初中英语音标教学

1、初中英语国际标准音标练习儿日（20个）12个前元音（4个）i:ie?后元音（5个）a:?:?u:u中元音（3个）?:?双向8个合口双元音（5个）ei?uaiau?i集中双元音（3个）i?u?辅皆（28个）清辅音（11个）ptkfs8?:t?trtsh：浊辅音（17个）bdgvze?1d?drdzl1mn?jwr/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t/i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik/e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help

2、/?/fat/f?t/have/h?v/cat/k?t/back/b?k/hat/h?t/a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k/?:/horse/h?:s/saw/s?:/corn/k?:n/course/k?:s/salt/s?:t/?/dog/d?g/pot/p?t/cost/k?st/what/w?t/honest/'?nist/u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n/u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wu

3、d/could/kud/come/k ?m/?:/? /must/m?st/does/d?z/money/'m?ni/ugly/'?gli/nurse/n?:s/bird/b?:d/burn/b?:n/turn/t?:n/girl/g?:l/better/bet?/never/nev?/worker/w?:k?/welcome/welk?m/ei/may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid?/?u/no/n?u/home/h?um/hope/h?up/wrote/r?ut/note/n?ut/pose/p?uz/ /ai/

4、 eye/ai/ kite/kait/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/ ?' baut/south/sau 0/house/haus/?i/boy/b ?i/toy/t ?i/noise/n ?iz/voice/v ?s/point/p ?int/coin/k?in/i?/ear/i?/near/ni?/idea/ai ' di?/hear/hi?/mere/mi?/spear/spi?/ £ ?/ air/ £ ?/tear/t?/ care/k

5、 £ ?/dare/d £ ?/fair/f £ ?/there/e£?/u?/tour/tu?/poor/pu?/sure/?u?/moor/mu?/（停泊）your/ju?/p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/t?p/cap/k?p/people/pi:pl/pride/praid/b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/bl?k/bear/b£?/t/let/let/sat/s?t/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid/d/led/led/sad/s?d/feed/fi:d/do/du:

6、/dear/di?/k/lack/l?k/take/teik/clock/kl?k/class/kla:s/weekend/'wi:kend/g/big/big/lag/l?g/glass/gla:s/gum/g?m/good/gud/guest/gest/f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s?:f/favorite/'feiv?rit/v/very/'veri/five/faiv/fever/'fi:v?/serve/s?:v/never/'nev?/0/bath/ba:0/（v洗澡）thick/Oik/mou

7、th/mau0/breath/bre0/（n呼吸）thought/0?:t/author/'?0?/truth/tru:0/e/the/e?/they/eei/that/e?t/mother/'m?e?/thus/e?s/then/een/s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/k?ps/likes/laiks/stops/st?ps/?Z/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/z/close/kl?uz/keys/ki:z/boys/b/1?/catch/k?t?/cheep/t?i:p/rich/rit?/watch/wt

8、?/child/t?aild/question/kwest?n/teach/ti:t?/challenge/t?lind?/d?/orange/'?rid?/large/la:d?/juice/d?u:s/job/d?b/tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/tr?k/dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/dri?k/hundred/'h?ndrid/?/ shock/ ?W shoe/ ?u:/?she/?i:/sharp/?a:p/fish/fi/?/pleasu

9、re/'ple?/measure/'me?/television/'telivi?n/ts/let's/lets/sports/sp?:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts/dz/hands/h?ndz/birds/b?:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/st?ndz/h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h?:d/half/ha:f/l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l?:n/lead/li:d/light/lait/m/my/mai/

10、more/m?:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men/n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain/7sing/si?/wing/wi7ring/ri?/long/l?beautiful/bju:t?fl/j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/'mju:zik/student/'stju:dnt/excuse/ik'skju:z/w/work/w?:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/w?t/twelve/twelv/twi

11、n/twin/r/red/red/road/r?ud/write/rait/wrong/r?problem/'pr?bl?m/音标综合练习1 ./i:/i/e/?/bit/wi:k/di:l/ri?l/kid/dig/kwik/tip/zip/rid/wil/fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet/p?k/g?p/k?g/n?g/r?m/b?tl/sed/'h?pi/ten/red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/'setl/tr?/di'pend/

12、settletrashdepend2 ./a:/?:/?/u:/u/a:sk/ma:sk/pa:st/fra:ns/?d/l?:n/n?:t/p?:z/f?ks/s?k/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa:/la:d?/ma:k/l?:d/t?:/st?:m/p?t/kr?p/02/pr?mis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk/lu:s/sut/tuk/mud/Oru:/pul/wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3./?/

13、?/?/b?z/d?l/'h?ri/g?lf/'tr?bl/?:n/s?f/'t?:n?/'beg?/t?k/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b/?:k/?'merik/'s?k?/'k?mp/s?'vei/p?'veid/p?'h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b?:'lesk/'m?:d?/burlesquemurder3./ei/?u/ai/au/?i/

14、keip/greit/mein/pr?p?uz/'n?u?i/st?un/'?uv?/sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim/daut/'taipist/aust/m?ist/'?ist21rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./i?/?/u?/vi?/?'f?/d?/sk?Z/bu?n/gu?d/'ru?r?l/?'pi?/k?l?mb?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/m?ti?r

15、i?l/misti?ri?s/materialmysterious5./9/e/m?n0/0i:f/e?t/e?n/fei0/t?'gee?/0?k/e?m'selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves兀日曰素：/i:/【衣发长点】/I/【衣急促地发声】/e/【哎发这个音的时候不要把哎”的给读出来，嘴唇放松自然地读】/?/【哎发这个音的时候不要把哎”的给读出来，嘴唇扁平地发】/?:/【额发长音】/?/【额发短音】/【阿嘴巴微微地张开发出这个音就可以了】/a:/【啊嘴巴长到最大】/?/【哦急促】/?:/【哦声音拖长】/u

16、/【乌急促】/u:/【乌声音拖长】/eI/【有点像答应人的谈”的声音】/aI/【唉】/?I/【哦喂连着读】/?u/【呕】/au/【傲】/I?/【衣饿连着读】/£?/【哎饿连着读】/u?/【乌一饿连着读】辅音音素：/p/【普不要把口给发出来，轻音】/b/【不不要把自给发出来，浊音】/t/【特不要把6给发出来，轻音】/d/【得不要把6给发出来，浊音】/k/【克不要把6给发出来，轻音】/g/【各不要把6给发出来，浊音】/f/【福不要把u给发出来，轻音】/v/【有点像摩托车启动的声音，呜呜呜”地，但是是像发“vuvuv#,不要把U给发出来，浊音】/s/【丝像蛇吐芯子发出的那种声音，不要把给读

17、出来，轻音】/z/【就是/s/的浊音】/0/【牙齿咬住舌头的轻音】/8/【牙齿咬住舌头的浊音】/【西不要把i给发出来，轻音】/3/【衣不要把好发出来，浊音】/h/【喝不要把e给发出来，轻音】/r/【若不要把u6给发出来，浊音】/t/【七不要把给发出来，轻音】/d3/【姬不要把好发出来，浊音】/tr/【缺不要把ue给发出来，轻音】/dr/【撅不要把ue给发出来，浊音】/ts/1次不要把i给发出来，轻音】/dz/【自不要把始发出来，浊音】/m/【嘴巴闭住，然后发音，气流从鼻子出来，浊音】/n/【嘴巴微张，舌尖顶住上颗，气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴巴出来，浊音】/?/【嘴巴长大，舌头向下弯曲，气流从鼻子

18、出来而不是从嘴巴出来，浊音】/l/【有两个读首。一是放在首标结尾发呕，浊首；而是放在首标中发了，浊首】/w/【我不要把6给发出来，浊音】/j/【呀不要把a给发出来，浊音】所谓浊音，就是声带要振动的音；轻音就是发出了但声带却不振动的音所有的元音都是浊音，声带都要振动。1 .关于语音的几个概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2)音标：词的语音形式。3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand20元音。28辅音。5)元音：

19、发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有7)开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+enamebike;b)辅音+元音he,go,hi8)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。2 .元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)1)i:sea,he,see,piece,ceiling2)isit,build,miss,myth?3)ebed,desk,head,?4)?bad,land,bank,stamp?5

20、)a:car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt?6)?hot,want?7)?:door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught?8)u:good,who,blue,soup,?9)ulook,put,women,could?10)Acup,come,blood,rough?11)?:girl,work,serve,nurse?12)?cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday?13)eicake,they,play,eight,great,?14)aib

21、ike,die,neither,light,try,find,height,eye?15)?uphone,cold,boat,soul,grow?16)auhouse,town?17)?iboy,oil?18)i?dear,idea,deer,here,fierce,?19)e?pear,care,there,fair?20)u?tour,poor,3 .容易混淆的元音1)e?bedbad;men,man;pen,pan;lendland?2)i:eirealrail;greet,great;mean,main;readraid?3)eaibetbite;redwrite;saidside,h

22、ead,hide?4)au?:househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloudclause?5)auAfoundfond;gowngone;downdon4 .辅音1)ppen,?2)bbed,comb?3)ttell,?4)d,day,played,wanted?5)kcold,sky,quick,school,back,accept,box?6)gbig,go,guess,language?7)mman?8)nnine,knife,autumn?9)rbank,uncle,English,sing,?10)lland,world?1

23、1)rread,write,?12)ffive,cough,laugh?13)vvoice,of?14)0think,?15)ethis,bathe?16)ssit,miss,science,case,scarf?17)zzoo,close,?18)/sure,she,social,nation?19)/pleasure,?20)hhot,who,hour?21)wwall,what,answer?22)jyes?23)t/child,teach,catch?24)d/joke,bridge,?25)tsboats?26)dzgoods?27)trtree?28)drdream5 .容易混淆的

24、辅音1)vwvetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell?2）s0sinkthink;sortthought;missmyth;massmath?3）zeclosingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes?4）n刀thinthing;sinsing;banbangwinwing;ranrang?6 .读音规则1）重读音节（见元音和辅音的例句）2）非重读音节?banana,student,today,after,iorange,secret,evening,very,Monday7 .特殊读音1）音的连读：notatall,halfanhour

25、,Iloveyouandall.afterall2）失去爆破：goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme3）音的同化：thisyear,WouldyoudoitCan'tyouseeit8 .重音9 ）单词重音A）双音节词a）一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorryb）有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,

26、ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss,?im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late?c）有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。&#

27、39;record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content,con'tent?d）有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词，有两个重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fifteen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-

28、'war?B）多音节词a）般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.?b）有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment,?c）词尾有-eous,-g

29、rahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,sufficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tective?d）词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-es

30、e,-ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette?2）句子重音A）英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重B）英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。C）实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读（冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.D）实词不重读的特殊情况a）?实词第二次出现Hethinksofthatas

31、achildthinks.?b）?一个名词被第二个名词修饰Imetherintherailwaystation.?c)?代替词WhichbookdoyouwantThesmallone.?d)?感叹词中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!?e)?street在专有名词中WangfujingStreet.f)?this在这些短语中,thismorning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况a)情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。DoyoulikeitYes,Ido.AreyouadoctorYes,Iam.C

32、anyouhelpmeYes,Ican.?Idon'tlikeyou.Heisn'taworker.?b)情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。Theymaycomethisevening.CanitbefivealreadyHemustbeintheroom.?c)介词在句首和句尾。Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith.?d)引导复合句的连词在句首。Ifyouwish,I'llvisityou.Whenhecomes,I'lltellhim.?e)反身代词表示强调。Hecouldn'tcomehim

33、self.?英语发音连读的规则连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可音。(连读符号:(1) “辅音+元音”型连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,拼起来连读。I'manEnglishboy.Itisan01dbook.Letmehavealookatit.MsBlackworkedinanofficelastyesterday.Icalledyouhalfanhourago.Putiton,please.Notatall.Pleasepickitup.(2) “r/re+元音”型连读如果前一个词是以-r或者-

34、re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头,的元音拼起来连读。They'remyfatherandmother.Ilookedforithereandthere.Thereisafootballunderit.连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺)后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音这时的r或re不但要发/r/ ,而且还要与后面Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Hereisaletterforyou.Herearefoureggs.ButwhereismycupWhereareyourbrotherandsister但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头

35、，也不能连读。Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.(nearer与and不可连读)(3) “辅音+半元音”型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。Thankyou.Nicetomeetyou.DidyougettherelateagainWouldyoulikeacupoftea?Couldyouhelpme,please“音的同化”一常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/,didyou听上成了/dIdVu/,wouldyou成了/wudVu/,couldyou成了/kudVu/。

36、(4) “元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。IamChinese.Heisveryfriendlytome.ShewantstostudyEnglish.HowandwhydidyoucomehereShecan'tcarryit.It'lltakeyouthreehourstowalkthere.Thequestionistooeasyforhimtoanswer.(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。Isitahatoracat(hat与or之间

37、不可以连读)Thereisagoodbookinmydesk.(book与in之间不可以连读)CanyouspeakEnglishorFrench(English与or之间不可以连读)Shallwemeetateightortentomorrowmorning(meet与at,eight与or之间不可以连读)Sheopenedthedoorandwalkedin.(door与and之间不可以连读)失去爆破6个爆破音有3X/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1) “爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisful