直接引语与间接引语 不分版本

1、直接引语与间接引语一. 本周教学内容： 直接引语与间接引语（Direct Speech and Indirect Speech） 交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一种是一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称为直接引语，另一种是间接地转述别人的话，称为间接引语。 e.g. The teacher said , “I will choose a useful dictionary for my students .” 这个老师说：“我将为学生选一本有用的字典。” The teacher said that he would choose a useful dictionary for his

2、 students . 这个老师说他将为学生选一本有用的字典。（一）直接引语与间接引语的转换 直接引语转换成间接引语时，间接引语多数是带有宾语从句的主从复合句。转换过程中句子结构会发生一些变化。 1. 句子结构的变化（见下表）直接引语间 接 引 语陈述句say + thattell + 间接宾语 + that从句一般疑问句选择疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+陈述句语序祈使句ask / tell / order + 宾语+ (not) to do sth . e.g. 2. 某些特殊句型的结构变化 当直接引语为请求，劝告或建议的问句，并非询问某一事实是否属实，那就应用适当的结构把原意准确地转述。 e

3、. g. 感叹句转换为间接引语时可以改为say / remark + how / what引导的句子或that引导的句子。 e.g. He said , “How happy I am today !” 他说，“今天我多么幸福！” He remarked 也可以用词汇手段。 e.g. 3. 人称和代词的变化 直接引语间接引语 第一、二人称第三人称 第二人称第一人称 thisthat , the thesethose , the e.g. 4. 谓语动词时态的变化：直接引语间接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时 e.g. 但时态并不是绝对的，下列

4、情况可以不变： 5. 情态动词的变化：直接引语间接引语canmaymustdare notneed notought tocouldmightmust表示推测意义must / had to或would have todare not / didnt dare toneed not / didnt have to didnt need to wouldnt have toought to或should e.g. 6. 状语的变化直接引语间接引语todaythis morningyesterdayyesterday morningthe day before yesterdaytomorrowth

5、e day after tomorrownext monthlast weektwo years agonowherethat daythat morningthe day before或the previousthe previous morning或the morning beforetwo days beforethe next day或the followingin two days time或two days afterthe next month或the following monththe week beforetwo years beforethenthere 但这也不是绝对的

6、，要视具体情况而定。请比较下列各组句子：【模拟试题】一. 将下列直接引语改成间接引语： 1. He said , “I have been here about ten times .” 2. Mary said , “I have sold my house in London .” 3. The man said , “Smoking is strictly forbidden here .” 4. Ann said , “She moved to Paris in 1956 .” 5. Mr Black said , “We started learning Chinese last m

7、onth .” 6. Mary said , “Why didnt you stop her yesterday .” 7. Shaw said to Ann , “Your brother will give you a nice gift .” 8. My wife said to me , “Dont sleep with the windows open .” 9. I asked Tom , “Do you live on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor ?” 10. He asked , “Should I go with y

8、ou , Linda ?” 11. The teacher said to the students , “Water boils at 100 .” 12. The nurse said to Grey , “Leave the ward quietly .” 13. He said , “How lovely the house is !” 14. “Would you buy me some stamps ?”he said to me . 15. “Who left the banana skin on my desk ?”said Cathy . 16. “Are you leavi

9、ng today or tomorrow morning ?”said his secretary . 17. She said , “How long will it take me to fly to that city ?” 18. “Where were you last night ?”she said . 19. “It is foggy today ,”I said . 20. He said , “I must go at once .”二. 将下列句子改为直接引语。 （1）He said that he liked Japanese very much . （2）He ask

10、ed me when the meeting would end . （3）He told his little son to go inside and not to come out until the rain had stopped . （4）Grandma said that she was beginning to sleep better . （5）Tom told Mary that he had come to return her the book . （6）The conductor asked Zhang Hong where he was going to get o

11、ff . （7）He asked whether they would pardon him . （8）He asked the teacher if it snows in winter in Australia . （9）Mr White asked me to give his wife a message when she returned from the library . （10）A student asked the teacher whether Gauss was born in 1777 . （11）The old worker told us not to forget

12、 the past . （12）He asked me why Edisons teacher said that he wasnt bright and wasnt worth teaching . （13）He asked me what else I wanted him to do . （14）She asked Xiao Wang if that kind of telephone was made in Guangzhou . （15）He asked me how many times I had been to my home town since 1978 . （16）I a

13、sked one of the boys if there were any mistakes in his homework . （17）Uncle Wu asked me where my father had been and what he had been doing all those years . （18）The guard said that he would not let him in if he had no pass .三. 把下面各句译成英语。 （1）妈妈叫我不要在那道难题上再花时间了。 （2）老师说，当人们处于困境时，我们应当帮助他们。 （3）那个年轻人说，当熊向

14、他走来时，他躺在地上，屏住气。 （4）我问她是否收到她母亲的信了。 （5）他说他们前一天把那些桌子修好了。 （6）老师问我们这件好事是谁做的。 （7）售票员走到我的跟前，问我愿不愿意把座位让给那位老人。 （8）他问你那时候中国有多少人学英语。 （9）一个学生问为什么乔·希尔受审并判处死刑。 （10）妈妈问女儿垃圾是否倒了。试题答案一. 1. He said that he had been there about ten times . 2. Mary said that she had sold her house in London . 3. The man said that

15、smoking was strictly forbidden there . 4. Ann said that she moved to Paris in 1956 . 5. Mr Black said that they had started learning Chinese the month before . 6. Mary asked why I hadnt stopped her the day before . 7. Shaw told Ann that her brother would give her a nice gift 8. My wife told me not t

16、o sleep with the windows open . 9. I asked Tom whether he lived on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor . 10. He asked Linda whether he should go with her . 11. The teacher told the students that water boils at 100 . 12. The nurse told Grey to leave the ward quietly . 13. He said how lovely t

17、he house was . 14. He asked me to buy some stamps for him . 15. Cathy asked who had left the banana skin on her desk . 16. His secretary asked whether he was leaving that day or the next morning . 17. She asked how long it would take her to fly to that city . 18. She asked where I had been the night

18、 before . 19. I said that it was foggy that day . 20. He said that he would have to go at once .二. （1）He said , “I like Japanese very much .” 或“I like Japanese very much ,”he said . （2）“When will the meeting end ?”he asked me . （3）“Go inside and dont come out until the rain has stopped , ”he said to

19、 his little son . （4）“Im beginning to sleep better ,”Grandma said . （5）“Mary , Ive come to return you the book ,”said Tom . （6）“Where are you going to get off , Zhang Hong ?”the conductor asked . （7）“Will they pardon me ?”he asked . （8）“Does it snow in winter in Australia ?”he asked the teacher . （9

20、）“Please give my wife a message when she returns from the library ,”Mr White said to me . （10）“Was Gauss born in 1777 ?”a student asked the teacher . （11）“Dont forget the past ,”the old worker said to us . （12）He asked me , “Why did Edisons teacher say that he was not bright and (was) not worth teac

21、hing ?” （13）“What else do you want me to do ?”he asked me . （14）“Is this kind of telephone made in Guangzhou ?”she asked Xiao Wang . （15）“How many times have you been to your home town since 1978 ?”he asked me . （16）I asked one of the boys , “Are there any mistakes in your homework ?” （17）Uncle Wu asked me , “Where has your father been and what has he been doing all these years ?” （18）“I wont let him in if he has no pass ,”said the guard .三. （1）M