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1、将ospf与rip相互引入。由于华为的ospf内部路由优先级为10，外部引入路由优先级为150 。RIP的优先级为100。所以RIP的路由优先级比ospf的外部引入的小，故RIP路由优先于ospf外部路由。刚构建的拓扑，并不存在环路和次优路径，当ar2上的接口出现down的现象后，才会出现次优路径或者环路现象disp ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib-Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 18 Routes : 18 Destination/Mask Proto Pre

2、 Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.1.12.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.4/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Gigabi

3、tEthernet0/0/0 22.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 33.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 44.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.

4、0.0.1 InLoopBack0 172.16.0.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.2.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.35.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.45.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.45.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.45.4/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 G

5、igabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.45.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0ar3disp ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib-Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 18 Routes : 18 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHo

6、p Interface 10.1.12.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.23.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 22.

7、1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 33.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 44.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

8、172.16.0.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.2.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.35.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.35.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.35.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.35.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0

9、/1 192.168.45.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0当ar3与ar2的邻居状态出现震荡后 ar3收到172.16.0.0/24和172.16.2.0/24的路由会由于ospf的震荡导致邻居关系重新建立，LSA重新交互。同时由于RIP并没有断开，同时因为rip的路由优先级比ospf的外部路由要低，所以ar3的172.16.0.0/24和172.16.2.0/24两个路由浮现的协议为RIP。导致次优路径的产生。Ar4因为

10、没有产生震荡所以路由表没有 改变。Ar4和ar2之间链路状态出现变化同样道理。disp ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib-Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 22 Routes : 22 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.1.12.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1

11、.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.23.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 22.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 33.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 4

12、4.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 55.1.1.1/32 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.35.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 172.16.0.0/24 RIP 100 2 D 192.168.35.5 G

13、igabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.2.0/24 RIP 100 2 D 192.168.35.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.35.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.35.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.35.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.35.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.45.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 192.168

14、.35.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0disp ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib-Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 22 Routes : 22 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.1.12.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthe

15、rnet0/0/0 10.1.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.4/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 22.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 33.1.1

16、.1/32 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 44.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 55.1.1.1/32 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.45.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

17、172.16.0.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.2.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.35.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.45.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.45.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.45.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.45.4/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0

18、/1 192.168.45.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0disp ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib-Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 27 Routes : 31 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags Ne

19、xtHop Interface 10.0.0.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 10.0.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 10.0.2.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 10.1.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.12.2/3

20、2 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.23.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.24.0/24 Direct 0

21、0 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 10.1.24.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 10.1.24.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 22.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 33.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 44.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet

22、2/0/0 55.1.1.1/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 172.16.0.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.1.12.1 Gigab

23、itEthernet0/0/0 172.16.1.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.1.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.2.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.1.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.3.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.1.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.4.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.1.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.35.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 Giga

24、bitEthernet2/0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.45.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0追踪路径：ar4tracert 172.16.0.1 traceroute to 172.16.0.1(172.16.0.1), max hops: 30 ,p

25、acket length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 1 10.1.24.2 20 ms 20 ms 10 ms 2 10.1.12.1 30 ms 30 ms 20 mstracert 172.16.0.1 traceroute to 172.16.0.1(172.16.0.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 1 192.168.35.5 40 ms 10 ms 10 ms 2 * 192.168.45.4 40 ms 40 ms 3 10.1.24.2 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms

26、 4 10.1.12.1 20 ms 30 ms 30 ms环路现象，ar1和ar2之间的链路断链后。ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0disp ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib-Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 21 Routes : 25 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.0.0.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEtherne

27、t2/0/0 10.0.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 10.0.2.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 10.1.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.23.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.23.255/32 Direc

28、t 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.24.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 10.1.24.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 10.1.24.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 22.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 33.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEt

29、hernet0/0/1 44.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 55.1.1.1/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0

30、.0.1 InLoopBack0 172.16.0.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.2.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.35.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.45.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet2/0/

31、0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0ar3-ospf-1disp ip routing-tableRoute Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib-Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 21 Routes : 21 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.0.0.0/24 O_ASE

32、 150 1 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.35.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.23.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127

33、.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 22.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 33.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 44.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 55.1.1.1/32 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.35.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 127

34、.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 172.16.0.0/24 RIP 100 2 D 192.168.35.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.2.0/24 RIP 100 2 D 192.168.35.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.35.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.16

35、8.35.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.35.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.35.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.45.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.35.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0disp ip routing-table Route Flags: R

36、 - relay, D - download to fib-Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 21 Routes : 21 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.0.0.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.45.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.1.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.45.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.45.5 GigabitE

37、thernet0/0/1 10.1.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.24.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.4/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.24.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 22.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 33.

38、1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 44.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 55.1.1.1/32 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.45.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 172.16.0.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.2.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.24.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.35.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.45.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.45.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.45.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.45.4/32 Direct 0

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