《六篇九章白血病》ppt课件

1、第六篇 血液系统疾病 第九章白血病(Leukemia)周剑峰周剑峰学时数：学时数：3 3学时学时讲授目的和要求1.掌握急、慢性白血病的临床表现，实验室检查及诊断规范，治疗原那么2.熟习急性白血病FAB分型，结合化疗的原那么，完全缓解的概念讲授主要内容概述病因和发病机制临床表现实验室检查诊断规范鉴别诊断治疗NeutrophilBasophilEosinophilMonocytes/MacrophageStem cell Progenitor cellImmature cellMature cell Accumulation of mutations of DNA within a pluripo

2、tential stem cell or very early progenitor cell gives rise to leukemic stem cellsNormal stem cellLeukemic stem cellEtiology&Pathogenesis Environmental factors Acquired diseasesLesions to the DNAClonal expansionEnvironmental factorscause leukemiaAcute: the blood cells of acute leukemia remain in

3、an immature state, so they reproduce and accumulate very rapidly. Therefore, they need treatment immediately, otherwise the disease may be fatal within few monthsChronic: in Chronic leukemia, the blood cells eventually mature, or partially mature. But they are not “normal. They remain in the blood m

4、uch longer than normal blood cells and they can not act functional cells wellMyelogenous versus lymphocytic leukemiaIf the leukemic cells arise from myeloid pluripotential stem cells:myeloid leukemia If the leukemic cells arise from lymphocytic pluripotential stem cells:lymphocytic leukemia Leukemic

5、 hematopoiesis Normal hematopoiesis Blood test findings Anemia is a constant feature.Nucleated red cells or immature red blood cell may be present. Thrombocytopenia is nearly always present at the time of diagnosis.The total leukocyte counts can be high, normal or low. Immature hematopoietic cells a

6、re almost present in the bloodMarrow findingsNormal bone marrow AML marrow Cytogenetic findingsDiagnosis & Classification Morphology : the bone marrow cells are evaluated according to their size,shape, and content of granules and then they are classified with respected to maturityCytochemistry s

7、taining: identification of the chemical components of cells is conducted to distinguish different types of leukemia. Cytochemistry often use special colored dyes Acute leukemiaAMLALLP142 (CD tables)A lot of CD provides clues for the diagnosis Immnuophenotyping panel used in St. Jude Childrens resear

8、ch hospital U.S.A. CD13 CD33 CD19 CytoCD79a CD7 CytoCD3 AML - - - -B-ALL - - - -T-ALL - - - -By using this method of analysis, one can make a firm diagnosis in 99% of cases免疫表型分型方案T 细胞B 细胞4%B 细胞前体 CD7敏感，cCD3 特异 CD19 (敏感), cCD79a (特异)成熟T 细胞 18%前 T 细胞6%前 B-细胞 9%早期前-B 细胞 52%前-前- B 细胞 11%sIg, sIgInsert

9、table 90% of the cases with leukemia have non-randomized translocationP118 types of translocationsCML AML-M2AML-M3AML-M4AMLAML-M4E0Pseudoleukemia Myelodysplastic syndrome Nonleukemic pancytopenia Supportive cares and preparation of the patients Antileukemic therapy Therapy of the central nervous sys

10、tem Stem cell transplantationAnemia Hemorrhage Infectionof IgGChemotherapy to kill leukemia cells using strong anti-cancer drugsAcute promyelocytic Leukemia (APL): because of the small particles (procoagulants) inside the APL cell, DIC are commonly seen in this type of AMLNormal APLDifferentiation a

11、gents (all-trans retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide)Hyperleukecytosis: cause a batch of complications and should be treated using leukapheresis ( exchanging transfusion) or preinduction treatment prior to intensive chemotherapy Acute leukemia over 60 years of age is less responsive to chemotherapyStand

12、ard two-drugs therapy can be used. CR 30%Intolerant to standard therapy. Low-dose of Ara-C can be used for 14-28 daysThe CNS is a frequent sanctuary site for leukemic cells because most of the chemotherapy drugs are not able to reach the CNS. Some types of acute leukemia have tendency to be with CNS

13、 leukemia such as AML (M4, M5), ALLThe main purpose of BMT and PBSCT in cancer treatment is to make it possible for patients to receive very high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In addition, re-established normal hematopoiesis and immune system by the healthy stem cells fight against leukemia effectively. So it change the vision in the medical history that leukemia is inc