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1、1flowerflowers找规律找规律book books2可数名词的复数变化规则可数名词的复数变化规则:1.可数名词复数的规则变化:(1)一般情况加词尾-s,如book-books,desk-desks等。teacher-teachersdoctordoctors3watchesboxesbusesbrushes4(2)以sh,ch,x,s等结尾的名词,通常加词尾-es:bus-buses,box-boxes,dish-dishes,match-matches(比赛),watch-watches等。5找规律找规律tomatoespotatoesheroesnegroes6radiospho
2、tos找规律找规律zoospianos7negro(黑人);hero(英雄)-heroes;potato-potatoes;tomato-tomatoes;黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆西红柿黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆西红柿radio-radiosphoto-photospiano-pianos3) 以以“o o” 结尾,有生命加结尾,有生命加 es, es, 没生命加没生命加“s s ”8Practice:Therearemany(bus)and(car)onthestreet.Ihavetwo(watch),soIgivea(watch)tomysister.YesterdayIwenttothesuperm
3、arketandboughtsome(dish)carsbuseswatcheswatchdishes9factoriesbaby babies factory104)以y结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将y改为ies;如:city-cities,baby-babies以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s:如:toy/toys,holiday/holidays等。11leafwolfwolvesleavesknifeknives12 记住以下要把记住以下要把f或者或者fe改成改成v加加es的单词:的单词:5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:a.以f,fe
4、结尾变f/fe为v再加es的有:小偷之妻生活难,自己扫叶来做饭;小偷之妻生活难,自己扫叶来做饭;忽见一狼藏架后,取刀把它劈两半。忽见一狼藏架后,取刀把它劈两半。如:thief-thieveswife-wiveslife-livesselfselvesleaf-leaveswolf-wolvesshelf-shelvesknife-kniveshalf-halves重点但但roof-roofs(屋顶屋顶)是例外!是例外!13Weneedmore(potato),canyougoandtakesome,please?(Knife)areusedforcuttingthings.Pleasereme
5、mbergivethehorsesometree(leaf).potatoesKnivesnewsleaves14-Howmany_inthehospital?-30A.mandoctorsB.mendoctorC.mendoctorsD.mandoctor15名词的考点名词的考点可数不可数名词可数不可数名词名词所有格名词所有格可数名词变复数可数名词变复数不可数名词的使用规不可数名词的使用规则则考点:三不规16不规则的变化不规则的变化: 英语中,有些名词的英语中,有些名词的单数与复数同行单数与复数同行:例:例:people、Chinese、Japanese、police fish 、 deer
6、(鹿)、(鹿)、 sheep(绵羊)(绵羊)(中国人和日本人都喜欢绵羊,鹿和鱼)中国人和日本人都喜欢绵羊,鹿和鱼)e.g: There are many fish in the river. We have a fish for lunch.17deersheepdeer,sheep,fish ,li,jin,yuan , mu ,Japanese ,Chinese等的单复数同形等的单复数同形.Yuan 18dollarsmeterspounds 19(7)单词中有oo的变复数时把oo变成eetooth / teeth 牙齿牙齿foot / feet 脚脚 goose / geese 鹅鹅20
7、注意:注意:1、一些以man,woman结尾的合成词,在构成复数时与man,woman的变化形式相同,如:policeman / policemen(警察),Police单复同形Englishman / Englishmen(英国人),Frenchman/ Frenchmen(法国人)German/Germans21“某国人某国人”的复数有三种类型:的复数有三种类型:Chinese、Japanese 的单复数同型,不需要的单复数同型,不需要加加“s”;Englishman、Frenchman ,复数要把,复数要把“man”变为变为“men”;注意:注意:German是是Germans!3.其他
8、各国人以其他各国人以an、ian 结尾的均直接加结尾的均直接加“s”:如如Americans、Australians 、Indians22国籍国籍总称(谓语用复数)总称(谓语用复数)单数单数复数复数中国人中国人the Chinesethe Chinesea Chinesea Chinese two Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人瑞士人the Swissthe Swissa Swissa Swisstwo Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人澳大利亚人the Australiansthe Australians an Australianan Australiantwo Austr
9、alianstwo Australians俄国人俄国人the Russiansthe Russiansa Russiana Russiantwo Russianstwo Russians意大利人意大利人the Italiansthe Italiansan Italianan Italiantwo Italianstwo Italians希腊人希腊人the Greekthe Greeka Greeka Greektwo Greekstwo Greeks法国人法国人the Frenchthe Frencha Frenchmana Frenchmantwo Frenchmentwo Frenchme
10、n日本人日本人the Japanesethe Japanesea Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanesetwo Japanese美国人美国人the Americansthe Americansan Americanan Americantwo Americanstwo Americans印度人印度人the Indiansthe Indiansan Indianan Indiantwo Indianstwo Indians加拿大人加拿大人the Canadiansthe Canadiansa Canadiana Canadiantwo Canadianstwo Canadi
11、ans德国人德国人the Germansthe Germansa Germansa Germanstwo Germanstwo Germans英国人英国人the Englishthe Englishan Englishmanan Englishmantwo Englishmentwo Englishmen瑞典人瑞典人the Swedishthe Swedisha Swedea Swedetwo Swedestwo Swedes23名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化有的名词单数变复数时,没有一定的规则,需特别记忆:man / men 男人男人 woman / women 女人女人child
12、 / children 小孩小孩 mouse / mice 老老鼠鼠 ox / oxen 公牛公牛24不规则变化不规则变化child-childrenwoman-womenman-mengoose-geesemouse - micefoot -feet25注意注意:复合名词变复数通常是将其主要名词变为复数:passer-by/passers-by过路人looker-on/lookers-on旁观者girlstudentsboyplayers若没有主要名词,则通常在最后一个词尾加s:26注意:注意: 与与man、woman两个词组成的复合词,名词两个词组成的复合词,名词本身和这个词都要变成复数。
13、本身和这个词都要变成复数。如:如:Woman doctor/ women doctorsMan worker/ men workersMan driver/ men driversgirl student/girl studentsboy player/ boy players27与众不同与众不同scissors shoespantsglasseschopsticks 这样的名词只有复数形式28不可数名词常见的不可数名词.drink-coffee,milk,tea2.food-rice,bread,meatporridge,tofu,3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter4.we
14、ather-rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass,plastic6.English,Chinese,Japanese,French,German7.history,maths,science,physics,biology,PE,music,art8.help,confidence,courage,success,danger,safe9.work,homework,teamwork,news,money,advice物质名词(如: water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)29 通过通过
15、改变量词形式改变量词形式的的方法来方法来表示不可数名词的量表示不可数名词的量 a bottle of milk-two bottles of milk a piece of meat-three pieces of meat不可数名词没有复数形式不可数名词没有复数形式可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词一些一些some/anysome/anyfew/afewlittle/alittle许多许多alotof/lotsof/plentyofalotof/lotsof/plentyofmanymuch30a bottle of juicea
16、 glass of orangetwo boxes of milk不可数名词不可数名词31既可做不可数名词,又可做可数名词的:既可做不可数名词,又可做可数名词的: 不可数名词不可数名词 可数名词可数名词 paper 纸 a paper glass 玻璃 a glass iron 铁 a iron room 空间 a room chicken 鸡肉 a chicken beauty 美 a beauty一张报纸一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个熨斗一个房间一个房间一只小鸡一只小鸡一个美人一个美人32名词的所有格名词的所有格33名词的所有格名词的所有格 单数的名词所有格单数的名词所有格 Mi
17、kes bag the boys knife2.在在词尾有词尾有-S的复数名词的复数名词所有格所有格,只在词尾加只在词尾加,读音与名词变复数同读音与名词变复数同 the students books the teachers office 3.不规则名词不规则名词复数复数的所有格的所有格,即词尾不是以即词尾不是以-s结尾的单词结尾的单词,在词后在词后 加加s , 如如: Womens Day mens clothes shop4.如果事物为如果事物为 2人或人或2人以上共同所有,在最后一个名词后加人以上共同所有,在最后一个名词后加-s; 珍妮和海伦的房间珍妮和海伦的房间 Jenny and H
18、elens roomJennys and Helens rooms5.如果事物不是如果事物不是 2人或人或2人共同所有,而是分别有的人共同所有,而是分别有的,则在则在 2个名词个名词 后都加后都加-s 珍妮的房间和海伦的房间珍妮的房间和海伦的房间1.有生命的东西有生命的东西所有格用所有格用s 的形式的形式348.无生命的东西无生命的东西一般用一般用“ of +名词名词”的形式表示其所有格的形式表示其所有格the door of the room the wall of the park6. 有些表示有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等的等无生无生 命命的东西的东
19、西,也可以加也可以加 -s 构成所有格构成所有格 2小时路程小时路程 北京最好的公园北京最好的公园 今日报纸今日报纸 车站休息室车站休息室two hours walkBeijings best parktodays newspaper the stations waiting-room at my uncles = at my uncles home at a tailors = at a tailors shop9.表示类别的名词作定语,不用所有格表示类别的名词作定语,不用所有格 a silk hat cotton clotha coffee cup7. 表示某人的表示某人的家、店铺、诊所家
20、、店铺、诊所时,常时,常省略省略所有格所有格 后面的后面的名词名词(3)双重所有格)双重所有格a friend of my fathers 35 my teachers office students exercise booksChildrens Palace todays newspaper15 minutes walk = a 15-minute walk at the butchers = at the butchers shop to Toms = to Toms house 1 我老师的办公室我老师的办公室2 学生们学生们 的练习本的练习本3 少年宫少年宫4 今天的报纸今天的报纸5
21、 十五分钟的路程十五分钟的路程6 在肉店在肉店7 到汤姆家去到汤姆家去名词的所有格名词的所有格 Practice 368 广东的省会广东的省会9 教室的门教室的门10 我父亲的一个朋友我父亲的一个朋友11 他的两个兄弟他的两个兄弟12 爱迪生的一些发明爱迪生的一些发明the capital of Guangdongthe doors of the classrooma friend of my father (s)two brothers of hissome inventions of Edisons37主谓一致主谓一致当当class, family, team, group, public
22、 class, family, team, group, public 等集体名词做主语等集体名词做主语时,如果看成一个整体,动词就用单数;看成一个个时,如果看成一个整体,动词就用单数;看成一个个具体成员时,就用复数。具体成员时,就用复数。e.g The class e.g The class are are waiting for her. waiting for her. Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ film fans Toms family _ film fans. . is are2
23、.news, maths, politics 2.news, maths, politics 表示单数意义,动词用单数。表示单数意义,动词用单数。e.g The news e.g The news makesmakes her very happy.her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him. Maths _ not easy for him. is383. 3. 像像 chopsticks, shoes, glasses, chopsticks, shoes, glasses, trouserstrousers等表示复数含义的词,动词用复数。等表示复数含
24、义的词,动词用复数。e.g The shoes e.g The shoes are are hers.hers. 但是但是: : A pair ofA pair of glasses _ on the table. glasses _ on the table. Two pairs ofTwo pairs of glasses _ on the table.glasses _ on the table. is are4. police, people(4. police, people(人们人们), youth(), youth(青年们青年们) ) 只有单数形式,只有单数形式,但表示复数意义,
25、动词用复数。但表示复数意义,动词用复数。e.g The police e.g The police areare gathering in the street. gathering in the street. The Chinese people _ peace. The Chinese people _ peace. love但是: people当“民族”,youth当“男青年”讲时,有单复数之分 e.g He e.g He is is a youth of 20.a youth of 20. Many English-speaking people Many English-speak
26、ing peoples s _ this book._ this book. like395.5. 像像deerdeer、sheepsheep等单复同形的词,动词单复根据等单复同形的词,动词单复根据 具体情况定具体情况定e.g A deer is over there in the field. e.g A deer is over there in the field. A group of deer _ over there in the field. A group of deer _ over there in the field. areare6.6. The poet and mu
27、sician _ at the party. The poet and musician _ at the party. The singer and dancer _ just arrived. The singer and dancer _ just arrived. The bread and the butter _ ready. The bread and the butter _ ready. Bread and butter Bread and butter _ her usual breakfast. _ her usual breakfast. 涂了黄油的面包涂了黄油的面包
28、was has are is408.8. Both Both and and 的谓语动词用复数形式。的谓语动词用复数形式。e.g. Both he and his father _ there.e.g. Both he and his father _ there. were7. 7. 采取就近一致原则的句型结构:采取就近一致原则的句型结构: There be There be e.g. There _ a book and two apples on the desk.e.g. There _ a book and two apples on the desk. not onlybut al
29、sonot onlybut also e.g Not only you but also he _ right.e.g Not only you but also he _ right. eitheror eitheror e.g Either he or I _ wrong.e.g Either he or I _ wrong. neithernor neithernor e.g Neither she nor I _ right. e.g Neither she nor I _ right. is is am am表示时间、距离表示时间、距离 、金额、度量、书名、国名等的、金额、度量、书名
30、、国名等的 复数名词,看作整体,动词用单数复数名词,看作整体,动词用单数。 e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you .e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you . Ten dollars _ too much to pay. Ten dollars _ too much to pay. is is 41 10. each + 10. each + 单数名词单数名词 + and + each + + and + each + 单数名词单数名词 every +every +单数名词单数名词 + and +every
31、+ + and +every + 单数名词单数名词 no +no +单数名词单数名词 + and + no + + and + no + 单数名词单数名词 each of + each of + 复数名词复数名词 one of + one of + 复数名词复数名词many a + many a + 单数名词单数名词every / each +every / each +单数名词单数名词+ and + + and + 单数名词单数名词 等结构做主语时,动词用等结构做主语时,动词用单数单数。 e.g.e.g. Each boy and each girl _ seen the film. Eac
32、h boy and each girl _ seen the film. No teacher and no student No teacher and no student _ come yet._ come yet. Every knife, fork , and spoon _ to be bought. Every knife, fork , and spoon _ to be bought. Each of the students _ a dictionary. Each of the students _ a dictionary. hashas has has42n名词的变化
33、名词的变化43看我看我“七十二七十二变变”friendfriendlylovelovely常具有赞美的意味常具有赞美的意味 carehelpcolorful44cloudsun windrainhealthy表示充满表示充满的的dangerous具有具有的性质的性质carehopeless没有没有的的45wood-woodenwool-woolenChina-Chinese ChineseJapan-Japanese Japanese Australia-Australian English形容词形容词46练习:练习:说出下列单词的单数或复数形式friendcattreessquestions
34、skeystoysphotostomatoespotatoesleaf /leaveszoosradiosholidaysbaby/babiescity/citiesroofsbusesboxes47指点迷津指点迷津 Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me.Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me. A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed.A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed. The number of the students in
35、 our school _(is ,are) The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) 2,000.2,000. The woman with two children _( is ,are ) coming The woman with two children _( is ,are ) coming here.here. Neither he nor I _(are, am ) an American.Neither he nor I _(are, am ) an American.is isis isis isis isama
36、m48指点迷津指点迷津6. Maths _(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.6. Maths _(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.7. They are all _( woman, teachers ; 7. They are all _( woman, teachers ; women teachers).women teachers).8. The population of China _(are, is ) over 8. The population of China _(are, is ) over 1
37、,300,000,000.1,300,000,000.9. There are many _(peoples,people )in the street in 9. There are many _(peoples,people )in the street in summer.summer.10. One of the students _(have, has) gone to 10. One of the students _(have, has) gone to Shanghai.Shanghai.is isis iswomen teacherswomen teacherspeoplep
38、eoplehashas49 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here? Not very farIts about twenty walk. Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. A.people B. person C. child 4. Most students can go to co
39、llege for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes C C A A B( ) 6. This is not my cap, but my _. A. brothersB. brothersC. brothers D. brother ( )7.They write most of their_ in English. A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters ( ) 8. _are_for cutting things. A. Knife, used B. Knives, using C. Knife, using D. Knives, used ( ) 9. John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of sho
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