牛津高中英语模块四第二单元Sports-event1

1、牛津高中英语模块四第二单元Sports events胡玉杰 Ma Chang Middle School Shu Yang County JiangsuKey expressions and phrases1. be delighted to do sth: 乐意做be delighted at sth: 因为而高兴 We are delighted that you have come here.我们很高兴你来这里 I was delighted at the news that he had passed the exam.他通过了考试的消息让我很高兴。2. significance: n

2、. 重要性，意义 be of significance: 重要，有意义So far, research hasnt produced anything of great significance.到目前而言，研究还没有产生任何重要意义。3. every: 每隔every + 基数词 + n(复数): 每.every + 序数词 + n(单数): 每到第.every other + n(单数): 每隔一every few + n(复数): 每隔几 You should plant the tree every three meters你每三米就值树 You should plant the tr

3、ee every the third meter你每到第三米就值树 every other line: 每隔一行 every few days: 每隔几天4. compete: vi. 比赛，竞争 compete with / against sb for sth: 与某人就比赛竞争competition: kmpitin n. 比赛，竞争competitive: kmpetitiv adj. 比赛的，竞争的competitor: kmpetit n. 比赛者，竞争者 She is competing with her sister for attention(争宠). boxing / ch

4、ess / beauty competition competitive sports: 竞争性体育运动5. bring sth to life: 赋予以生命；使生动 bring sth back to life: 使重生In the story the artists brought the statue to life.6. under the name of sth: 以为别名笔名 He wrote his novels under the name of John.7. absence: n. 不在，缺席，缺乏 in / during ones absence: 在不在时in the

5、absence of sth: 由于缺乏 The accident happened in / during your absence. Police had to release the boy in the absence of hard evidence. Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 人不见，心更念；久别情更深。8. gold medal: 金牌 silver medal: 银牌 bronze medal: 铜牌9. hang on: vi. (1) 紧紧抓住 (2) 稍等 (3) 坚持不懈 hang on to sth: (1) 保留，保存

6、 (2) 抓紧 We all hung on as the bus swung around a sharp bend(急转弯). Hang on! I will be back in a minute. I know you are tired, but try to hang on a bit longer. I should hang on to those old photosthey may be valuable. Hang on to that rope, and dont let go. 抓紧那根绳子，不要松手。10. attempt: n. & vi. 尝试，努力；试

7、图，企图尝试试图努力做 attempt to do sth: make an attempt to do sth: in an attempt to do sth: 为了. Every time I attempt to convince her, she will shout at me. In an attempt to control the inflation, the government took many measures.11. push the boundary of sth: 挑战的极限这个短语还有如下出现形式：push boundaries；push boundaries

8、 of sth；push the boundaries of sth。其含义是： 1. extend something beyond limits 将某事物延伸超出界限；2.go beyond the usual limits 突破通常限制或约束；开拓，开辟；拓展 Nowadays some people are wearing a good-looking USB drive around the neck as a necklace which pushes boundaries of taste. 现在有些人在脖子上带个漂亮的U盘当做项链，U盘项链拓展了品味的概念界

9、限。 Wen Jiaobao is trying to push China's political boundaries.温家宝正努力突破中国的政治常规。 M.I.A. said she makes music to push the boundaries of her own creativity, rather than please anyone else.M.I.A.说她制作音乐目的在于开拓她自己的创造力，而不是取悦于什么人。12. join sb in doing sth: 和一起做 Mother joins me in sending you our best wishe

10、s.Key sentences1.Many people enjoy playing different sports while others just enjoy watching them. enjoy sth /enjoy doing sth While作并列连词用，意思为“而，然而”，表对比。而but表转折。注意用心比较体会while与but的句中用意 1).Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 有些人很费粮食，然而有些人

11、却吃不饱。 2).The son was having a good meal at home，while the parents were working in the fields. 儿子在家吃好饭而父母却在田里辛勤劳作。 3).I ought to have helped her，but I never could. 我本

12、该帮她但没能。 4).Honey is sweet，but the bee stings2. Below are pictures of a few popular sports.这个是倒装句。介词位于句首需要倒装。In front of my house are many trees在我房子的前面有很多树。3. I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olym

13、pic Games.be delighted to do sth: 乐意做be delighted that: 很高兴be delighted at sth: 因为而高兴 (to) have been invited to 完成时的被动语态invite sb to +place 邀请.到.地方invite sb (not) to do sth 邀请.（不）做4. L10-11 At the ancient Olympics, by tradition, the athletes were all men and they had to compete wearing no clothes. w

14、earing no clothes 是分词作伴随状语。The old man sat in front of his house staring the people nearby老人坐在自己房子前，盯着附近的人。5.L13-15 Today, both male and female athletes from around the world can take part, no matter what nation they come from. no matter与疑问词who, what, where, when, how, 

15、if, whether等连用，意为“无论，不管”。如： 1) Don't open the door, no matter who comes. 不管谁来都别开门。     2) Don't trust him, no matter what he says. 无论他说什么，都别相信他。    

16、; 3) No matter where you work, you can always find time to study. 无论你在哪里工作，你都能找到时间学习。     4) No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be

17、60;wiped out clean. 无论侵略者什么时候来，怎样来，他们必将被消灭得一干二净。no matter who (what, when, where, how, whether等)引导的从句通常在句中作状语，表示让步，但有时也可在句中作宾语 No matter which party gets in at the next election, the economy

18、 is going to be in a mess.(让步状语从句）Whatever（whoever, whichever, wherever, whomever）有两个用法，一是引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句），二是用于引导让步状语从句。1. 用于引导名词性从句Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的2. Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。3. I will do whatever you wish. 我可做任何你想我做的事。4.

19、Give them whatever they desire. 他们想要什么就给他们什么。5. Whatever I have is at your service. 我所有的一切都由你使用。6. You may do whatever you want to do. 无论你想做什么事，你都可以做。用于引导让步状语从句1).Whatever we said, he'd disagree. 无论我们说什么，他都不同意。2).Whatever happened I must be calm. 不管发生什么情况我都要镇静。不管发生什么情况我都要镇静。3).Well go along toge

20、ther whatever happens. 不管发生什么情况我们都要起干。4).Dont lose heart whatever difficulties you meet. 不管遇到什么困难都不要灰心。5).Whatever you do, I won't tell you my secret. 不管你做什么，我都不会把我的秘密告诉你。6 L17-19 He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace. it是形式宾

21、语，真正的宾语是不定式部分I found it easier to solve this problem我发现解决这个问题比较容易7.L20 Among them are many well-known athletes. 这句话是倒装句。介词位于句首需要倒装L48-49 Yet, she hung on to win the gold medal in the final match. hang on to1hold tightly 牢牢抓住It was so windy that I had to hang on to my hat all the way along the s

22、treet风太大，在街上我得一直牢牢抓住我的帽子。Hang on to my hand，while we cross the street过街时要紧紧抓住我的手。2rely on依靠The only thing I can hang on to is none other than my own brain and hands我唯一能依靠的只有我自己的头脑和手。Her son's death depressed her so much that she thought nothing was left for her to hang on to她儿子的死使她十分地伤心，以致于她认为没有

23、什么是她可以依靠的了。3retain possession of留住；保留You'd better hang on to those shares；they'll be going up again soon你最好留下那些股票，它们很快又会看涨的P34-35 1. I advise you that you should watch less TV at night. advise 表示建议 后面接从句 用虚拟语气。类似的还有表示命令，建议 要求 请求的一些动词或名词后面There is a suggestion that you should read English two

24、 hours a day这里有条建议就是你应该每天阅读英语两个小时2. My advice to you is that you should drink more water. 同上3. Why dont you go swimming instead of watching TV at home? 4. Why not go swimming with me? why dont you= why not 为什么不 表示建议P38-39 . Entering a sport into the Olympics can a long process. 分词作主语Seeing is believ

25、ing眼见为实情态动词1 情态动词的语法特征 1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。2 比较can 和be able to 1）cancould 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could), can 表示泛指做某事的能力Be able to 表示具体做某事的能力Many people could escape from big fire, but few of t

26、hem were able to 许多人可以在大火中逃生（泛指逃生的能力）但很少有人能够逃离（只具体逃避的能力）can只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。2）只用be able to a. 位于助动词后。 b. 情态动词后。 c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 - Could I have the television on? - Yes, you can. / No, you can'

27、t.2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。 He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。3 比较may和might 1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。典型例题Peter _come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. can D. will答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出

28、。4 比较have to和must 1)两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事） 2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过

29、去的必要或义务。He had to look after his sister yesterday. 3） 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示"不必"mustn't表示"禁止"， You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。5 must表示推测 1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情

30、的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。 You have passed the exam. You must be happy 你通过了考试，你一定是高兴的。（对现在情况的推测判断）He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。比较： He must be staying there. 他现在肯定呆在那里。 He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。 I didn't hear the phone. I must have been

31、asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接完成进行式。-Why didn't you answer my phone call?-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it. 5) 否定推测用 can't。 If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。6 表示推测的用法 can, c

32、ould, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1）情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3）情态动词+动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by th

33、e end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus thi

34、s morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。 注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如 can, may。7 情态动词+ have +过去分词 1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car

35、accident.2)must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She must have gone by bus.3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。You ought to (should) have been more car

36、eful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。） ought to 在语气上比should 要强。4) needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot.5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事I would like to have read the art

37、icle, but I was very busy then.8 should 和ought to should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。-Ought he to go?-Yes. I think he ought to. 表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。9 had better表示"最好" had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth had better not do sthIt is p

38、retty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。You had better have come earlier.10 would rather表示"宁愿" would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than 宁愿而不愿。 还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner

39、都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.典型例题- Shall we go skating or stay at home?-Which _ do? A. do you ratherB. would you rather C. will you rather D.

40、should you rather答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句， would 提前，所以选B。11 will和would 注意： 1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。 Would you like to go with me? 2）Will you?Would you like? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。 Would you like some cake?3）否定结构中用will，一般不

41、用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。 Won't you sit down?12 情态动词的回答方式 问句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes, I must.No,I needn'tMust you?/don't have to. 典型例题1）-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. mightB. will C. can D. should 答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could