The silent way沉默法

1、The silent way 主讲人：金凤华 2012031146 组员：高玲 2012031137 高瑞丽 2012031134主要内容The silent wayDefinitionBackgroundPrincipleAims and goalsThree basic tenetsRole of teacherRole of studentAdvantagesDisadvantages Tell me and I forget, teach me and I remember, involve me and I learn.Question :what is silent way in

2、your mind? 沉默教学法背景沉默法是由英国数学家兼心理学家加蒂格诺（Caleb Gattegno）于20世纪70年代初创立的。加蒂格诺提倡外语学习需要学习者自己去发现（Discovery）和创造（Create），而非背诵（Remember）和重复（Repeat）。沉默教学法理论基础及目标它的理论基础是结构主义理论。语言被看作是一组与特定意义相联系的通过语法规则结合起来的语音组合。语言从其社会语境中抽离出来通过虚拟的语境教给学生。沉默教学法的总体目标是通过语言基本要素的认练，培养初学者听和说的能力。沉默法的基本特点1.语言学习的过程由静默思考到实际演练，不采用机械的重复练习；2.学习过程

3、中，学生是主角，教师只辅助而不干预学习。教服从学，学大大超过教，充分调动学生的学习积极性；3.借助特殊的辅助教具进行教学。教师在教学过程中少说，学生多说、多活动。4.口语领先，读写随后；5.教师不直接纠正学生的错误，只是协助他们，通过多次尝试错误而求得正确知识。Definition 1.The Silent Way is a language-teaching method created by Caleb Gattegno （加蒂格诺）that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching technique. 2. The method emph

4、asizes the autonomy of the learner; the teachers role is to monitor the students efforts, and the students are encouraged to have an active role in learning the language. To put it simply, the Silent Way is a method of language teaching which is based on the premise that the teacher should be silent

5、 as much as possible in the classroom and the learner should be encouraged to produce as much language as possible. Three basic tenets（原则） The three basic tenets(原则) of the approach are that learning is facilitated（使容易） if(1) the learner discovers rather than remembers or repeats,(2) that learning i

6、s aided by physical objects,(3) and that problem solving is central to learning.Principles 1.Teachers should concentrate on how students learn, not on how to teach. 2.Imitation and drill （训练）are not the primary means by which students learn. 3.Learning consists of error, deliberate experimentation,

7、suspending judgement, and revising conclusions. 4.In learning, learners draw on everything that they already know, especially their native language . 5.The teacher must not interfere with the learning process. Aims & Goals The general goal of the Silent Way is to help beginning level students ga

8、in basic fluency in the target language, with the ultimate aim being near-native language proficiency and good pronunciation. An important part of this ability is being able to use the language for self-expression; students should be able to express their thoughts, feelings, and needs in the target

9、language .Students are encouraged to actively explore the language , and to develop their own inner criteria as to what is linguistically acceptable .The role of the teacher The role of the teacher is that of technician or engineer. The teachers task is to focus the students attention, and provide e

10、xercises to help them develop language facility; however, to ensure their self-reliance(自我学习）, the teacher should only help the students as much as is strictly necessary. As Gattegno says, “The teacher works with the student; the student works on the language.” For example, teachers will often give

11、students time to correct their own mistakes before giving them the answer to a question. Teachers also avoid praise or criticism, as it can discourage students from developing self-reliance(自我学习法）. The role of the students language learning is a process of personal growth resulting from growing stud

12、ent awareness and self-challenge. Learners are expected to develop independence , autonomy, and responsibility. In the Silent Way, a learner also must be a teacher, a student, part of a support system, a problem solver, and a self-evaluator. And it is the student who is usually expected to decide on

13、 what role is most appropriate to a given situation. Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages： 1.Students are the main part of learning, emphasizes learning more than teaching. 2.Using special instruments to teach, which is good for students. 3.Its full of creativity. 4.Consistent process of making errors, its good for students individualism and responsibility. Disadvantages: 1.Ignores the direction of teachers. 2. It may waste a lot of time沉默教学法实例（步骤1）教师在墙上挂音色对应图表，彩色译音卡片和字词表；（步骤2）教师作u的口型,但不发音,学生猜测发音,直到有人猜对,教师点头,并指示音色对应图表上的绿色u符号;（步骤3)教师作b的口型，但不发音。学生猜测发音，直到有人 猜对，