有机化学中英文对照表

1、有机化学中英文对照表 有机化学可以直接下载 WORD 版本 英文名 汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基 Alkylidene group 亚烷基 Allyl group烯丙基Allylic烯丙型 的Phenyl group苯基Aryl group芳基Benzyl group苄基Benzylic苄型 的Activating group 活化基团 Chromophore 生色团 Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring普通环Medium rimg中环Large ri

2、ng 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound螺环化合物Helical molecule螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation Benzylic cation Arenirm ion Ketyl radical Radical ion Radical cation Radical anion Isomerism Aci form循变结构 立体化学 光学活性 右旋异构体 左旋异构体酰基 正离子 苄基正离子 芳 基正离子 羰自由基 自由基离子

3、 自由基正离子 自由基负离子 异构现象 酸式Fluxional structure Stereochemistry Optical activity Dextro isomer Laevo isomerTetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism立体异构 现象 Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳 Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atomHomotopicHeterotopic EnantiotopicDiastereotopic Configuratio

4、n虚拟原子等位 的异位的对映异位 的非对映异位 的构型绝对构型Absolute configurationChirality 手性Chiral手性 的Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral非手性 的 Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式 Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L 命名体系 R-S syytem of nomenclatureR -S 命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence顺序规则Symmetry factor对称因素Plan

5、e of symmetry 对称面 Mirror symmetry镜面对称Enantiomer对映 异构 体Diastereomer非对映 异构 体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer端基 差向 异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型 Erythro isomer赤型异构体Threo configuration苏型构型Threo isomer苏型异构体Trigonal carbon三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism顺反异构E isomerE 异构体Z isomerZ 异构体Endo isomer内型异构体Exo isomer外型异构体Prochirality前手

6、性Pro-R group前 R 基团Pro-S proup前 S 基团Re faceRe 面Si face Si 面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物外消旋化合物外消旋固体溶液Racemic compoundRacemic solid solutionMeso compound Quasi recemate Conformation Conformational Torsion angle内消旋化合物 准外消旋体 构象构象分析扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象 Anti periplanar

7、 conformation反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation顺叠构象Synclinal conformation反错构象Synclinal conformation顺错构象邻位交叉构象Eclipsed conformation重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formationStaggered conformation对位交叉构象Steric effect空间效应Steric hindrance位阻Atropismer阻转异构体Puckered ring折叠环Conformational inversion构象反转Chair con

8、formation椅型构象Boat conformation船型构象Twist conformation扭型构象Skew boat conformation扭船型构象Half-chair conformation半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation信封 型 构象Axial bond直立 键Equatorial bond平 伏 键Cisoid conformation顺向构象Transoid conformation反向构象Retention of configuration构型保持Regioselectivity区域选择性Regiospeci

9、ficity区域专一性Stereocelectivity立体选择性Stereospecificty立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect构象效应Cram' s rube克拉姆规则Prelog ' rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation立体 化学 取向Conformational transmission 构象传递 Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position Meta position Para position Amphi position Peri posi

10、tion邻位间位对位远位近位Trigonal hybridization三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法 Valence bond method价键法Delocalezed bond离域键Cross conjugation交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect中介效应Resonance共振Resonance effect共振效应Hyperconjugation超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance无键共振AromaticityAromatic sexter芳香性芳香六隅

11、Huckel ' rule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流 Diamagnetic ring cruuent抗磁环电流HomoaromaticityAntiaromaticity同芳香性反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement电环 化重排Conrotatory顺旋Disroatatory对旋Cycloaddition环加成Symmetry forbidden-reacti

12、on 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system默比乌斯体系Leois structure路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability可极化性Inductive effect诱导效应Field effect场效应Electrical effect电场效应tautomerism互变异构Tautomerization互变异构化Keto-enol ta

13、utomerism Phenol-keto tautomerism Imine-enamine atutomerism Ring-chain tautomerism Valence tautomerism酮-烯醇互变异构酚-酮互变异构亚胺 -烯胺互变异构环-链互变异构价互变异构Ambident两可 的 Solvent effect溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反

14、应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplexHost 主体电子给 体 受体络合物Guest 客体Primary isotope effectSecondary isotope effect一级同位素效应 二级同位数效应 逆同位素效应Kinetic control动力学控制Thermodynamic controlSubstrate 底物热力学控制Intermediate中间体Inver

15、se isotope effectTautomerization互变异构化活泼中间体微观可逆性哈蒙德假说线性自由能非键相互作用Reactive intermediate Microscopic reversibility Hammond postulate Linear free energy Non-bonded interactionTorsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect重叠效应Eclipsing strain重叠张力Small-angle strain小角张力Large

16、 angle strain大角张力Transannular interaction跨环相互作用Transannular strain跨环张力I strain内张力F strain前张力B strain后张力Michael addition迈克尔加成Anomeric effect Walden inversion Racemization Isoinversion Isoracemization Homochiral Mechanism端基异构效应 瓦尔登反转 外消旋化 等反转等消旋 纯手性的 机理Michael addition迈克尔加成Unimolecular nucleophilic单分子

17、亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代 Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代 Nuc

18、leophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除 Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base单分子共轭碱消除双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mat

19、ion of a carbonyl group Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage双分子羰基形成消除单分子酸催化酰氧断裂双分子碱催化酰氧断裂单分子酸催化烷氧断裂双分子碱催化烷氧断裂n -allyl complex mechanismn烯丙型

20、络合机理Borderline mechanism边理机理Homolysis均裂Heterolysis异裂Heterolytic michanism异裂机理Counrergegenion反荷离子Ion pair离子对Carbocation碳正离子Michael addition迈克尔加成Nonclassical carbocation非经典碳正离子Carbanion碳负离子Masked carbanion掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid卡宾体Carbene卡宾Nitrene氮宾Carbine碳炔Electrophilic addition亲电加成Electrophile亲电体Diaxial add

21、ition双直键加成Markovnikov ' s rube马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition反马氏加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substi t u-tion亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝

22、化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilic ity亲核体Nucleophilic ity亲核性a -effecta -效应Backside attack背面进攻Inversion反转Umbrella effect伞效应Push-pull effect推拉效应Leaving group离去基团

23、Electrofuge离电体Nucleofuge离核体Phase-transfer catalysis相转移催化Neighboring group participation邻基基参与邻助作用Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance Neighboring group effect邻基效应Apofacial reaction反面反应Briddgehead displacement桥头取代Aryl action芳正离子Benzyne苯炔Zaitsev rule札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation反札依采夫定向Ho

24、fmann ' s 反应Alkylation烷基化C- alkylationC- 烷基化O- alkylationO-烷基化N-alkylationN- 烷基化Silylation硅烷基 化Exhaustive methylation彻底甲基化Seco alkylation断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation芳基化Acylation酰化Formylation 甲酰化 Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination双氨基

25、化Cine substitution移位取代Transamination 氨基交换 Hydroxylation羟基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化 Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化 Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation亚硝化Sulfonation磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化 Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation亚磺酰化Sulfonylation磺酰化Chlorosu

26、lfenation氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联 Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应 1,4-addi tion 1 ，4- 加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成 Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization加成二聚sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化 O

27、xyamination羟氨基化Insertion 插入 carbonylation羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化HydroacylationOxo processDecarbonylation Hydrocarboxylation Homologization加氢酰化羰基合成脱羰 氢羧基化 同系化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Decyanoethylation脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition内型加成Exo addition外型加成Diels-Alder reactio

28、n第尔斯 -尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction逆第尔斯 - 阿尔德反应Ene synthesis单烯合成Anionic cycloaddi tion 负离子环加成Dipolar addition- elimination偶极加成- 消除- elimination- 消除- elimination- 消除-elimination-消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination脱氨基Pyrolytic eliminationElimination-addition热解消除 消除 - 加成Decarboxylation脱羧Decarboxamid

29、ation脱酰胺Decyanation脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysisFragmentation闪热裂碎裂Chiletropic reaction螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification酯化Transesterification酯交换Saponification皂化Alcoholysis醇解Ethanolysis乙醇解Cyanomethylation氰甲基化AminomethylationHydroxymethylation氨甲基化羟甲基化Hydro

30、xyalkylationCholromethylation羟烷基化氯甲基化卤烷基化HaloalkylationTransacetalation 缩醛交换 Enolization烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合 Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环

31、Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation Epoxidation 环氧化 Oxonolysis 臭氧解 Electrochemical oxidation Oxidative decarboxylation Aromatization 芳构化烯丙型氢过氧化电化学氧化氧化脱羧Catalytic hydrogenation催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation Catalytic dehydrogenation Transfer hydrogenation Hydrogen

32、olysis 氢解 Dissolving metal reduction均相氢化催化脱氢转移氢化溶解金属还原Single electron transfer单电子转移Bimolecular reduction双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原还原烷基化还原酰化还原二聚Reductive alkylationReductive acylationReductive dimerizationDeoxygenation脱氧Desulfurization脱硫Deselenization脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化 Hydrometa

33、llation 氢金属化 Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction夺取反应 Internal abstraction内夺取 反应 Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement Double bond migration Allylic migration Allylic migration Ring contractionRing expansion,ring enlargement质了转移重排双键移位烯丙型重排烯丙型迁移 环缩小 反应 扩环 反应-ketol rearr

34、angement Pinacol rearrangement Retropinacol rearrangement Semipinacol rearrangement Benzilic rearrangement Acyl rearrangement Migratory apti tude Transannular insertion- 酮醇重排频哪醇重排 逆频哪醇重排 半频哪醇重排 二苯乙醇酸重排 酰基重排迁移倾向跨环插入Transannular rearrangement迁移跨环重排Migration质子转移PrototropyCationotropic rearrangement负离子转

35、移正离子转移重排AnionotropyAnionotropic rearrangement负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement- 迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangementPhotosensitization亲电重排Forbidden transitionphotooxidationPhotoisomerization光敏化禁阻跃迁光氧化光异构化光化学重排Photochemical rearrangement 2 4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合

36、物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物 Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds活泼氢化合物Carbon acid碳氢酸Super acid超酸Diene双烯Triene三烯Allene丙二烯Ccumulene累积多烯Enyne烯炔Diyne二炔Alkyl halide卤代烷Alcohol醇Homoallylic alcohol高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound硝基化合物Amine 胺季铵化合物Quaternaryammonium com-poundAmine oxide氧化胺Diazoalkane重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇 Sulfonic acid磺酸Sulfoxide亚砜Sulfone砜Aldehyde醛Det