过去分词作定语

1、Past paticipleI. I. 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语1. 1. 单个过去分词作定语单个过去分词作定语, , 通常前置通常前置a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。a broken cupa wounded soldieran unexpected guestthe excited crowd b. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。a grown womana retired officerC. 合成的过去分词合成的过去分词a much-needed reformstate-o

2、wned enterprises 2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。定语从句。a letter written in pencilthe book recommended by Jackthe machines produced last yearThis substance, discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized machine.= a letter which was written in pencil= the book which was recommende

3、d by Jack= the machines which were produced last year= This substance, which was discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized machine.过去分词与现在分词的区别：过去分词与现在分词的区别：1 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动注：不及物动词的过去分词只有注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成完成”含义，而不表示被动含义，而不表示被动an inspiring speech the ins

4、pired audience鼓舞人心的演说鼓舞人心的演说受到鼓舞的观众受到鼓舞的观众The falling leaves the fallen leaves落叶（正往下落的）落叶（正往下落的）落叶（已经落到地面的）落叶（已经落到地面的）2 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在动作正在进行进行”或或“与谓语同时进行与谓语同时进行”或或“经常性经常性”。过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表先于位于动词表示的动作示的动作” 或或“ 没有一定的时间性没有一定的时间性”1.Do you know the boy _

5、(lie) under the big tree?2. “Cant you read?” Mary said angrily _(point) to the notice.3 The woman _(sell) vegetables has gone.4.The wheat is watered by water _(bring) from a pond.5. He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.3 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(done)与与现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式(being done)都可以表示都可以表示“被动被动”，但前者多，

6、但前者多表示一个表示一个完成了的动作完成了的动作，而后者则，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作表示一个正在进行的动作.the problem discussed yesterdayThe problem being discussed 4. 过去分词（过去分词（done）与与现在分词的完成被动式现在分词的完成被动式（having been done）都表示都表示“完成完成”和和“被动被动”，但，但前者前者的时间性不变的时间性不变，而后者，而后者更加强调分词动作明显先于更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作。谓语动作。1.He is a teacher _(respect) by all.2. _(tel

7、l)to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to returned to his village.II. 过去分词做表语过去分词做表语1 过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于adj., 说明的是主语的状态说明的是主语的状态All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.This article is well written.He appeared more satisfied with my work.2 过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的

8、区别（1）现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质或特征，意为）现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质或特征，意为“另人怎样。另人怎样。”，有主动的意思。如：有主动的意思。如：exciting,moving,amusing,astonishing,frightening,interesting,relaxing,shocking,surprising,terrifying,tiring etc.(2) 过去分词作定语多表示主语所处的状态，意为过去分词作定语多表示主语所处的状态，意为“对。对。或受到怎样或受到怎样”，有被动的意思，有被动的意思.如：如：excited,moved,amused,astonished

9、,frightened,interested,relaxed,satisfied,surprised,terrified,tired etc.eg,They got very excited.(3).过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的主语的特点及所处的状态，状态，而后者而后者强调动作强调动作。The glass is broken.The glass is broken by my little brother.Exercises:Exercises: 1.

10、We lived in the house _(我舅舅们修建的我舅舅们修建的). 2. Any medicine _(服用服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble. 3. We spent two hours discussing the plan _ (她制定的她制定的). 4. _ (开水开水) 5. _ (一个破碎的茶杯一个破碎的茶杯) 6. three _ (受伤的士兵受伤的士兵)built by my unclestakenmade by herboiled watera broken cupwounded soldie

11、rsExercises:Exercises: 1. Most of the people _(被邀请参加宴会的被邀请参加宴会的) were famous scientists. 2. Lessons _ (易学的易学的)are soon forgotten. * _ (易学的易学的) lessons are soon forgotten. 3. The computer center _(开办开办) last week is popular with the students .invited to the partylearned easilyopened/startedEasily-lea

12、rnedExercises1. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known2. As we joined the big crowd, I got _ from my friends A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by

13、 the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay4. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C. , did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playingDACC5. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. hav

14、ing begun C. beginning D. begun6. The television is a _ machine. A. newly-invented B. new-invented C. newly-invent D. newly-invention7. _ English is different from _ English in many ways. A. Spoken, written B. Speaking, written C. Spoken, writing D. Speak, writeDAA8. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars9. Prices of daily goods _ thr