国际商法体系(1)

1、2022-1-311 国际商法体系2022-1-312Definition of 定义International Commercial LawInt. Commercial law refers to the body of rules and norms governing international commercial transactions and commercial organizations. International: Involving More than One Nation n Parties 当事人 n Object 对象1. Act 行为2022-1-313Sco

2、pe of International Commercial LawCommercial Organizations; 商事组织Contracts; 合同Contract on Sales of Goods; 货物买卖合同Agency; 代理Transportation in international trade; 货物运输Insurance; 货物保险Financing in international trade; 融资Negotiating Instrument票据支付Intellectual Property Protection; 知识产权保护Technology Transfer

3、; 技术转让Competition; 竞争Product Liability; 产品责任 Dispute Settlement; 争端解决and so on. 其他2022-1-314Historical Development of International Commercial Law u起源于中世纪：商人法/ Law Merchant/ (习惯法)(国际性)17世纪开始：商法成为国内法的一个部分u20世纪下开始：商法以国际条约的形式出现发展轨迹：发展轨迹：国际性国际性-国内法国内法-国际性国际性2022-1-315Major Sources of 法律渊源法律渊源Internation

4、al Commercial Lawu International Treaties and Conventions 国际(商事)条约和公约u (Municipal) Domestic Law 国内(商)法u International Commercial Customs and Usages 国际商事惯例和风俗u International Model Law 国际(商事)示范法2022-1-316International Treaties and Conventions国际条约和公约 Sale of Goods: The United Nations Convention on Cont

5、racts (货物买卖) of International Sales of Goods 1980 (CISG)Sea Carriage of Goods: Hague and Visby Rules (1924 and 1968)(海上货物运输) 海牙-维斯比规则 Hamburg Rules (1978) 汉堡规则Arbitration: The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement (商事仲裁) of Foreign Arbitral Awards 1958 (New York Convention)Legally Binding on

6、 the Signatory States. 对缔约国有法律约对缔约国有法律约束力束力2022-1-317Municipal Law/Domestic Law 国内法 - 大陆法系大陆法系 (Civil Law System) u商法以商法典的形式单独存在- 民商分立国家： e.g.: 法国商法典；德国商法典；日本商法典u商法存在于民法典内或单行法内 民商合一国家：瑞士, 意大利，中国 (公司法；合同法；民法通则；反不正当竞争法; 专利法等)；- 英美法系英美法系 (Common Law System)-商法存在于判例判例和单行成文法中e.g. 英国：Case Law (为主) /公司法 票据

7、法 (补充) 美国：Case Law + 各州立法/ Uniform Commercial Code 为各州基本采用Legally Binding in the Municipal Jurisdictions.在国家司法管辖范围内有法律约束力。在国家司法管辖范围内有法律约束力。2022-1-318Legal Systems in the World法律体系 (大陆法系/英美法系)2022-1-319Commercial Customs and Usages 商事惯例与习俗u International Commercial Terms 2000 (INCOTERMS 2000) 国际贸易术语解

8、释通则u Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600) 跟单信用证统一惯例ICC: International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会Not Necessarily Legally-Binding 不当然具有法律约束力不当然具有法律约束力2022-1-3110Model Law 示范法uUNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts ( UNIDROIT PICC) 国际统一私法协会：国际商事合同通则 UNCITRAL M

9、odel Law on International Commercial Arbitration 联合国国际贸易法委员会：国际商事仲裁示范法Non-Binding Unless Enacted into Law.除非被立法者采用，否则没有法律约束力除非被立法者采用，否则没有法律约束力。 2022-1-3111法律效力法律效力 Legal Effect uIt is one states responsibility of international law to comply with the international treaties to which it is a contractin

10、g party. 条约必须遵守原则条约必须遵守原则uInternational treaties take priority over domestic law. In the case of inconsistencies, international treaties prevail over domestic law. 条约优先适用原则条约优先适用原则uCustoms and usages are not law by nature, they are only legally binding on the parties who choose to be bound by them.

11、However, in the absence of agreement, the Court can still choose to enforce customs and usages as it sees fit. 2022-1-3112条约优先原则在国内法中的体现The U.S. : all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State

12、shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.不管还是 Article VI of the U.S. Constitution2022-1-3113条约优先原则在国内法中的体现中国： 民事诉讼法第236条：中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约同本法有不同规定的，适用该国际条约有不同规定的，适用该国际条约的规定的规定，但中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。民法通则第142条： 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约同中华人民共和国的民事法律有不同规有不同规定的，适用国际条约的规定定的，适用国际条约的规定，但中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。 中华人民共和国法律和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约没有规定的，可以适用国际惯例可以适用国际惯例。 2022-1-3114Key Questions for Review nWhat does International Commercial Law regulate? n