Road network stored in GIS has a topology relationship which describes current roads factually, and the topological network can be used to calculate the true transportation distance accurately, and such errors caused by supposition of lin

25、ear distance in traditional mathematics model can be avoided. GIS provides with many spatial analysis methods, such as spatial network analysis, spatial buffer analysis, spatial overly analysis and so on. All those methods can be chose to solve different problems. For example, buffer analysis and ov

26、erly analysis can be used to select candidate regions primarily, and spatial network analysis can be used to select an optimal path in distribution route planning, which can make transportation expenses lower GIS expresses objects abundantly and visibly, and it can make the process of locating and a

27、nalysis result visible by using thematic map and visualization technology. Most of GIS software provide with secondary developing function. Traditional mathematics models can be modularized into GIS environment, and GIS platform offers data supporting,graphical interfaces and human-computer interact

28、ion interface when calculating quantitativelyIV.PROCESS OF LOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION CENTER LOCATION BASED ON GIS ENVIRONMENT In GIS environment, the process of locating a logistics distribution center can be divided into two stages:the one is to select candidate regions qualitatively, and the other is

29、 to extract an optimal region from candidate regions quantitatively. The quantitative analysis model in this article adopts the decision-making model of Multi-distribution-center and Multi-variety-goods as a reference, which is described in reference. And the main database tables are also designed t

30、o meet model calculating in the first stages when preparing and handling data A Selecting Candidate Regions Qualitatively In first stage of selecting candidate regions qualitatively, the analysis steps are described as followings: 1 Collect information and build database All kinds of maps, spatial d

31、ata and information associating with location closely should be collected and disposed on GIS platform, such as the map of urban road network,map of urban land assessing, map of urban land use, map of urban land-value, map of resource network distribution, map of client network distribution and so o

32、n. All those spatial data and their attribution information are stored and managed in object-relation spatial database integratively 2 Output ofcandidate regions ofdistribution center aFirstly, apply spatial overlay analysis in GIS to overlay the layers of urban land assessing and urban land use, th

33、en get some candidate regions primarily which meet the needs of nature environments, and intersection arithmetic is adopted in the analysis process bSecondly, the results of step aare used to overlay thelayer of urban land-value, and certain candidate regions with lower building expenses will be obt

34、ained, and intersection arithmetic is adopted at the same time when overlaying. cThirdly, make a certainty width buffer to main roads in the layer of urban road network, then the buffer areas are used to overlay the results of step bwith intersection arithmetic. And then such areas are come into bei

35、ng with lower building expense and closer distance to urban trunks, and those areas are also meeting the needs of nature environments at the same time. dAt last,the result layer of analysis will be outputted by functions of query,measure and drawing of GIS technology. The result layer is just the da

36、ta of candidate regions to be used in next quantitative analysis B. Locating Distribution Center with Quantitative Analysis Decision-making model of location in this article adopts the model of Multi-distribution-center and Multi-variety-goods as a reference described in reference, and modeling and

37、design are finished in GIS environment Most of GIS software provide with secondary development, so the integration in GIS environment can be realized by programming.Data needed by model can be obtained directly from attribute tables stored in GIS spatial database, and the spatial coordinates of supp

38、lying points, client points and road traffic networks can also be got from the database. When calculating transportation distances from supplying points to distribution centers, or distances from distribution centers to client points, the actual distance can be got in GIS environment,which is often

39、assumed in traditional models if without GIS supporting.The method of tour-problem analysis in GIS will contributed to select an optimal distribution route. The spatial data and precise coordinates make the selecting process more feasible and practical. The methods and process of applying GIS to log

40、istics distribution center location are mainly expounded, and it's proved that GIS technology can make up lacks of traditional mathematics models. In the whole process, collection and disposal of all kinds of spatial data and model's secondary development in GIS environment are key issues wh

41、en applying GIS to logistics distribution center location. And next, more works should be done to integrate more planning models in GIS environment, and designing and finishing a whole system of logistics distribution center location also should be placed on the agenda.译文基于GIS环境下物流配送中心选址研究 资料来源:北京交通

42、大学作者:LIANG Yanping,ZHANG Xingpiang SUN Qi 摘要:物流配送中心选址是一个复杂的空间分析和空间的决策问题,也是一个物流系统研究的热门课题。根据影响物流配送中心选址的因素,分析过程分为定性的候选区域的选择和基于GIS环境的定量计算,然后主要数据库来满足模型设计计算的需求。这个分析过程,也是在文章中详细阐述了实践证明,GIS技术可以弥补传统数学模型缺少的步骤,在物流配送中心选择时它是具有可操作性和实际应用的地理信息系统。 关键词:物流配送中心的选择;影响因素;空间决策;定性和定量I 导言 物流配送中心是供给两者之间的桥梁,并要求在物流网络系统中起着关键作用,物

43、配送中心位于系统中适当与否将直接影响效劳的效率和质量。很多学者讨论了建立讨论模物流配送中心选址问题,其不同观点主要在于模型,如数学编程算法,多规那么决策,启发式算法和仿真等,这些模型的目标函数通常是使运输费用和固定资产投资的区位减少选择。公路网络节点间的距离通常假定为直线距离并且计算出运输费用。有时,直线距离不仅被转移到公路甚至是铁路里程或其他交通运输网络,进入运算模型中,与实际距离比拟总是会存在很大的差距的。配送中心选址是一个复杂决策过程,一个的最正确位置配送中心常常由许多综合因素决定。 这文章中首先对物流配送中心选址的影响因素进行讨论,然后对其的功能和意义地理信息系统技术进行了分析,更多的

44、是把物流配送中心的选址过程分为两个步骤:一种是对局部候选区域的地理信息环境用多种空间分析方法进行定性分析,另外一种就是用定量的数学方法对候选区域进行分析。这些分析过程和步骤必须阐述详尽,数据库同样还需满足定量的分析,GIS技术的可操作性可以弥补传统数学模型缺乏,通过应用GIS在物流配送实践中,确定配送中心位置。II 分析物流的影响因素配送中心选址 共同区位模型总是分为四阶段:数据准备,影响因素分析,预算影响和位置选择分析。影响因素分析是在区位模型中关键的一步。 寻找一个最正确的配送中心的目标是投入最少的资金或者全面的开支以获得最大的综合性经济利益。因此影响因素是和开支紧密联系在一起的,其费用主

45、要包括两个方面:建设费用和分销开支(或者运行费用)。在定位一个最正确的配送中心时,除了自然环境因素外,经济的影响因素和政策的多重影响因素也应该综合考虑。 (1)影响因素与建筑开支的关联 物流配送中心选址的建筑费用受自然影响环境的因素的极大影响。如土地是否有足够的承载能力,防止在海岸,沟壑和地震等不良地质条件上,定位更高海拔地区,如果可能的话,在保持商品枯燥的城市总体规划。此外,政策因素也将考虑到,如企业优惠的价格,城市规划(土地开发整理,道路建设),以及区域政策等。 影响因素与物流配送费用关联' 分销费用将被计算在三个阶段:首先是从供给点到物流配送中心的交通费,第二个是存放和处理物流配送中心的费用和最后是