(汉英翻译)第九讲 连动式和兼语式的翻译

1、第九讲连动式和兼语式的翻译 一、连动式的译法汉语连动式的特点是： 两个或两个以上的动词与同一个主语发生主谓关系。连动式的这两个或两个以上的动词所表示的动作、行为，在顺序上不能变动。 连动式的动词之间虽然没有关联词语，但在意义上却有一定的关系：有的表示目的与手段，有的表示原因与结果，有的只表示行为动作的先后。因此，在翻译连动式时，首先根据英语的特点，将表示主从关系的连动式的主要动词翻译成英语的谓语，将其他动词翻译成不定式、分词、介词或介词短语。如果连动式里的几个动词只表示动作先后关系，则按照动作发生的先后，翻译成几个并列的谓语动词。一、表示先后关系的连动式通常将几个动词译成谓语动词，按照原文的次

2、序，用and 加以连接。这是翻译连动式的最基本的方法。1、他把书接过来摆在桌子上。 He took the book and laid it on the desk.2. 这个军官放下杯子站了起来。 The officer put down his glass and stood up.3. 他打开抽屉拿出词典来。 Opening the drawer, he took out a dictionary.4. 他到火车站发现火车已经开走了。 Arriving at the station, he found that the train had left.5. 她备好了课开始写日记。 Havi

3、ng prepared her lessons, she began to write up her diary.表示动作先后的连动式，第一个动词也可用分词结构来翻译。如：二、表示“手段、目的”关系的连动式，翻译 时通常是把前一个动词，即表示手段的词翻译成谓语，而后一个动词即表示目的的词，则用不定式译成目的状语。1. 老汉下意识地举起手来搔他那光秃秃的头顶。 The old man involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his bald head.2. 去年我和弟弟回乡去看朋友。 Last year I went home with my broth

4、er to visit our friends.3. 他到班长那里请了个假。 He went to the squad leader to ask for a leave. 在表示目的、手段的连动中，第二个动词有时也可以用含目的的介词来翻译。1. 他回房间去取钥匙。 He went back to his room for the key.2. 这年头，谁敢下乡去收租米？ Who dares go down into the villages for rent these days?三、有些连动式，前一个动作表示后一个动作的方式、状态，两者形成主从关系。在翻译时，通常把后一个动作用限定动词译成

5、谓语，前一个动作译成分词或介词短语。如：1. 他们热烈鼓掌欢迎来宾。 They welcomed the guests with warm applause.2. 不久，他捧着那本书回来了。 Very soon he came back, holding that book in his hand.3. 她已经洗完了衣服，坐在小溪边的石头上撩起布衫揩脸上的汗。 She had already finished washing. Seated on a stone beside the stream, she wiped her perspiring face with her tunic. 但

6、是，连动式的翻译要根据英语习惯，灵活掌握，有时也可以用其他方法。例如:1. 他站在门口笑。 He stood at the door, grinning.*如果翻译成 “she grinned , standing at the door”就不合乎习惯。2. 人民起来反抗压迫。 The people rose against oppression.3. 我们应当起来捍卫真理。 We should come forward in defense of truth.练习：翻译下列句，注意连动式谓语的译法。1、他拉过一把椅子放在客人的后面。2、第二天早上，他到镇上借钱买茶叶。3、他解开大襟上的纽扣，

7、又抓着衣角扇了几下，站起来回家去。4、她抱住女儿的头痛哭着。5、她腋下夹着几本书回来了。6、我要带着孩子到街上走走。7、暑假里他乘火车到西安去参观。8、他打发儿子到城里去买些酒来。 二、 兼语式的译法 兼语式语句的句法特点： 谓语有两个动词，前一个动词的宾语又 是后一个动词的主语，前后两个动词不共一个主语。翻译方法翻译方法：一、 按英语的SVOC句型把兼语的第二个动词转化成英语的宾语补足语。 当兼语式的第一个动词是 “使、让、叫、请、劝、派、要求、迫使、号召、鼓励、禁止”等时，译成英语后，很多情况下，其宾语补足语是有动词不定式来充当的。如：1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty h

8、elps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.2. 我们都劝他戒烟。 We all advised him to give up smoking. 有时英语的宾语补足语也可由介词来充当。如:1. 他迫使对方处于守势。 He drove his opponent into a defensive position.2. 解放前环境迫使他行乞。 Before liberation circumstances forced him into begging.3. 地震使所有的房子都成了废墟。 The earthquake r

9、educed all the houses to ruins. 1. 党是能够领导农民走上社会主义道路的。 The party is capable of leading the peasants along the socialist road.2. 检票员领他到座位上。 The usher took him to his seat.兼语式的第一个动词如果是 “领导、率领、组织”等词语，第二个动词只能翻译成介词短语，才符合英语习惯。如：3. 他们组织工人参加了工会。 They have organized the workers into trade unions. 在翻译这类兼语式时，宾语

10、补足语有时还可以用形容词、副词或分词。如:1. 你妈妈叫你马上回去。You mother wants you back home at once.2. 我们必须使房子保持整洁。We must keep the room clean and tidy.3. 什么使你这样激动？What made you so excited?有时还可以用名词。如:1. 我们选他为区人民代表。 We elected him a deputy to the district peoples congress.2. 我们推他为领袖。 We made him our leader. 此外，兼语式的第一个动词如果是表示生理

11、上感觉的动词，也可以按照英语SVOC的句型来翻译。例如：1. 他觉得房子在摇动。 He felt the house shaking.2. 我们可以听到孩子们在外面玩。 We could hear the children at play outside.二、英语中有大量的含有“致使、促成”意义的动词，有时为了句子简洁有力，往往利用这类动词来翻译。如：1. 这真叫我吃惊！ It surprised me!2. 这会使孩子们高兴的。 That will please the children.3. 这暴行使全世界公众舆论感到震惊。 This outrage shocked the world.三

12、、有些兼语式结构出现在主语中充当句子的一个成分。这种兼语式结构只能翻译成一个以具有动词意义的名词为中心词的短语。例如：1. 党中央动员和组织边区各方面力量进行抗日赢得了全国人民的高度赞扬。 The Party Central Committees mobilization and organization of the Border Regions capacities to make war against the Japanese won high praise from the people throughout the country.2. 他支持美国占领伊拉克使得亚洲人民更加反对他的

13、政府。 His support for American occupation of Iraq has turned the Asian peoples against his government all the more.四、兼语式的第一个动词如果是 “责怪、埋怨、批评、表扬”等，往往可将第二个动词翻译成英语的状语或状语从句。如：1. 报上批评这位作家没有真实地反映生活。 Newspapers criticized the author because he failed to present a true picture of life in his works.2. 指挥员表扬他有勇气

14、。 The commander praised him for his courage.3. 他责备孩子迟迟不回家。 He reproached his child for staying out late.五、有时也可按照上下文和英语习惯灵活翻译。如:1. 我劝你还是投案自首，以求宽大处理。 Youd better surrender yourself to the police in hope of being accorded lenient treatment.2. 当局应该禁止该影片上映。 The film came under the ban of censor.练习:翻译下列句，

15、注意兼语式结构的译法。翻译下列句，注意兼语式结构的译法。1、该国政府敦促国际社会向逃到该国的难民提供人道主义救援。2、安理会决定向该地区派维和部队制止冲突升级。3、国际奥委会选定这个城市为下界奥运会的会址。4、他们认为她是全国人大代表的合适人选5、该书融学术性、知识性、趣味性于一体，并有插图照片，可供广大戏曲、影视、美术、文学、社会学和民俗学工作者参考。Ex.1:1. He drew up a chair and put it behind the guest.2. The next morning he went into town to borrow money for buying te

16、a.3. He unfastened his jacket and swung its opened edges back and forth a few minutes to fan himself.4. Then he stood up and started for home.5. Hugging her daughter, she broke down completely.6. He came back home with some books under his arm.7. Ill take my child to the street for a walk.8. He went

17、 to Xian for a visit during the summer vocation.9. He sent his son to town to buy some wine.Ex2:1. The government appealed to the world community for providing humanitarian relief aid to the refugees who fled to its country.2. The Security Council decided to send a peace-keeping force to prevent the escalation of conflicts in that area.3. The International Olympic Committee has selected this city as the site for the coming Olympic Games.4. They regard her as the right candidate for