汉英翻译技巧

1、汉英翻译技巧汉英翻译技巧1:合并(Combination(1 天气寒冷,河水都结冰了。It was so cold that the river froze.(2 理论必须密切联系实际,这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.(3 他在战斗中表现突出,受到连长的表扬。He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in t

2、he battle.(4 年满十八岁的公民,都有选举权和被选举权。All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election.(5 当时,友谊商店只对外宾开放,不对中宾开放。At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors.(6 她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪,这也不是没有道理的。She is justifiably proud of her achieveme

3、nts.(7 这家小工厂经过技术改造,发展很快,使人感到惊讶不已。This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with surprising speed.(8 只要看一眼这封信,你就会明白你上当了。A glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in.(9 看门人惊呆了,喘着粗气,摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。The janitor staggered down the stairway, stunned and ga

4、sping.(10 还是热,心里可镇定多了。凉风,即使是一点点,给了人们许多希望。(老舍骆驼祥子It was still hot but everyone felt much better, for the breeze, though slight, brought them hope.汉英翻译技巧2:补偿(Compensation1. 九州Jiuzhou - a poetic name for China2. 八股文Eighth-part essay prescribed for the imperial civil service examinations- known for its

5、rigidity of form and poverty of ideas3. 狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心Like the dog that bit Lu Tungpin-you bite the hand that feeds you.4. 猫哭老鼠-假慈悲The cat weeping over the dead mouse-shed crocodile tears.5. 苏轼: Su Shi (formerly translated as Su Shih, 1037-1101,alias Su Dongpo, writer and calligrapher of the Song Dynas

6、ty.6. 秀才Xiucai, one who passed the imperial examination at the county level in the Ming and Qing Dynasties7. 牛郎织女the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver-two figures in ancient Chinese fairy tale (Later it also refers to husband and wife who live far apart.8. 蓝田人Lantian Man, ape-man of about 600,000 years ag

7、o whose fossil remains were found in Lantian, Shanxi Province in 19649. 开绿灯turn on the green light (provide conveniences for certain affairs, so that they could proceed smoothly10. 梅雨季节plum rain season (about 1-month rainy season usu. beginning in early summer when plum fruit becomes ripe in the mid

8、dle and lower reaches of the Y angtze River or moldy season, a rainy season when everything goes moldy easily in the said area.汉英翻译技巧3:分译(division(1 不久,她提着篮子回来了。V ery soon she came back, holding a basket in her hand.(2 他拉过一把椅子放在客人背后。He drew up a chair and placed it behind the visitor.(3 周萍一个人从饭厅走上来,

9、望望花园,冷清清的,没有一人。Zhou Ping appears from the dining room. He is alone. He peers out at the garden. It is silent and deserted.(4 他哼着曲子从山上走下来。He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.(5 人民的觉悟是不容易的,要去掉人民头脑中的错误思想,需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much e

10、arnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.(6 我们的目的一定要达到,我们的目的一定能够达到。Our goal must be attained. Our goal will be attained.(7 我们的革命已经获得全世界广大人民的同情和欢呼,我们的朋友遍于全世界。Our revolution has won the sympathy and acclaim of the people of all countries. We have friends all over the world.(8 我们恢复和采

11、取这些贸易方式的原因很简单:我们出口商品就是为了满足国外客户消费方面的需要。The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple. Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.(9 这次大会充分发扬了民主,大家心情舒畅,生动活泼;真正开成了一个团结的大会,胜利的大会。The conference has given full expression to democracy;

12、 the atmosphere has been lively and the delegates have enjoyed ease of mind. Ours has indeed been a congress of unity, a congress of victory.(10 这些国家的共产党和进步党派,正促使它们的政府和我们做生意,以致建立外交关系,这是善意的,这就是援助。The Communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are urging their governments to establish

13、ed trade and even diplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill, this is help.汉英翻译技巧4:形合(Hypotaxis1. 让壁立的岩石,静静流着的小河,风过处便窃窃私语的树林,都作为自己的亲密邻居。All the company she had were the steep cliffs, the gently flowing stream, and the trees that whispered in the wind.2. 汉朝人在宫殿和墓前的石室里,多喜欢绘画或雕刻古来的帝王、孔子的弟子、列士、列女、孝子

14、之类的图。People of the Han Dynasty liked to have paintings or caved relief of rulers of old, disciples of Confucius, eminent scholars and ladies andfilial sons in the palaces or the stone chambers before their tombs.3. 不必说碧绿的菜畦,光滑的石井栏,高大的皂荚树,紫红的桑椹I need not speak of the green vegetable plots, the slippe

15、ry stone coping round the well, the tall honey locust tree, or the purple mulberries.4. 尽着他的腿的力量走了一天,问了一天,没有消息。As long as his legs would move he walked on, asking, but by the end of the day he still had no news.5. 七股大水,从水库的桥孔跃出,仿佛七幅闪光黄锦,直铺下去,碰着嶙峋的乱石,激起一片雪白水珠,脱线一般,撒在洄漩的水面。Seven torrents were rushing

16、through the archways of the bridge like seven glittering rolls of cloth of gold cascading on to the jagged rocks below and scattering snow-white bubbles like a string of broken beads on the swirling water.6. 月光如流水一般,静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里,叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样;又像笼着轻纱的梦Moonlight cascaded like water over

17、the locus leaves and flowers, and a light blue mist floating up from the pool made them seem washed in milk or caught in a gauzy dream.7. 另一方面,必须用上述材料进行广泛宣传,使人们认识到,自然保护区是保护自然及文化遗产的基本单位,它们是在人类进步里程中长期斗争中形成的,对经济建设有着重要的作用。On the other hand, it is necessary to carry on the extensive publicity, enabling t

18、he public to know that the protected areas are the basic unit of the management of the natural and cultural heritages which are formed in the struggle process against the nature by human beings and will play an important role in the economic construction.8. 为保护海洋环境,促进海洋经济发展,必须提高对海洋环境监测的认识，增加投入，加强热点海

19、域的监测，减少海洋的损失，加强 海洋生物监测，避免潜伏的海洋灾害发生。 In order to promote the development of sustainable marine economy and conserve marine environment, we should pay great attention to reinforcing awareness of marine environmental monitoring, increasing investment and strengthening the monitoring in hot spots as wel

20、l as biological monitoring to avoid marine calamity. 9. 饭菜虽然简单，但别有一番风味，屋外一团漆黑，穿过松林的风 发出如火车的轰鸣声，我们在摇曳不定的煤油灯下豪情与老人干杯。 When we enjoyed the simple but tasty food and drank cheerful toasts with the old man under the flickering oil-lamp, darkness reigned the outside world where the wind was thundering thr

21、ough the pinewood like a train. 10. 仍像往常一样，把晴美的阳光抹上满峡的树林，叫带露的树叶都 亮得耀人的眼睛。 Just as on any other day, the morning sun spread its fine light over the wooded valley, till the dewy leaves and grass glistened with a dazzling brightness. 汉英翻译技巧 5：音译(transliteration ：音译 1. 胡同：hutong 2. 饺子：jiaozi 3. 武术：wushu

22、 4. 普通话：putonghua 5. 旗袍：qipao 6. 上海： Shanghai （以上 6 例皆可作为标准汉音的例子。 ） 7. 豆腐：tofu 8. 功夫： gongfu 9. 乒乓：ping-pong 10.炒面：chow mien (以上例 8-10 也可作为回译 EC 部分的例子 6 汉英翻译技巧 6：习语(Translation of Idioms ：习语 直译 (1 男男女女都七嘴八舌地说出他们的惦记和盼念。 With seven mouths and eight tongues, all were talking together. They tried to tel

23、l how they had missed him. (2 亡羊补牢 to mend the fold after a sheep is lost 直译加注 (3司马昭之心，已是路人皆知。 This Sima Zhao trick is obvious to every man in the street. (Sima zhao was a prime minister of Wei (220-265who nursed a secret ambition to usurp the throne. The emperor once remarked: Sima Zhaos intention

24、is obvious to every man in the street. (4 你说这话，意思是要领导上三请诸葛？ What you say implies that the leadership should ask you three times, like Zhuge Liang, doesnt it? (Zhuge Liang, a statesman and strategist in the State of Shu during the period of wisdom and resourcefulness in Chinese folklore. 同义习语套用 (5 晴天

25、霹雳 a bolt from the blue. (6 只有破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，还许有翻身的一天。 All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day youll come out on top. 意译 (7 我要有个三长两短，你给玉山捎个话！ If anything should happen to me , let Yushan know! (8 大智若愚 A truly wise person does not show off his (her ability. 7 直译加意译 (9

26、瞎子点灯白费蜡 as useless as a blind man lighting a candle. (10 梅她一个单身人，无亲无故。 Mei was all by herself and far from home, without a single relative or friend to help her. 临时变体 (11 换汤不换药 （张培基 习语汉译英研究） old wine in new bottles ( 原有习语为 new wine in old bottles (12 守株待兔 （同上） to wait for gains without pains ( 原有习语为 No pains, no gains 省略 (13 这女子真有沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌。 The girls beauty would put the flowers to shame. (14 冷淡的阳关照着他们的愁眉苦脸和长发白眼。 The cold, pale sunlight fell on their gloomy faces, long hair and lusterless eyes. 增添