2020中考英语复习---动词专项讲解和练习含答案

1、动词专题训练在英语中动词可以分为以下几类：行为动词我们日常接触的大量动词都是行为动词，又可称为实义动词，如 work, study, run, walk 等行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词的后面要跟一个名词或代词作它的宾语。We saw a film yesterday.Dick is watching TV now.In fact, I don t like her.不及物动词后面一定不能直接跟宾语，但不及物动词后往往跟一个介词， 构成一个短语动词， 然后可以跟一个介词宾语。She cried.She is looking at the picture.Zhu Tao always

2、 laughs at his brother.系动词它不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的表语（由形容词、名词、动名词、不定式、介词短语及副词等充当）一起构成系表结构，充当句子的谓语。最常用的系动词是 be,它在句子中有时译为“是”必译出。另外，还有一些动词既可以作行为动词，又可以作系动词。它们主要是表示感受的“感官动词”和表示“保持某种状态”或“变成某种状态”的词。我们要注意后面的表 语部分。Jack is twelve years old.She is from Beijing.The girl looks careful.He feels cold.Silk feels soft and com

3、fortable.The student seems to be a very kind and thoughtful person.常见的感官动词： feel, look, taste, smell, sound常见的表示状态的动词： become, get, grow, keep, turn, seem助动词助动词本身没有意义，它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问、否定、时态、语态等。英语中有些单词并不是固定的助动词，例如动词be, have, do等在句子中与主要的动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句、疑问句时，才担当起助动词的作用。It is made in China.I haven

4、t had my breakfast yet.He doesn t do his homework.情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。情态动词有词义，但词义不完整，其后一定要跟动词原形。情态动词没 有人称和数的变化。can 与 could 的用法表示人或物本身所具有的能力，意为“能，能够，会” 。如：John can speak English well.Can you swim?【走近中考】 Kate, you dance the disco? Yes, I can.A. mayB. canC. mustD. need you speak Japanese? No, I ca

5、n t.A. CanB. MustC. MayC.Should表示可能性，意为“可能，会”。如：You can find your bag in this room. 你能在这间屋子里找到你 的包。【走近中考】 Excuse me. How can I get to the railway station? Turn left and then follow your nose. You miss it!A. m ustn t B. can t C. shouldn t D. needn t Have you seen my glasses? I find them. Sorry, I hav

6、en t seen them.A. can t B. shouldn t C. won t D. mustn t在口语中， 可以用来代替更正式的 may ， 表示 “许可” ， can not 表示禁止。如：Can I borrow your pen?You can t stay out late. 你不能在外面呆得太晚了。【走近中考】 May I smoke here? No, you only do that in the smoking room.A. canB. needC. mustn t D. couldn Let s go to the concert tonight, Mich

7、ael! Sorry, I . I have to help my mother with thehousework.A. mustn t B. may not C. needn t D. can t 表示“恳求”、“请求”时，could的语气比can的语气更委婉客气。这时并不表示过去。如：Could you lend me your bike?表示猜测时， can 一般只用于否定句中。 could 比 can 更不确定。Our teacher can t be in the office.You could be right, but I donthink so. tcan经常用于下列固定结

8、构中。can t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事can t wait to do sth. 迫不及待去做某事can只有现在时can和过去时could,在表示其它时态时，可用 be able to 来代替。如：He has been able to make up a conversation in English.I m sure I ll be able to be there on time.may 与 might 的用法表示“允许”、“许可”或“要求对方许可”的意思。如：May I use it?You may sit here.She said I might use h

9、er bike.表示推测。意为“可能”、“也许”，用于谈论可能性。此时 might 并非表示过去，只是比 may 语气更不肯定，表示的可能性更小。如：Jenny may be at home.He may / might be writing a letter.【走近中考】 Is Mr Brown driving here? I m nosture. Hecome by train.A. mayB. shallC. needD.must Will you answer the telephone? Itbe your mother. Sorry, I. I m busy.A. can; mus

10、tn Bt . will; can t C. may; can t D. need; will Would you please help me with the questions? Sorry. Yougo and ask Mary. She knowthe answer.A. must; can B. can; may C. need; can D. must; may may的疑问句在肯定回答中，Yes,may.或Certainly.或Sure.都可以使用。 如： May I come in? Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Certainly. / Su

11、re.在否定回答中，通常用 No,can t.或No, mustn t.。如：一 May I go now? No, you can t. / No, you mustn t.（具 有强烈禁止的意思）【走近中考】 May I take my pet dog with me into the cinema? The rule says no. So you.A. canB. mustn t C. may通常用在祈使句中表示祝愿。如：May the friendship between us last long. 愿我们的友谊天长地 久。must 的用法must表示“必须”时，用于肯定句或疑问句，

12、表示“不许”时， 用于否定句。 must 只有现在时， 表示现在或将来的情况。如：You must be here before eight o clock.You mustn t walk on the grass. 你一定不要在草上走。【走近中考】s veryIf the traffic light is red, you cross the road. Itdangerous.A. don t B. mustn t C. needn t D.wouldn tmust的疑问句Must 【走近中考】 Must I return the magazine to you right now, S

13、andy? No, you . You may keep it until nextWednesday.A. needn t B. can t C. mustD.may表示推测时，意为“一定是”、“准是”。如：Listen! She must be crying.【走近中考】Four hundred dollars for a pair of shoes! You bejoking!A. mayB. canC. needD. mustneed 的用法 need 既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。作情态动词时与动词原形连用，一般用于疑问句和否定句。作行为动词时，后跟名词、代词和不定式，多用在肯定句

14、中。如：You needn t go there.Need he work hard?She needs to come tomorrow.shall 的用法表示征求对方的意见或请求指示，通常用于第一人称的疑问句中。如：Shall we go and play basketball? 我们去打篮球好吗？should 的用法表示责任和义务，意为“应该” 。如：You should follow your parents advice. 你应该听从父母的建议。Tom shouldn t buy the new car. 汤姆不应该买那辆新车。had better 的用法had better是情态动

15、词短语，“had better+动词原形”，意为“最好”。如：You d better go to school at once.You d better not put your bike here.【走近中考】It seems that it is going to rain. You dbetter thewindows open when you leave the house.A. not leave B. leaveC. not to leave D. toleave动词的时态 一般现在时 表示现在的状态或经常性的动作。动词用原形，若主语为第三人称单数，则动词用第三人称单数形式。如

16、：Mr Wang teaches English.【走近中考】 Can your father drive? Yes, and he usuallyto school.A. droveB. is driving C. drivesD.has drives 特殊用法： 在时间或条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：I ll tell her the news when she comes back.【走近中考】 He ll send us a message as soon as he in Sichuan.A. is arriving B. will arrive C. arrivedD.a

17、rrives I m sure I can make it better, if our teacher me a second chance.A. givewill giveB. gaveC. givesD.般过去时般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态或过去经常 性或 习 惯性 的 动作 。 常与 时 间状语 yesterday, yesterday morning, last week, in 2020 等连用。【走近中考】 We were in Qingdao last week andgreat fun there.A. will have B. have had C. hadD.

18、have Kevin to work in his hometown after he graduatedfrom university.A. goesB. wentC. will go D. hadgone When your mother you that blue dress,Mary? Sorry, I really can t remember.A. does; buy B. has; bought C. had; bought D. did; buy Jack, where s my small round mirror? Sorry, Betty. I it.A. breakB.

19、 brokeC. will break D.ambreaking一般将来时表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如 tomorrow, tomorrow morning, nextweek 等连用。一般将来时通常由“ will/shall+ 动词原形”构成。除此之外，还常用 be going to +动词原形表示。如：I m going to buy a grammar book this weekend.【走近中考】 Has he returned the library book yet?A. returnedreturns When When he Not

20、 yet. Don t worry. H_eit soon.B. has returned C. will return D.again?, I ll let you know.A. he comes; will comeB. will he come; will comeC. he will come; will comeD. will he come; comes现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段正在发生的事。由“ am/is/are+动词-ing形式”构成。常与时间状语 now, at the moment, this week, these days 等连用。 如：Li

21、nda is watching TV in her bedroom now.【走近中考】Don t turn on the TV. Grandma now.A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. slept D. sleeps Look! Jane s grandmother _ with some aged people in the park.A. dances B. danced C. is dancing D. was dancing Mary, could you help me? Wait a moment. I .A. read a bookB. did

22、my homeworkC. was watching TVD. am cooking dinner过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。常与时间状语at this time yesterday, at that time, atseven yesterday morning 等连用。它由“ was/were+动词-ing 形式”构成。如：My younger brother was playing computer games while I was doing my homework.【走近中考】The childrena P. E. class on the

23、playgroundwhen it suddenly began to rain.A. haveB. are having C. hadD. werehaving现在完成时现在完成时由“ have/has+过去分词”构成1. 已完成用法： 表示过去完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。常与 already, never, ever, just, yet 等时间状语连用。He has seen the film already.【走近中考】 you the film Harry Potter 5? Not yet. I ll see it this Sunday.A. Did; see B. Are

24、; seeing C. Have; seen D.Do; see China s 24th science research team atChangcheng Station on January 5, 2008. Wonderful! Our scientistsa lot in this field already.A. have arrived; improved B. arrived; has improved C. arrived; have improved2. 未完成用法： 表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。 常与since 1984, for three years, for

25、 two days 等时间状语连用。 如： Mr Wang has taught English in our school since 1984.The storm has lasted for three hours.【走近中考】How s Annie? Iher for a long time.A. don t see B. won t see C. didn t see D. haven t seen注意： 短暂性动词， 如 come, go, leave, finish, end, buy, sell, die, marry 等的完成时态不能与for two hours since

26、2000 等表示一段时间的状语连用。过去完成时过去完成时由“ had+过去分词”构成。表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去” 。如：When the doctor arrived, the patient had died.【走近中考】To my disappointment the teacher when Iat his office.A. left; had arrivedB. left; arrivedC. had left; had arrivedD. had left; arrived过去将来时 过去将来时由“ would+ 动词原形”

27、构成，表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。如：My friend Tom told me he would go to the cinema with me.非谓语动词考点一：动词不定式在句中作不同的成分 作宾语用在 want, would like, hope, plan, begin, start, need, decide, learn, choose等动词之后作宾语如： I hope to go with you.She asked to see the headmaster.【走近中考】 What s your plan for the summer

28、holiday? I ve no idea, but Id ecvideed at home and have agood rest first.A. stayB. to stayC. stayedD.staying 作宾语补足语在 want, would like, tell, ask, teach, allow 等动词后接带 to 的动 词不定式作宾语补足语。如： My parents tell me to work hard at English.【走近中考】 Tell himtomorrow, OK?A. comeB. to come C. comesD. iscoming His p

29、arents often encourage him hard.A. workB. working C. to work D. works John, my computer doesn t work. Why not ask Mr Liu it?A. to buy B. not to buyC. to check D. not tocheck感官动词 (feel, hear, see, watch 等 )和使役动词(make, let, have等 ) 的宾语补足语都不带to ，但是变为被动语态时要加上 to 。如：I saw a girl come into the office with

30、out knocking. fA girl was seen to come into the office without knocking.【走近中考】 How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up? It makes mevery proud.A. feltB. to feel C. feelingD. feel Mary was heard just now. What happened? 在感官动词后，也可以用动词的 ing 形式作宾语补足语，但 John was telling a joke. A. cryB. to

31、crylaughC. laughD.to是含义略有不同。要表示动作的进行，用动词的 ing 形式；但当要表示动作的全过程或经常性的动作时， 要用不带 to 的 不定式。如：I saw him crossing the road.We often hear her sing in the room.注意： help 后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，有 to 无 to 均可。作状语作目的状语：go/come + to do sth.如： He ran over towelcome us.【走近中考】Many Chinese teenagers dream that they can go to B

32、eijing the Olympic Games this summer.A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. watching 作原因状语：be sorry/happy/glad to do sth.如： I am happy to have such a nice friend like you.【走近中考】 She was surprised me last night.A. to see B. seeC. saw My brother is ill in hospital. I m sorr_ythat.A. hearB. hearingC. heard

33、D. tohear 作定语 动词不定式作定语时，要放在被修饰词的后面。如： I have nothing to say on this question. I have lots of homework to do.如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，并与所修饰词存在动宾关系时，要添加适当的介词。如： I have a few pieces of music to listen to. 作主语动词不定式作主语， 为了避免头重脚轻， 常用 it 作形式主语， 而把不定式放在句末。如：It is hard to work out the problem.【走近中考】 It took her hal

34、f an hour the Water Park bybus last Sunday.A. gets to B. get toC. to get to D. gettingto It s dangerous for you that tall tree.A. climbB. to climbC. climbingD.climbed考点二： “疑问词 +动词不定式”的用法在句中可作主语、宾语和表语等。For Grandpa Wang, how to use a computer is a problem.I don t know how to do it.The problem is how t

35、o get there.【走近中考】A. watching Some children are arguing about what TV programmes.B. for watching C. to watch D. willwatch We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I ll call Wendy to make sure.A. why to start B. when to start C. what to start D. which to startThe young soldier really doesn t know to stop

36、thebaby crying hard.A. what to do B. how to do C. when to do D. where to do考点三：动词不定式和动名词作宾语时的用法通常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有： consider, enjoy, finish, mind, practice, feel like, give up, look forward to 等。【走近中考】 I enjoy my bike in the mountains. It s notalways easy, but exciting.A. rideB. rodeC. to ride D. ridin

37、g Linda, when shall we take a walk? After I finish the dishes.A. washB. washedC. to wash D.washing We practiced （唱） English songs for one and ahalf hours today.有些动词既可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语，但是意义区别比较明显。如：接动词不定式的意义接动名词的意义forget 忘记要做某事忘记曾经做过某事remember 记得要去做某事 记得做过某事stop 停下来去做另一件事停止正在做的事try 努力去做某事 试着去做某事go on 接

38、着做另一件事 继续做同一件事【走近中考】 The boys of Class Two are going to the seaside this weekend. Ur, remember them in the sea alone. It sdangerous.A. to tell; not to swimB. telling; swimmingC. to tell; swimmingD. telling; to not swim If you feel tired, you may stopA. have a rest B. to have a rest C. having a rest短

39、语动词初中生应该掌握的常用短语动词如下： 动词 +介词： agree with 同意； arrive in (at) / get to 到达； begin/start with 以开始；belong to 属于；deal/do with 处置，对付；feel like想要；hear from 收到的来信；get on/off上/下车；knockat/on 敲(门窗)；laugh at 嘲笑；listen to 听；learn from 向学习； leave for 前往； look after 照顾； look at 看； look for 寻找； look like 看起来像； look t

40、hrough 浏览； pay for 付钱； point at 指向；shout at 对大喊；talk about 谈论；thinkabout/of 考虑，想起； wait for 等候 动词 +副词：call up 打电话； cheer up 使振奋； clean up 清除； eat up 吃光； fix up 修理； get over 克服； get back 回来； give away 赠送； give back 归还； give up 放弃； hand in 上交； hand out 分发； look out 注意，小心； look up 查询； pick up 拾起； put a

41、way 放好； put down 放下； put off 推迟； put on 穿戴； put up 举 起；send up 发射；set off 由发；set up建立； show off 炫耀； show up 露面； take away 取走； take down 拿下； take off 起 飞， 脱掉； think over 考虑； try on 试穿； turn on 打开； turn off 关闭； turn up 调大； turn down 调小； wake up 唤醒； work out 解出； cut down 砍倒； find out 查明； move away 搬走；

42、sell out 卖完； stay up 熬夜； wear out 穿坏； write down 写下 动词 +副词 /名词 /代词+介词：catch up with 赶上； come up with 提由；do well in 在做得好；get on/along with 与相处； go on with 继续； helpyourself to 随便吃； have a look at 看一眼； have a word with 与交谈；look forward to 盼望； make friends with 与交朋友； pay attention to 注意；play jokes on 开的

43、玩笑；run out of 用完； take care of 照顾； take part in 参加； work hard at 努力学习【走近中考】The plane from Shanghai to Paris will in an hour.A. take upoffB. take awayC. take outD. take I ve all the photos in the drawer, but I stillcan t find the one you need.A. opened up B. given away C. handed out D. looked through

44、 Could you tell me what time the train leaves Hefei for Beijing? I m afraid you need toon the Internet.A. look for it B. look at it C. look it over D.look it up Let s plan a surprise for our class. What s your idea? Why not a short play?A. get on B. keep onC. have on D. put on Tom a piece of waste p

45、aper, and put it into therubbish bag.A. put away B. threw away C. stood up D. picked up Work hard, or you will others. OK, I ll try my best.B. fall overC. fall behindD.fallA. fall off down【模拟试题】 （答题时间： 120 分钟）情态动词1. Susan be here now because she has just gone to NewYork.A. mustn t B. can t C. needn

46、t D. may not2. Hello! I speak to Mr Green, please? I vegotsomething important to tell him.A. MustB. NeedC. Would D. May3. Where is my umbrella? May I take it with me, Mum? It s fine today. Yo_utake it with you.A. can tB. needn t C. mustn t D.should4. Will your sister go to see this film this evening

47、? I m not sure. Sh_e. She says there s an interesting TVplay on TV tonight.A. may not B. can t C. mustn t D. needn t5. Our class won the English speaking contest. Congratulations! Yoube very proud of it.A. canB. needC. wouldD. must6. That T-shirt with Lebron James picture on it belong to Jack. He li

48、kes Lebron James very much. No, it be his. He doesn t like blac-kshTirts.A. must; neednB.t must; can t C. must; mustn D.tcan; mustn t7. Don trun or shout in the reading room. If you do, you leave.A. mustB. have toC. will have to D.can t8. Andy, will you answer the telephone? It beyour father. Sorry,

49、 I . I m having a shower.A. can; mustn Bt . will; can tC. may; can Dt. need; will9. I come back before 11:00? No, you. But yoube back later thanlunch-time.A. Must; needn t; can t B. Can; can t; mayC. Need; mustn t; mustD. May; needn t; can10. Excuse me, how can I get to the railway station? Turn lef

50、t and then follow your nose. You miss it!A. mustn t B. shouldn t C. can t D. needn t11. I like the party so much, but I go home. It s toolate. What a pity!A. mustn t B. have toC. mayD.can t12. Amy, you sing English songs? Yes, I like them very much. I want to join the Singing Club.A. canB. should C.

51、 mustD. need Yes, you13. Might I call you by the first name?. It doesn t matter at all in our country.A. willB. couldC. mightD. may14. Hey, boy!15. A. MustB. CanC. NeedD.We should keep the school clean. You throw litter about. Sorry, I won t do that again.A. mustn t B. needn t C. couldn t D. may not

52、you help me? I can t find my keys. Yes. It s a pleasure.Should16. Look! It be Simon on the playground. Itbe him. Because I saw him enter the schoollibrary just now.A. may; mustn Bt . can; can t C. must; mustnD.tmust; can t17. Whose guitar is this? It Kitty. She plays the guitar.A. can belong to B. m

53、ight be C. might belong to D. must be18. Could I borrow your mobile phone? I want to call the police. Yes, of course you.A. mustB. needC. canD. will19. It nsearly seven o clock.Jack be back home at thismoment.A. mustB. needC. couldD.can20. You ask her to go there with you. I m sure shewon t refuse y

54、ou because she has an eye for you （欣赏你） A. mustB. needC. shallD.could动词的时态1. What did you do after school yesterday? I basketball with my friends.A. playB. played C. will play D. amplaying2. It s raining! When did it start? I don t know exactly. In fact, it all thisafternoon.A. lastsB. lastedC. has lasted D.will last3. In the past few years there great chang