定语从句易错易混点训练加解析

1、定语从句七大盲点 定语从句作为各省高考英语历年必考语法项目，近年来其考查形式日趋灵活、新颖、多变，常常让考生感觉无从下手或措手不及。根据笔者的教学经验，对于定语从句，考生常常存在以下七大盲点。 盲点1 先行词为地点，关系词不一定用where【例题1】Is this the factory he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one【例题2】Is this the factory you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one【例题3

2、】Is this factory some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D. the one破解：对于以上三题，同学们如果稍一疏忽，不仔细分析句子结构，弄清关系词的功能，很有可能全选B。我建议大家解此类题时分两步走一一“瞻前”、“顾后”。所谓“瞻前”，即确定先行词；所谓“顾后”，即判断代替先行词的关系词在后面的定语从句中充当何种成分。诚然，以上三题先行词factory是表地点的名词，但是代替它的关系词在后面定语从句中充当的成分却不一样。我们将其还原到从句中可以看到，在第一句中它搭配介词in充当地点状

3、语，即“he worked in the factory ten years ago.”所以关系词选where毋容置疑。在第二句中它充当visit的宾语，即“you visit the factory the other day.”所以关系词只能选that。在第三句中，主句缺表语，将题干还原为陈述句可得“this factory is some foreign friends visited last Friday”. 我们需要先把主句补充完整才便于考虑后面的定语从句，因而此处填入的词既要能充当主句的表语，还要能在从句中作visit 的宾语，只有D项“the one”符合。但要注意：“the

4、one”不是关系词，是先行词，作定语从句先行词时，关系词that可以省略。【小结】定语从句关系词的选择，不仅仅要看先行词是人物/时间/地点/原因，而且还要重点关注它在定语从句中充当的成分。 盲点2 先行词若是被抽象成地点的名词，关系词应考虑用where【例题4】一What do you think of teaching, Bob? 一I find it fun and challenging . It is a job you are doing something serious but interesting. （2009北京卷）A. where B. which C. whe

5、n D. that破解：此题要先判断考查的是否是定语从句。由于空格后面的句子不缺成分，且主句表语不是介词短语，不能作后一句的状语，而去掉“it is a job”后，整个句子意义还不完整，所以不会是强调句。排除D后，确认此句是定语从句。先行词是“a job”，带入定语从句中还原后为“you are doing something serious but interesting in the job”.所以关系词应为where,相当于“in which”。 【例题5】Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see them

6、selves differently.（2009福建卷）A. that B. when C. which D. where破解： 这里的先行词是“a situation”，带入定语从句中还原后为“they can see themselves differently in the situation”,所以关系词应为where,相当于“in which”。类似的例题大家还可以参考2009年重庆卷的第34题和2009年浙江卷的第14题。 【小结】定语从句中常见的容易被抽象成地点名词功能的先行词有“the case”，“the situation”, “ the point”, “the job”

7、, “ the race”等。 盲点3 先行词和关系词被分割开，应先找准先行词【例题6】Shell never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before. （2009四川卷）A. that B. which C. where D. when破解：很多考生之所以误选C是因为把先行词看成了there,殊不知定语从句的定义为：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，修饰的主体一定要是名词或者是代词，而there却是个副词，真正的先行词实际上是“her stay”. Stay作名词时可表

8、示“逗留期间”，还原到后面的定语从句中为“she found her son who had gone missing during her stay two years before”, 在从句中充当时间状语，所以答案选D ,相当于“during which time”. 【例题7】Because of the financial crisis, day are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (2009江苏卷)A. if B. when C. which D. since破解：这里真正的先行词是

9、days,只不过谓语动词“are gone”将它和定语从句给隔开了。Days在后面的定语从句中搭配介词during充当时间状语，还原后即：“local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night during those days.”所以答案选B 【例题8】I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own.(2009浙江卷)A. which B. where C. how D. why破解：这里真正的先行词是“a point”,只不过

10、已经被介词短语“in my life”和定语从句给隔开了，它在后面定语从句中搭配介词in充当时间状语，意为“关头、时候”，即“I am supposed to make decisions of my own in that point.” 所以选B.【小结】整个高中阶段定语从句中先行词和关系词被隔开一般分为三种情况：1.被副词分隔开（例题6）；2. 被谓语动词分隔开（例题7）； 3.被介词短语分隔开（例题8）。 盲点4 定语从句和强调句型的区别 【例题9】一Where did you get to know her?一It was on the farm we worked.（20

11、07山东卷）A. that B. there C. which D. where破解： 这道题很多考生误选A项，因为他牢牢记住了强调句型的经典结构“it is+被强调的部分 + 从句”。殊不知，此题中，“that + 从句”已被省略，正确答案为where。“it was on the farm where we worked”中的“where we worked”是定语从句，修饰“the farm”,被省略的部分为“that I got to know her”, 即完整的答句应为：“it was on the farm we worked( that I got to know her).”

12、【小结】强调句型中的“it be-that”实际上并没有什么特别的含义，去掉这个部分，句意还完整无缺，那就是强调句。在此，有同学肯定有疑问，认为上题如果选that的话，“it was on the farm that we worked.”去掉“it was”和that后，变为“we worked on the farm”也说得通。但大家不要忘了这是个答句，不仅本身要说得通，还要和问句“where did you get to know her?”相匹配。由此可见，解题时一定要明晰主次，读懂题干。 盲点5 定语从句和what引导的名词性从句的区分【例题10】The companies

13、 are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (2008北京卷)A. which B. that C. what D. who破解：此句中我们发现主句“The companies are working together to create ”中缺宾语，而后面的“ will be the best means of transport in the 21st century”缺主语（“they hope”作插入语）。四个选项中，由于只有what

14、在引导名词性从句时，指物，等同于“the things that”,既可在从句中作成分，又可引导从句作主句的宾语，所以选C.【小结】定语从句和what引导的名词性从句最大的差别在于：定语从句的主句肯定是完整的，而包含what引导的名词性从句的复合句，主句和从句肯定缺少主语/宾语/表语这样的成分。只要仔细分析句子成分，就很容易区分这两类从句。 盲点6 定语从句和同位语从句的区分【例题11】 There is a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is一not ever. (2002上海卷)A. that B. which C. of wh

15、ich D. what破解：此句中我们发现前面的“There is a feeling in me”结构完整，不缺成分，但“a feeling”这样的先行词极其抽象，需要一个句子来解释。而从句“well never know what a UFO is”结构完整，不缺成分，且刚好可以解释“a feeling”.但这两句话显然不是并列关系，也不是修饰关系，中间需要that这样的没有实际含义的链接词，所以选A.这也正体现了同位语从句的本质：1、先行词极其抽象；2、关系词只能用that. That仅起连接作用，不充当从句成分；3、句法功能相当于名词，对前面的名词进行解释。【小结】定语从句和同位语从句

16、最大的差别在于：1、定语从句中的先行词可以是任意名词或代词，不能省略；但是同位语从句中的先行词必须是可以被进一步阐释的抽象名词，如：dream, truth, hope, idea, feeling, news, order, fact, question, reason, belief, doubt, evidence, conclusion, result等。2、同位语从句中的关系词只能由that来充当，而定语从句的关系词则由先行词的性质来决定，that/which/who/whom/when/where/why均可充当，关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略。3、同位语从句是用来解释说明先行词的具

17、体内容，而定语从句则是用来修饰限定先行词的。 盲点7 介词和副词的区分 【例题12】A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked,“Is there a hospital around I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. that B. which C. where D. what破解：有考生看到around认为是介词马上就选了which,殊不知选了which后，句意变为：“有没有哪家医院的附近能找到治我伤手的药？”根据常理，我们可以推断他实际想问的是：“附近有没有医院能让我

18、找到治我伤手的药？”是在找医院，而不是找医院附近的某个场所。也就是说，这里的around不是介词，而是副词，在此隔开了先行词“a hospital”和其对应的定语从句。可以说，这又回到了盲点三讲的先行词和关系词被分开的第一种情况，即被副词分开。【小结】像around这样既可作介词又可作副词的词，考生做题时一定要结合具体句意来判定它到底是介词还是副词，以免误将副词当做介词用，按照“介词+关系代词”结构而误选。 总之，定语从句考查形式千变万化，花样百出，考生只有掌握好定语从句的三个基本概念；先行词和定语从句中的四大重要成分（主语/宾语/表语/状语），扎扎实实分析好句子成分，才能屡战屡胜、

19、百战不殆。   再次练习：【例题1】Is this the factory he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one【例题11】 There is a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is一not ever. (2002上海卷)A. that B. which C. of which D. what【例题10】The companies are working together to create they hope will be the b

20、est means of transport in the 21st century. (2008北京卷)A. which B. that C. what D. who【例题9】一Where did you get to know her?一It was on the farm we worked.（2007山东卷）A. that B. there C. which D. where【例题7】Because of the financial crisis, day are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (2009江苏卷)A. if B. when C. which D. since【例题2】Is this the factory you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one【例题4】一What do you think of teaching, Bob? 一I find it fun and challenging . It is a job you are doing something serious but inte