高考英语阅读之猜测词义

1、墙角数枝墙角数枝槑槑（梅），凌寒独自开，（梅），凌寒独自开，遥赞它是雪，遥赞它是雪， 只能说你只能说你呆呆。If you come across new words when reading, What will you do ?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryChina will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang said on Saturday.The total eclipse will

2、last up to six minutes, and it is the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said.Guess the meaning 2013年江苏高考考试说明中关于阅读理解年江苏高考考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求的要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志及各类章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志及各类媒体中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问媒体中关于一般性话题的简短文

3、章并回答相关问题。考生应能：题。考生应能：、理解语篇主旨要义；、理解语篇主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；、根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；、根据文中事实和线索作出简单判断和推理、根据文中事实和线索作出简单判断和推理、理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系；、理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系；、理解作者的观点、意图和态度、理解作者的观点、意图和态度。 7、提炼文章提纲、概括主要内容、理解关键、提炼文章提纲、概括主要内容、理解关键信信 息息抓主旨抓主旨明细节明细节猜词义猜词义做推断做推断猜测词义猜测词义 读懂文章读懂文章-高三英语阅读指导（阅读

4、篇）高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇） The countrys farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census (普查普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 201

5、2 statistics are completedThe 21 -year-old Best hopes his message-that this is a new time in agriculture-will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics. 62.What do the underlined words to turn around the statistics in the last paragraph mean?A.To re-analyze the result of the nationa

6、l census.B.To increase agricultural production.C.To bring down the average age of farmers.D.To invest more in agriculture.farmers are getting older the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65. the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed ： 1. The word “” re

7、fers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. .Word Formation 构词法构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分

8、，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。super- (超超) mini- (极小的极小的, 微小的微小的)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的） re- （再，反复）（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）（误，恶） im-（不）（不） un-（不，非）（不，非） in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非） -able（能

9、（能的的 ） -less（不，无）（不，无） -wards (向向) Mary, of course you are overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse , you excercise infrequently.“Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share little about their innermost feelings.” 罕见的，罕见的， 不常发生的不常发生的内心深处的内心深处的 With their shin

10、ing brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的Down-to-earth s spirit it is s a necessitssity. S Sharp words s from a teacher can us sually b

11、rining a day-dreamining s student down-to-earth. 不能通行的不能通行的描绘，想象描绘，想象务实的务实的?Logical relationsEx1. A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a . His uncle is a , an expert who does research on animals. The , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. We are on t

12、he - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week. 木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或定义或释义关系常由定语从句或is, be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示等词汇或破折号来表示 ；或由或由that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出引出 一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词小小 结结Ex.2 The new tax law , or replaces, the law th

13、at was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as as mother, and much shorter.替代替代丰满的丰满的Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains . John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very .污秽

14、的污秽的节约的节约的 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of . Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are . 混乱混乱 天生的天生的 由由and或或or， like ,as as, the same as等连接的两个词构成同义等连接的两个词构成同义关系；关系；表转折关系的词常有如表转折关系的词常有如but, while, howeve

15、r, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ，on the contrary等。等。小小 结结Ex3.Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very . The river is so that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的 混浊的混浊的 Since I could not afford t

16、o purchase the original painting, I bought a . An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. Hes such a businessman that he loses no money in any trade. She wanted the hairdresser to her hair a bit because it was too long. 复制品复制品 精明的精明的 修剪修剪 常用关联词常用关联词( (如如becausebecause，asas，sincesince，forfor

17、，soso，thusthus，as a resultas a result， thereforetherefore等等) )表示前因后果。表示前因后果。小小 结结Ex.4Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise , such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置The new couple bought a lot of househo

18、ld appliances , such as washing machine, fridge and microwave oven ect.Difined most broadly, folklore includes all the customes, belief and tradition that people have handed dowm from generation to generation.家电家电民俗民俗 常用常用such as, like， for example, for instance等引出例等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总

19、称词即词义出总称词即词义 。小小 结结通晓多种语言的通晓多种语言的EX.5 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch spread in ring

20、s on the surface of water. Metal when heated and when cooled. 麻药麻药波纹波纹膨胀膨胀冷缩冷缩 One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible

21、 cold. 症状症状易挥发的易挥发的 颤抖颤抖 小小 结结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。己已有的常识将生词推测出来。 因此平时因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。China will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang sa

22、id on Saturday. The total eclipse will last up to six minutes, and it is the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said.v Rainforests like the Amazon are Rainforests like the Amazon are important for important for mopping upmopping up CO COEX.6 in the publi

23、c eyeA. 公众熟悉的公众熟悉的, ,出名的出名的Tips: in public在公众场合在公众场合 the public大众大众 eye眼睛眼睛GuessB. 在群众的眼里在群众的眼里 C. 公开的公开的 D. 令人眼热的令人眼热的in publicJane is usually Jane is usually promptprompt. . A A l a t e Bl a t e B o n t i m e o n t i m e C Cpleasedpleased Jane is usually prompt for her classesJane is usually promp

24、t for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class.adj.敏捷的敏捷的, 迅速的迅速的, 即时的即时的adv.准时地准时地 小小 结结所谓所谓“词不离句，句不离章词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。猜测生词义或句意时，景。猜测生词义或句意时， 一定要认真一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，进行合读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。含在

25、其中的深意。 The ashes of the Great Wall are falling down。 I think the Great wall is now like an 80 years old man. In some places it is still standing, but really unless there is some good medicine, most of it wont be standing in the next fifty or one hundred years.A.If people dont take medicine, the Grea

26、t Wall will fall down.B. The Great Wall is like an 80 year-old man, who needs medical care.C. We must take some measures to protect the Great Wall, or most of the Great Wall will break down in 50 or 100 yearsD. The Great Wall is falling down, and it will disappear in the future. But its a two-way st

27、reet. I just heard about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Bangalore to train in software. Meanwhile, all the Indian IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China. What does the writer mean by “its a two way street”?What does the writer mean by “its a two way street”?A.China

28、and India have different traffic rules.B. Tea trade works wanders in both India and ChinaC. Chinese products are popular in both China and IndiaD. The exchanges between India and China benefit bothD1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山雪山 B. 树

29、枝树枝 C. 冰河冰河 D. 冰冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 小试身手3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用租用

30、 B. 借出借出 C. 购买购买 D. 参观参观 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的爱猫的 B. 古怪的古怪

31、的 C. 闲不住闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者动物保护主义者 6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士便士 B. 温饱温饱 C. 非常贫困非常贫困 D. 虚弱虚弱 10. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more

32、 money than yours.” Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the iceb

33、ergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean?A. eat B. get C. sell D. buyB A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is

34、 also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _ in this text.A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame DThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he

35、was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. BMy first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for li