自考本科英语2unit2B

1、Unit 2text BCulture Shock-Culture Shock-The Initial StressesThe Initial Stresses1. My friend Dr . Dong had a wonderful chance to go to Seattle to present a paper at a professional meeting. Having attended my course in Intercultural Communications, he consulted me to review some of the cultural diffe

2、rences he might experience. I also gave him the phone number of a friend of mine who lived in the area. When he got back, we met to review his experience. homeupnexthomeupnext2. Dr. Dong told me that the course information had helped him. He experienced the typical stages of culture shock. He arrive

3、d expectant and happy and enjoyed his first days very much. At the medical conference, he felt quite confident of his area of research and was able to perform well in his presentation. But after a few days, he began to feel uncomfortable. His medical English was fine, but the social interaction skil

4、ls were different, and he was unsure of the cues and the communication styles.homeupnext3. He worried more and more that he was misunderstanding simple English greetings and table talk conversations. When people greeted him with, “Hi, hows it going?”He thought they had asked him “where are you going

5、?”and answered with the name of the conference hall, only to get a confused stare from them. At a western style dinner, a colleague asked, “So howre you enjoyin the States?”he thought he heard,“So how are you enjoying your steak?”and answered that he was having chicken, not beef. That time, his coll

6、eague smiled, and patiently repeated the question. At last, they both laughed at the error.homeupnext4. Such failures in understandings and communications were minor. But for Dr. Dong, they were the beginning of a sense of “cultural confusion”. By the end of the meetings, he felt a deep sense of “cu

7、ltural stress” and was worn out from having to pay attention to so many new expressions and ways of dealing with things. He felt his handshake was not as firm as Americans, found that people reacted unusually when he modestly insisted his English was not good after they complimented him, didnt know

8、how to accept dinner invitations properly and therefore missed out on going to several lunches, and so on. Eventually, he was so bewildered that he felt the full impact of “culture shock”.homeupnext5. What is culture shock and why does it occur? The term was coined about 50 years ago by a Swedish sc

9、holar. His seminal article,”Culture Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environments” has been reprinted and revised for many textbooks and magazines. He called it “the occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad”. His use of the word “disease” is a pun, because it implie

10、s that it is like an “illness” with its own “symptoms and cure”, but also that the root cause is also a feeling of “dis-”ease or unsettled uneasiness.homeupnext6. Think back on your own experience. Have you ever moved from one context to another? Many students feel this adjustment shock when they ch

11、ange from one school to another, or move from a small town to a big city.homeupnext7. The sensations one feels in new surroundings often include: Feeling like an outsider, feeling unsure of oneself or even feeling stupid; Sensing that ones language skills arent good enough, missing jokes, colloquial

12、 phrases, references to TV shows or pop songs or other cultural “insider” information; homeupnextFeeling uneasy and unsettled, irritable and increasingly short-tempered; Feeling lonely and wanting to go “home”, feeling more and more like a stranger or outcast; Feeling overwhelmed, overloaded, daydre

13、aming, staring blankly at things or even staring at nothing; Becoming more and more afraid of communicating and of making mistakes, worried, anxious.homeupnext8. These are all symptoms of initial culture shock. With a new context come new ways of doing things. Being uninitiated and unsure of what to

14、 do, people usually have a strong sense of displacement in the beginning. But the good news is that we humans are very good at adapting. Though almost all of us undergo some degree of mental stress in this period, after a few weeks or months, we learn how to “read” our new context. We become aware o

15、f the new cues, the new expectations, and the new ways of communicating. With some trials and errors, and with a lot of patience with ourselves, most of us succeed in overcoming culture shock and learn to enjoy our new context.homeupnext9. Dr. Dongs visit to the US was only three weeks long, but by

16、the end of the five-day medical conference, he was already starting to feel more confident. Sure he felt a little foolish about some of the mistakes he had made, but he quickly learned to laugh at his errors and found that his colleagues smiled with him. This broke down the barriers to communication

17、 and helped him build some good professional relationships. And after the conference, he contacted the family I had referred him to and had a very nice time visiting them. There were some new cultural surprises, but he discovered he could better understand and adapt to them.homeupnext10. By the time

18、 he returned to China, he was feeling quite positive about his American trip, and was glad for the new experiences and new skills it had given him. He had become successful in the initial period in a new culture. Though he had gone through some embarrassing culture stresses, each had proven to be a

19、valuable learning experience, and in the end had helped him overcome his culture shock.homepresent: n. 礼物 vt. 出席，提出backhomebackconsult: v. 商量，商议，请教，参考，考虑 sb (about sth) 咨询，请教； (with) sb (about / on sth) 与商议，商量（以得到许可或帮助决策） e.g.If the pain continues, consult your doctor.I expect to be consulted about

20、major issues.如果疼痛持续不消退，要请医生诊治。我认为重大问题必须找我商量。TThomebackstage: 1)时期，阶段，状态 2）程序 3）剧场 4）政界set the stage for sth. e.g.为铺平道路Thomebackexpectant: a.期待的，预期的，期望的e.g.Children with expectant faces waiting for the fireworks to beginT带着期待的表情等待烟火表演的孩子们homeminor: a. 较小的，次要的，轻微的v. minor in sth (AmE) 辅修 major 主修 e.g.

21、a minor roadWomen played a relatively minor role in the organization.T小路在这个组织中，妇女发挥着相对次要的作用。Tbackhomewear out / wear sth out： 磨薄，穿破，磨损wear yourself / sb out 使疲乏，使筋疲力尽，使厌烦e.g.He wore out two pairs of shoes last year. 去年他穿坏了两双鞋。e.g.The kids have totally worn me out.Youll wear yourself out if you carry

22、 on working so hard.孩子们简直把我烦透了。TTT你要是继续这样拼命工作，身体会吃不消的。backhomemodest: 1)些许的，不太大的（或太贵，太重要等）2）谦虚的，谦逊的e.g.Modest improvements / reforms不太显著的改进 / 改革Te.g.Shes very modest about her success.对自己的成功她非常谦虚。Tbackhomebackbewilder: v.使迷惑，使糊涂e.g.She was totally bewildered by his sudden change of mood.T他情绪突变搞得她全然不

23、知所措。homeoccur: 表偶然发生时为正式用语e.g.Police report that the accident occurred at about 9:30.警方报告说事故发生在9：30左右。Te.g.occurhappentake place词汇辨析happen: 为常用词，用于表示偶然发生的事件，亦用于由另一事件引起的事情。backhomeWhat happened when you told him the news?T你告诉他这消息时，他的反应如何？take place: 通常用于已计划，已安排或人们积极参与的事情e.g.The festival takes place i

24、n July every year.T庆祝活动在每年七月举行。backhomecoin: n. 硬币 1）创造（新词语）to coin a phrase 套用一句老话，用老话来说e.g.The term “cardboard city” was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.人们创造了cardboard这个词，用来指居住在纸板棚屋中无家可归者的居住区。Te.g.Oh, well, no news is good news, to coin a phrase.奥，常言道，没有

25、消息就是好消息。Tbackhomeseminal: a.（对以后的发展）有深远影响的，有重大意义的e.g.a seminal work / article / studyT有巨大影响的著作/文章/研究backhomerevise: v. 1)改变，修正（意见或计划）2）修改，修订（书刊，估算等）e.g.I can see I will have to revise my opinions of his abilities now.我明白我现在不得不改变对他的能力的看法了。Te.g.A revised edition of a textbookIll prepare a revised esti

26、mate for you.课本的修正版T我将为你准备一份经过修正的评估报告。Tbackhomeoccupational: 职业的e.g.Occupational healthAn occupational pension schemeT职业健康问题职业退休金计划Toccupationally adv.职业病occupationally induced diseasee.g.Tbackhometransplant: v. 1) sth (from sb / sth) (into sb / sth)移植（器官，皮肤等）2） sb / sth (from) （to ）（formal）使迁移，使移居e

27、.g.Surgeons have successfully transplanted a liver into a four-year-old boy.外科医生成功的给一个四岁的男孩移植了肝脏。Te.g.Japanese production methods have been transplanted into some British factories.T日本的生产方法已被引进到一些英国的工厂。backhomesymptom: v. 1）症状2）征兆，征候e.g.cold / flu symptom感冒 / 流感症状Te.g.The rise in inflation was just one symptom of the poor state of the economy.T通货膨胀不过是经济不景气的一个征候。backhomebackunsettled: a.不镇静的，不安的e.g.Theyre felt restless and unsettled.T他们都感到焦躁不安。homebackcontext: n.(事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉e.g.His decision can only be understood on context.T只有了解来龙去脉才能明白他的决定。homesensation: n. 1)感觉，知觉e.g.a burnin