2015年外研版英语初二年级下册M6-M10知识要点及写作范文

1、2015年外研版英语初二年级下册M6-M10知识要点及写作范文Module 6 HobbiesUnit 11. a little + 不可数名词：有点儿、少量的 There is only a little meat in the fridge. a bit of + 不可数名词：有点儿、少量的 I need a bit of water.2. have a look:看一看，后跟宾语时，要加介词at. have a look at = look at Have a look at the picture. = Look at the picture.3. most of + 代词宾格 或 m

2、ost of + 限定词 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的数由most后面的代词或名词决定。 Most of my storybooks are very interesting. Most of us like English. Most of her money was stolen. 她的大部分钱被偷了。4. must:表示肯定的推测，“一定、肯定”。表示否定的推测时用cant, “不可能”。 The restaurant must be very good. Its always full of people. That girl cant be Lily. Lily is much ta

3、ller.5. as + 形容词/ 副词的原级 + as : 和一样 His English is as good as mine. He drives as well as his father.6. 用：1) with:用具体有形的东西（工具） I write a letter with a pen. 2) in:用语言、声音、原材料 Can you speak in a loud voice? 3) by:用/ 通过用段或方式 The girl made money by selling flowers.7. 形容词修饰不定代词时后置：I have something important

4、 to tell you.Unit 21. 1) someothers：一些另一些 Some students like watching TV and others like going online. 2) one the other：一个，另一个（范围是两者） There are only two students in the classroom. One is reading and the other is drawing. I have two pens. One is red and the other is black.2. make sb. do sth.: 使某人做某事

5、一感、二听、三让、四看 We made the little girl laugh at last.3. develop: v. 培养、提高、发展、形成、长大This lesson will help you develop your writing skills. 这节课有助于提高你的写作能力。 We should develop good living habits. 我们应该养成好的生活习惯。4. during = in: 在期间、在时间内 I woke up three times during / in the night.5. as well as:除了外（还有），可用beside

6、s代替。 I have a few English books as well as / besides this . I study Japanese as well as English. 除了英语外，我还学日语。6. encourage sb. to do sth.: 鼓励某人做某事 My parents always encourage me to study hard.7. come out: 出版、发行、（花儿）开放、出来 When will his new book come out? Spring comes and the flowers start to come out.

7、 The result will come out three days later.8. as a result = so 结果、因此、 She didnt study hard and as a result, she didnt pass the exam. Tom studied hard. As a result, he passed the exam.9. 1) Pleasure: 愉悦、愉快 Its my pleasure. = My pleasure. 不客气（回答感谢）。 2) with pleasure. 十分愿意（回答请求）- Will you please open t

8、he window?- With pleasure.10. success n. 成就、成功 Failure is the mother success. 失败乃成功之母。 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 succeed v. 成功 He finished the work successfully. He is a successful writer. Dont give up. You know hard work leads to success. He succeeded in finishing the work at last.

9、他终于成功完成了那项工作。话题写作：My Hobbies I have many hobbies, such as sports, singing, playing the violin and keeping a diary. At school, I often hear the PE teacher say sports are good for our health and will make us live longer. So I like sports very much. I go running at five oclock in the afternoon. I play

10、table tennis with my friends. These sports have kept me healthy. At home, I like singing and playing the violin. I hope I will be a singer and violinist when I grow up. In order to reach these goals, I go to the teachers home for a lesson every Saturday and practice singing. Of all my hobbies, I lik

11、e reading books best. In my bedroom there are lots of books. When I grow up, I will serve the people with the knowledge I have learnt.Module 7 Summer in Los AngelesUnit 11. 1) prepare for sth. = be / get ready for sth. 为某事做准备 They are preparing for a test. = They are getting ready for a test. 2) pre

12、pare to do sth. = be / get ready to do sth. 准备做某事My mother is preparing to cook lunch.2. make a list:列清单 Lets make a shopping list.3. 1) crazy adj. 发疯的、荒唐的 You are crazy to buy the watch at such a high price. 2) be crazy about:对着迷 The boys are crazy about Jay Chou. 3) drive sb. crazy:使某人发疯 、疯狂迷恋Thin

13、gs almost drive me crazy. 这些东西差点把我弄疯。4. what to take = what I should take 疑问词 + 不定式作宾语 = 宾语从句 These dressed are very beautiful. I cant decide which one to buy.5. at the end of: 在末端/ 尽头/ 后期 / 结束 （时间 / 地点） There is a park at the end of the street. My birthday is at the end of June.6. 英语中成双成对的名词：shorts

14、, trousers, glasses, /socks, shoes. 其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由pair修饰作主语时，谓语动词单复数由pair决定。 My sunglasses are in the bag. Two pairs of shoes are enough. How much is this pair of sunglasses?7. light: 轻的 - heavy: 重的 light:浅色的 - dark: 深色的 Light music can make people relaxed. 轻音乐能使人放松。 This sweater is light blue. 这

15、件毛衣是浅蓝色的。8. 表示时间、金钱、价格、长度、学科的名词以s结尾等词作主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长一段时间。 Maths is my favorite subject. Ten kilometers is very far. 9. else: 作后置定语 疑问词 / 不定代词 + else other: 作前置定语 other + 名词复数 What else can you see? The other students are playing basketball now.10. 1) weigh

16、: v. 重、称的重量 He weighs 50 kilos. Please weigh the bananas. 2) n. weight 重量 put on weight: 长胖 lose weight: 减肥11. total adj. 总的、全部的，只用作定语。近义词为whole The total score is one hundred. In total: 总共、总计12. 1) by the way: 顺便说/ 问一下，为插入语，用以引出题外的话语。 2) on ones way to: 在某人去的路上 Im on my way to school. 3) in the way

17、: 挡道 Dont stand in the way. 不要挡路。13. have a great / nice / good time = enjoy oneself = have great fun 玩得开心 I have a good time in China. = I enjoy myself in China.14. write to sb. = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信 I will write to you soon. = I will write a letter to you soon.15. - Buy me some flowers for

18、 your mother on Mothers Day. - Yes, I will. 祈使句表示的动作是尚末发生的动作，应答上句的祈使句，答语用助动词will 表示将来。Unit 21. 1) offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物He offered me a cup of tea. = He offered a cup of tea to me. 2) offer to do sth.：主动提出做某事 Tom offered to help me with my English.2. at the same time: 同时 The litt

19、le girl sings and dances at the same time.3. last: v. 持续 last (for) + 一段时间，for可省略 The film lasted (for) three hours. 4. depend on: 依靠、依赖、取决于 Our success depends on hard work. 我们的成功取决于艰苦的工作。 You cant always depend on your parents. Whether Ill go to Shanghai depends on the result of the exam.5. provid

20、e sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 提供给某人某物/ 为某人提供某物 The school has provided students with free books. = The school has provided free books for students.6. progress: 进步（不可数名词），其前可用much, great, some, good等词修饰。 make much / great progress in sth.: 在某方面取得很大的进步 I have made great progress in English.7.

21、 experience v. 经历、体验 experience life in :在体验生活 I want to experience life in the countryside.8. form / make a friendship / friendships with sb.: 与某人建立友谊 The teacher makes close friendships with his students.9. stay in touch with sb. = keep in touch with sb.：与某人保持联系 Well stay in touch with each other

22、after graduation. 毕业10. if: if引导的条件状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句、含有情态动词时，从句要用一般现在时，即“主将从现”。 I will visit my friend if it doesnt rain tomorrow. Dont get off the bus if it doesnt stop. You can have another apple if you are very hungry.11. prefer = like better 1) prefer A to B: 比起B来更喜欢A I prefer English to Chine

23、se. 2) prefer to do sth.: 宁愿做某事 I prefer to stay at home today. 3) prefer doing sth. to doing sth.: 喜欢做某事胜过某事I prefer swimming to playing basketball. 我喜欢游泳胜过打篮球。12. at least:至少 at most:至多 The hall can hold at least 2,000 people. 这个大厅至少能容纳两千人。 You should at least be polite. 你至少应该有礼貌。13. 1) fill in /

24、out a form: 填表 2) fill with:用把装满 （表动作） He filled the bags with books. 3) be filled with = be full of : 充满、装满（表状态） The glass is filled with water. = The glass is full of water.话题写作：假设你是张林，你的美国笔友Bob来信询问你的暑假计划，现在请你写一封回信，告诉他你将在爷爷奶奶家度过这个假期。注意：1.至少写出你将要做的三件事； 2.回信不少于80词，信的开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Bob,The summ

25、er vacation is coming soon. After a tiring school year, Im going to relax myself. I will spend my vacation with my grandparents. I will stay with them for about three weeks. Of course, I am going to help them do some housework. Perhaps we will take some short trips. Besides, I am going to visit some

26、 of my friends and relatives. I think we will have a happy time together. Whats more, I will be a senior student in a new term, so I am going to make some preparations. How will you spend your holiday?Best wishes to you.Yours,Module 8 Time offUnit 11. 1) v. 欢迎 welcome to sp.: Welcome to Beijing. Wel

27、come here. 2) n. 欢迎 give a warm welcome: 热烈欢迎某人 They gave us a warm welcome. 3) adj. 受欢迎的、不必感谢的 He is a welcome teacher.- Thank you. - Youre welcome. 不用谢。2. 1) so that ：如此以致，引导结果状语从句。可与tooto和 形/副词 + enough to相互转化。 He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. He ran so quickly that we couldnt catch up

28、 with him. 赶上 2) so that:以便、为了、目的是，引导目的状语从句。可与in order that/ in to + v.相互转化。He works hard so that he can make a lot of money. 他努力工作为了挣许多钱。= He works hard in order to make a lot of money.3. hear sb. do sth. 听到某了做了某事 I often hear her play the piano. hear sb. doing sth.: 听到某人正在做某事 I heard them singing

29、in the room just now.4. 1) hardly = almost not 几乎不，位于be动词/助动词/ 情态动词后，行为动词前。 I can hardly finish the work. She hardly ate anything last night. 2) hard adv. 努力地 He works hard every day.hard adj. 艰艰苦的、硬的 He lives a hard life.5. be famous for: 因而闻名 Yantai is famous for its apples. be famous as: 以/ 作为而出名

30、 He is famous as an actor.6. take up: 占据（时间/空间）Which hobby do you think takes up the least time?你认为哪种业务爱好占的时间最少？ The big box takes up too much room. 这个大盒子占了太多的空间。 7. point out: 指出 Please point out the mistakes. point to: 指着（远距离） He pointed to the hill. point at: 指着（近距离） Dont point at people with a f

31、inger.8. sight n. 名胜、风景 （人文景观或历史遗址为主的景观） see the sights:游览名胜 Do you know the sights of Beijing?9.1) allow sb. to do sth.:允许某人做某事 My parents allow me to watch TV at weekends. 2) allow doing sth.:允许做某事 Our teachers allow playing here. 3) sb. be allowed to do sth.:某人被允许做某事 Students are not allowed to s

32、moke at school. 学生不允许在学校吸烟。10. 1) waste v. 浪费 We shouldnt waste water. 2) waste time / money (in) doing sth.: 浪费时间/金钱做某事 Waste time / money on sth.: 在某事/某物上浪费时间/金钱 Dont waste your time (in) playing computer games. Too many students waste time on TV. 3) n. 废物、垃圾 Dont throw away waste everywhere.Unit

33、21. 1) promise to do sth.: 许诺/答应做某事 My father promised to buy a bike for me. 2) promise sb. sth.: 许诺某人某物 My mother promised me a new watch. 3) promise that 从句：答应、保证 My parents promised that they would buy me a computer. 4) make a promise:许下诺言 keep a promise:遵守诺言 break a promise:不守信2. while conj. 而、然

34、而，表示对比 I like music while he likes sports. He is tall while his brother is short.3. wake sb. up: 把某人叫醒 Mum, wake me up at seven oclock.4. move about: 四处走动、到处旅行 move away:离开、搬开 move in: 迁入 Sit down, Tom. Dont move about. move on:继续向前移动5. 现在分词作后置定语，所表示的动作与前面的逻辑主语之间是“主动”关系； 过去分词作后置定语，所表示的动作与前面的逻辑主语之间是“

35、被动”关系。 Do you know the boy standing under the tree. （主动） I like the books written by Lu Xun. （被动）6. above: 在之上、在斜上方，既不接触又不垂直，仅是高于某物。 over: 在之上，盖在上面，一般指垂直，且不接触。 There is a bridge over the river. The plane is flying above the clouds.7. pull:拉 - push:推 Pull the door open. 把门拉开。 Pull down:拉倒、拆毁8. Im / w

36、as sorry：当听说别人糟遇不幸时，用此句表示对别人同情。 I was sorry to hear that he had a bad cold last week.9. I wish you were here! 虚拟语气 Wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反的假设，be 动词都用were. I wish I were as strong as you. I wish I were with you now.语法：1. 常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词是：believe, expect, promise, think, tell, hope, wish, rememb

37、er, forget等。 I hope (that) everyone will have a happy family.2. 主句的谓语是由“be + 形容词（afraid / glad / sure / sorry）”等构成的系表结构时，后面常接that 引导的宾语从句。 Im sure (that) shell write to me soon. Im sorry (that) he isnt here right now.3. 宾语从句的时态：1) 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 I remember tha

38、t he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he will visit Guilin tomorrow. 2) 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等）。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump.3) 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句都用一般现在时。 He told me that the earth is round.Module 9 Friend

39、shipUnit 11. 打电话用语：1) 您是哪位？ Who is that? / Who is (that) calling, please? 2) 我是。This is sb. / This is sb. speaking. 3) 请别挂断电话：Hold on, please. / Hold the line , please. 4) 电话线繁忙/不通/占线：The line is busy / bad.2. have a problem with sb. / sth.: 与某人之间有问题/矛盾、在方面有问题/困难 Tom said that he had a problem with

40、his father. Do you have a problem with your English study?3. 1) seperate from：把和分开（把混合在一起的东西分开） Bob will seperate the bad apples from the good ones. 2) get seperated:分开，是终止性动词短语，不能与时间段连用。 be separated:分开，是延续性动词短语，可与时间段连用。 We got separated one week ago. = We have been separated for one week.4. 1) exp

41、lain sth. to sb.: 向某人解释某事 不能使用explain sb. sth.的结构。 The teacher explained the maths problem to his studens. 2) explain that(宾语从句): Peter explained that he would get there on time. 3) explain + 疑问词 + to do sth.: Father explained that he would go there on time.5. 1) mention sth. to sb.: 向某人提及某事 不能使用men

42、tion sb. sth.的结构。 Dont mention this problem to her this evening. 2) mention + that(宾语从句): Tom mentions that he often sees Peter in the library. 3) Dont mention it. = Youre welcome. = Not at all. 别客气、不用谢。6. refuse to do sth.:拒绝做某事 The students refuse to try the healthy food. Refuse sb. sth.: 拒绝某人某事 T

43、he bank refused him the loan. 贷款7. treat as = see as = regard as 把看作 Dont treat me as a child. We treat him as our leader.8. 1) be / feel sure of oneself: 自信、满怀信心 He is not sure of himself these days. 2) be / feel sure of sth.: 确定某事、对某事有把握 I am / feel sure of his success. 3) be sure to do sth.: 一定 T

44、hey are sure to succeed.9. regret: v. 遗憾、懊悔，后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词作宾语。 I didnt regret the choice (that I made). 1) regret to do sth.:很抱歉/遗憾地做某事（事情还没有做） I regret to tell you that you cant pass the exam. 2) regret doing sth: 后悔/遗憾做了某事 Kate regretted selling her old house.10.1) be patient with sb.:对某人有耐心 Te

45、achers should be patient with their students. 2) be patient of sth.: 对某事有耐心 Tom is patient of the trouble.11. make friends with sb.: 与某人交朋友 He likes making friends with others.12.1) introduce sb./ sth. to sb.: 把某人/某物介绍给某人，没有introduce sb. sth.结构 I introduced my sister to Lily. 2) introduce oneself:自我

46、介绍 Can you introduce yourself?13. No problem. 不用谢。/没关系。/没问题。 1) - Thank you very much. 2) - Im sorry to have kept you waiting. - No problem. - No problem. Unit 21. every time = each time 每次，引导一个时间状语从句。 Every / Each time I borrow money from him, he says he is poor.2. talk to sb. about sth.: 与某人谈论有关某事

47、 Lets talk to him about the picnic.3. worry about sb. / sth. = be worried about sb. / sth. 担心某人/某事4. in silence:安静地 He looked at the pictures on the wall in silence. silent: adj. 沉默的、无声的 、寂静的 He is a silent boy. keep silent: 保持安静 keep silence: 保持沉默5. touch n. 接触、碰到 I felt a touch on my back. v. 触摸、碰

48、 Dont touch the machine. Its dangerous.6. bright adj. 明亮的、欢快的、聪明的 The light goes through the window and makes the room bright. The boy is so bright that he can answer many hard questions.7. treasure: n. 意为“珍宝“时为可数名词，意为”财富“时为不可数名词。 These are the nations art treasures. treasure: v. 珍惜 I treasure your

49、friendship.8. change ones life: 改变某人的生活 change ones mind:改变某人的主意 Change into : 把变成 change A for B：用A换B The fridge can change water into ice. 9. trust sb. = believe in sb. 信任某人 believe sb.:相信某人的话 We have always trusted him. No one trusts him except himself.10. include v. 包括 The price includes the hou

50、se and the furniture. 家俱 Including prep. Ten members attended the meeting, including myself.11. stick together: 粘在一起、团结一致 We can stick the broken pieces together with glue. 我们可以用胶水把碎片粘在一起。 Whatever happens, we must stick together.12. advise sb. to do sth. suggest doing sth: advise doing sth. suggest

51、 that 从句 advide that / wh-从句 n. suggestion 可数名词 She suggested having a picnic at the weekend. Do you have any suggestions about keeping fit?语法：1. if和whether都有是否之意，有时可互换，不能省略。但需要注意下面的情况。 1) 在介词后、不定式之前、以及有or not时，只能用whether. That all depends on whether it will rain tomorrow. I dont know whether to hel

52、p him tomorrow. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam or not.2.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，不能省略。 Do you know when the train will arrive? No one knows why Amy is not happy today. I want to know what is wrong with Tom He didnt know what happened to Tom 在宾语从句中，疑问词what作主语时，宾语从句不用倒装。话题写作：微笑是一种态度。请你以“Learn to smil

53、e”为题，为你校校园英语园地写一篇稿件。内容要点：1.学会对自己微笑；2.学会对他人微笑；3.微笑是一种语言。注意：紧扣主题，表述全面、准确、流畅；可以适当发挥。参考词汇：attitude 态度 misunderstand 误会 confidence 自信心 benefit health有益于健康 enemy Lear to smile Smile is an attitude to life. We should face everything with smile. In our life, there may be something unpleasant. For example, y

54、ou fail in an exam or you are misunderstood by your friends. These things may make you feel sad. Then what will you do? Why not learn to smile? Smiling to yourself can bring back your confidence and beat the unhappy feelings. Sometimes the greatest enemy is yourself. The most important thing is that smiling benefits your health. We should also learn to smile to others and it will help us to get closer to other pe