书面表达的指导人教四年制版

1、书面表达的指导一. 本周教学内容本周我们将进行写作训练：书面表达的指导书面表达是外语学习中的一种综合练习或测试形式。这类试题主要考查学生运用所学词汇、语法、句型等进行遣词造句，组句成文的能力。要求学生在有提示的条件下，能写出意思连贯、符合英、美人士交际习惯，无严重语法错误的英语短文或回答所提问题。二. 写作指导书面表达1. 考查重点（1）以句型为中心：在平时学习英语的过程中注意积累各种句型，学会正确运用。可采取Repetition（重复）Substitution（替换）Imitation（模仿）Creation（创新）的方法（2）以词汇为基础：词汇应放在句型中学习。要注意一词多义及兼类词的使用

2、。（3）以语法为结构：语法是大多数人们的表达习惯，我们必须遵守。句型，词汇和语法之间的关系好比盖房子，句型相当于框架，词汇相当于材料，语法相当于设计图。2. 解题技巧（1）定内容（2）定语法（3）定句型（4）定词语3. 常见题型综览近几年全国各地的命题方式，大致有以下几种：（1）综合填空：根据图画，表格，文字材料填词（2）看图写话：看图回答问题，看图组句和看图作文（3）根据文字提示写短文（4）应用文：书信，日记，便条，通知，贺卡等4. 练习题一：看图写话。词数：60个左右。（每一幅图都要用上）写作提示：仔细识图，弄清每一幅图画的内容，4幅图画表达了一个完整的小故事。编写时一定要注意故事的连贯性

3、和完整性。这个故事最好用过去时叙述。题二：根据提示，写一篇60个词左右的短文。林涛非常喜欢旅游。去年他和同学们去了香港，在那里他们（1）Lin Tao , travel . （2）last year , Hong Kong , classmates （3）meet , foreign people , try , talk , English（4）happy , understand（5）decide , study hard , back , school （2001年北京中考卷试题）写作提示：根据提供的词汇，短文的轮廓已基本确定，不必增添其他内容，应当注意的是，除第一句用一般现在时外，其余

4、部分宜用过去时。题三：写一页日记，记下你在今年五月一日的活动。要求内容切题，意思连贯。词数不少于50个，标点符号不算词数。 （2001年上海中考卷试题）写作提示：因词数限制，不能写太多内容，只要写出节日公园的一般景象即可。叙述白天发生的事，应当用过去时。如果日记开头的日期、星期、天气没有预先给出，你也可以写在正文上面的一行中。范文：题一It started to rain and the wind was blowing hard . Chen Ming was going to bed . Suddenly she thought that the windows of her classr

5、oom were still open . She put on her clothes and ran to the school . She closed all the windows quickly . When she finished it and went home , she found she was wet all over . 题二Lin Tao likes travel very much . Last year he went to Hong Kong with some of his classmates . They met a lot of foreigners

6、 there . He tried to talk with them in English .He was very happy because they could understand what he said . Lin Tao decided to study English harder after he went back to his school . 题三Tuesday May 1 , 2001Its May Day . We didnt go to school . Instead , our teacher took us to the Peoples Park . Th

7、ere were many different kinds of flowers in the park . They were very beautiful . There were thousands of people and many of them were foreign visitors . 一. Multiple Choice1. Zhang Guorong the morning of April 1st last year ?A. Was ; dead ; in B. Was ; dead ; on C. Did ; die ; in D. Did ; die ; on2.

8、 “ Andy , dont forget for me when you are out , ? ” A. posting the letter , will you B. to post the letter , will youC. to post the letter , wont you D. posting the letter , wont you3. My grandfather carefully , but he couldnt a word at all . A. listened ; listen to B. listened ; hearC. heard ; hear

9、 D. heard ; listen to4. He me he was leaving for Beijing , But he didnt when he was leaving .A. asked ; say B. told ; speak C. informed ; talk D. told ; say5. We many trees in and around our school and they are now very well . A. grew ; growing B. grew ; planting C. planted ; planting D. planted ; g

10、rowing6. I didnt quite what the teacher said . Could you ask him to it again . A. catch ; speak B. hear ; talk C. follow ; explain D. listen ; say7. I a used car as little as 600 dollars last week . A. bought ; for B. spent ; on C. paid ; for D. afforded ; with8. Young people must learn to what is r

11、ight and what is wrong . A. know B. talk C. tell D. say9. The sunlight in Haikou is much stronger that in Kunming . A. it B. those C. this D. that10. Which do you prefer , fish or meat ?   , thanks . Id like some vegetables . A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None11. Some children like to stay at

12、 home watching TV , like to go out playing ball games . A. another B. other C. others D. the others12. Russia is larger than in Africa . A. any country B. any other country C. the other countries D. other countries13. Miss Green gave the exercise-books to all the pupils except who had already taken

13、them . A. the ones B. ones C. them D. the other14. The people in the hall are young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty . A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most15. he spoke , excited he was . A. The better ; the more B. The more ; the moreC. The more ; the better D. The louder ; the well16

14、. do you go to Shanghai ?        Sorry , Ive never been there . A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How soon17. This kind of skirt looks and sells .A. nice , well B. nice , good C. well , well D. good , nice18. The little girl was walking along the road when she

15、 met a dog . She was it . A. a fraid B. frighten C. afraid of D. frightened19. Of the two American students , Tracy is one . I think you can find her easily . A. taller B. the taller C. tallest D. the tallest20. The thieves cut the box and took away the money . A. open B. opens C. opened D. to open2

16、1. It rained again . Little Tom walked quickly along towards his boat . A. sand B. the sands C. sands D. the sand22. When he was a little boy , he used to stay at on holiday . A. his uncles B. his uncle C. his uncles D. his uncles family23. China has a great long history and the Chinese a brave and

17、hard-working .A. are ; peoples B. is ; people C. are ; people D. is ; peoples24. The old teacher is a friend of .A. my eldest brothers B. my eldest brotherC. my eldest brothers D. my eldest brothers25. English is a bridge .A. of many knowledges B. of much knowledgeC. to much knowledge D. to many kno

18、wledges26. Its too early for the dolphin show . Lets go to the .A. elephants and pandas house B. elephants and pandas housesC. elephant and pandas house D. elephants and pandas houses27. Suddenly one of the bags the truck and landed in the middle of the road . A. fell out B. fell down C. fell off D.

19、 fell from28. Will you please the files to Mr. Johnson ? Its really urgent . A. bring B. carry C. take D. catch29. It was raining heavily when we Beijing Airport yesterday . A. arrived B. reached C. came D. got30. He is looking forward his father . A. of receiving B. of hearing from C. to hearing fr

20、om D. to hear from31. If you dont know this word , you may in the dictionary but youd better guess its meaning first . A. look for it B. look at it C. look after it D. look it up32. “ Where are my Nike shoes , Mum ? ” “ Under the sofa ! Cant you next time ? ”A. put your things down B. put your thing

21、s on C. put your things away D. put your things up二. ReadingAIn Britain every town has a public library and there are branch libraries in many villages . Anyone may borrow books . And it costs nothing to borrow them . In some places you may borrow as many books as you want , but in others you are li

22、mited to a certain number of books including some novels . You may keep the books for several weeks so that you can have enough time to finish all the books youve borrowed . The latest novels are always in great need , and non-fiction books , such as books on history , science and gardening , are we

23、ll-loved , too . If the books you need are out , you may ask for them to be kept for you when they are returned , and if you pay the cost of sending a postcard , the librarian will let you know when the books are back and are ready for you . Most public libraries also have a reading-room and a refer

24、ence library . In the reading-room there are tables and desks at which you can sit and read the daily newspapers and all the other important periodicals（the weeklies , the monthlies and the quarterlies）. In the reference library there are encyclopedias , dictionaries , books of maps and other useful

25、 books . But you can only use these books there . You cannot take them out . 1. The sentence “ It costs nothing to borrow them . ” Means .A. you may pay some money to borrow themB. you only have to pay a little money to borrow themC. the books cost you almost no moneyD. you dont have to pay any mone

26、y to borrow them2. “ You are limited to a certain number of books . ” This sentence may mean .A. you are allowed to borrow only a certain number of books at a timeB. each time you can borrow as many as you likeC. every time you can borrow only two or three booksD. you can only borrow the limited boo

27、ks which are in the library3. The word “ periodicals ” may have the same meaning as .A. newspapers B. newly published books C. magazines D. dictionaries4. In “ daily newspaper ” , the word “ daily ” may mean .A. time between sunrise and sun setB. coming out every dayC. coming out every other dayD. c

28、oming out on a certain day of the week5. Encyclopedias belong to .A. books of maps B. periodicals C. non-fiction books D. the latest novelsBOn October 21st of 1833 , Alfred Nobel was born in Sweden . His father was an engineer , and at that time he was working on explosives . When Alfred was old eno

29、ugh to go to university , his father sent him to the United States to study mechanical engineering . When he left university , he started a factory with his brother to make a new and very powerful explosive . At first the factory went very well , But one day there was a terrible explosion in the fac

30、tory . It killed several workmen and Alfreds brother . Alfred himself was not there that day . Alfred was terribly unhappy after his brothers death , but he did not stop working . He moved his factory onto a boat and took it a few miles out to sea . “ If something goes wrong here , ” he said to hims

31、elf , “ Ill be killed , but nobody else will be hurt . ” He wasnt killed after all , but made a new and much safer explosive . He called it dynamite . This was the time , in the second half of the 19th century , when many modem roads , and the first railways and tunnels , were being built in Europe

32、. Everybody wanted to use Nobels new dynamite . He was soon very rich . But Nobels dynamite wasnt always used for making roads ; it was also used for making war . “ Its Nobels fault ” , many people said , “ It is his dynamite that theyre using to make wars . ” It was true , but was it his fault ?One

33、 day in 1891 , Nobel opened a newspaper and read the story of his own death . T was completely wrong , of course , and at first he laughed , but he didnt laugh when he saw what the newspaper said about him . “ A bad man ! ” they said , “ terrible wanted to destroy the world with his dynamite ”Poor N

34、obel decided to leave Paris , and went to Italy . There he lived alone , working and studying every day . In 1896 , Nobel died . But that wasnt the end of his name . He left a lot of money for five Nobel Prizes . These are given every year for important work in five different fields . The most impor

35、tant one of the prizes is the Nobel Peace Prize . 1. Alfred went to for his higher education . A. Russia B. Sweden C. Italy D. America2. He started an explosive-making factory .A. went he left university B. after his marriageC. after his brothers death D. in a boat3. The terrible explosion didnt kil

36、l Alfred because .A. he was absent that day B. he was much more carefulC. his brother saved him D. he knew the explosive very well4. Once a newspaper said Nobel wanted to with his dynamite . A. make money B. build the roads C. put an end to the world D. set up a peaceful world 5. Nobel made a great

37、contribution to the world with . A. dynamite B. all his inventions C. Noble Prizes D. his articlesCHow do you decide what you are going to buy in a supermarket ? Do you look in the fridge and the kitchen cupboards and make a list ? Do you think about what you want to cook and then buy the food you n

38、eed ? Even if you do these things , the supermarket makes some of the decisions for you . Specialists in marketing have studied how to make people buy more food in a supermarket . They do all kinds of things that you do not even notice . For example , the simple , ordinary food that everybody must b

39、uy is spread all over the store . You have to walk by all the more interesting and more expensive things in order to find what you need . The more expensive food is in packages with brightcolored pictures . This kind of food is placed at eye level so you see it and want to buy it . The things that y

40、ou have to buy anyway are usually located on a higher or lower shelf . Another study showed that for every minute a person is in a supermarket after the first half hour , she or he spends.50. So the store has a comfortable temperature in summer and winter , and it plays soft music . It is a pleasant

41、 place for people to stay and spend more money . Supermarkets also sell a few things at a lower , or special price every week . Some people think this means all the prices are lower . Some of these “ specials ” are really cheaper . Something that is not selling very fast at .29 is put on “ special ”

42、 at 2/60 cent . People think it is cheaper and buy it . So be careful in the supermarket . You may go home with a bag of food you were not planning to buy . The supermarket , not you , decided you should buy it . 1. The main purpose of writing the text is to tell people .A. to make a list carefully

43、before you go to the supermarket B. to be careful in the supermarketC. not to buy things in the supermarketD. it is useless to make a plan before you go to the supermarket2. According to the text , food like bread , milk , flour , and vegetable oil should be .A. spread all over the store B. placed a

44、t eye levelC. put on higher or lower shelves D. A and C3. If someone stays forty minutes , the supermarket has an additional .A. 50 B. 5.00 C. 15.00 D. 20.004. Which of the following statements is wrong ?A. Comfortable conditions are useless to the customers . B. Some of the “ specials ” are really

45、cheaper . C. If a supermarket moves a product from floor to eye level , it will sell more . D. The supermarket doesnt make all the decisions for you . 5. Which of the following things draws the customers attention easily ?A. Things packed with bright-colored pictures .B. Things at a special price .

46、C. Things on eye level . D. All the above . DAt first , I couldnt believe it . There were no desks in rows ; no bells rang ; no one had to go to class . Although we all lived “ in ” , nobody made us go to bed at a certain time ; there was no “ lights out ” .The strange thing was that practically all

47、 the students went to class , and very few people stayed up late night . Only the new people stayed up or missed class . The new ones always went wild at first , But this never lasted long . The freedom took some getting used to . Our teachers treated us like grown-ups ; never did we have to say “ s

48、tand up ” , “ sit down ” , “ speak out ” . I dont know of one student who didnt try his best . The subjects were the same as those in regular schools , but what a difference in the approach ! For example , in botany we had no classes in the spring or fall , but instead we planted two gardens , a veg

49、etable garden and a flower garden . Then in winter we each studied a few particular things about what we had grown . In math the students built three different kinds of storerooms-small ones of course but usable . They did this instead of having lessons in the classroom . They really had a great tim

50、e too , designing everything , drawing the blueprints , computing the angles and so on . I didnt like math . I cant stand it ! Besides , I could do the basic things with numbers . Thats enough . On the whole I think I am a better person for having gone to the school . I can read and write as well as

51、 anyone else of my age , and what is more , I can think better . Thats probably a real difference between the free school and regular school . 1. The new students in the free school .A. couldnt get used to the freedom for a long timeB. often missed classC. went to bed at a certain timeD. enjoyed mor

52、e freedom2. Which of the following can be used in place of “ went wild ” ?A. became crazy about everything newB. went on a field tripC. acted like wild animalsD. acted as they wanted , without control3. Which of the following statements is wrong ?A. The students in the regular school had botany clas

53、ses indoor . B. The students in the regular school had to go to bed before “ lights out ” .C. The students in the free school were treated as adults .D. The students in the free school had so much freedom that some of them didnt study hard . 4. In the free school , the students studied math .A. in storerooms B. through practice C. with a lot of interest D. B and C5. The real big difference between the free school and the regular school is .A. the subjects B. the freedom C. the amount of thinking D. the activitiesEEverywhere ,