初中英语语法专题副词

1、初中英语语法专题-副词一、副词定义：1 .用来说明事情或动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词2 .用来说明其它形容词或副词程度的词二、副词的分类副词按词汇意义和句法功能可分为时间副词、地点副词、频度副词、程度副词、方式副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词等。初中主要学习和掌握频度副词、方式副词、时间副词、地点副词即可。考点一副词的分类与位置1、表频率的副词常见的频率副词有：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly,seldom.S们一般在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词和助动词之后， Healwaysgoestoschoolonfoot

2、. ShehasneverbeentoBeijing. Sheisoftenlateforwork.2、表示方式的副词与方式相关的副词，如safely,quietly,quickly,politelyloudly,luckily,happily,easily,carefully,slowly,suddenly以及fast,late,hard,early等。此类副词位于动词之后，如果是及物动词一般位于宾语之后。 Thechildrenaredancinghappily. Theyworkhard. Thestudentsdidtheirhomeworkcarefully.3 .程度副词与程度相关

3、的副词有：very,much,only,quite,as,too,toofor,tootodo,well,almost,even,alittle,enough,rather,alot,so,such,badly,nearly,further,really,widely,hardly,abit等。它们一般位于被修饰的词前面，但enough要放在被修饰的词后面。 Icanhardlyknowhername. Thecakeissodelicious Hewasbadlyhurt. Heworkedhardenough.4 .表时间、地点、方向的副词11) 与时间相关的副词有：ago,already

4、,before,early,long,late,just,now,once,soon,since,today,tomorrow,tonight,yesterday,yet等。它们通常位于句末，有些也可位于句中如：already等。 They'llcomebacksoon. Theyhavefinishedtheworkalready.=Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.(2)与地点、方向相关的副词经常位于动词之后与动词搭配构成短语动词。outside,inside,upstair,here,there,home,near,comeback,turnleft,

5、goout三、副词的考点考点1、副词的用法和位置1) .修饰动词作状语，位于动词后。 Hewalkedquietlyintohisbedroom. Itisraininghard.2) .修饰形容词作状语，位于形容词前。Youhaveaverynicewatch.Themachineistooheavy.3) .修饰另一副词作状语，位于另一副词前。Youwalkedtooslowly,Icouldn'twaitforyou.4)有时候也修饰整个句子Unfortunately.hewasout.考点2、副词的构成:(1)多数形容词+ly变成副词.大多数副词以ly结尾recent rece

6、ntlysad sadlyslow-slowlyclearclearlyfinal finallyrealreallykind- - kindly,careful- carefully,Silentsilentlypeaceful-peacefullySafe-safely(2)以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词需改y为i加ly变成副词happy- happily,heavy- heavily, easy- easily,lucky- luckily,angry-angrily,(3)形容词不去e加ly变来的副词polite-politely,wide-widely,Safe-safely,extre

7、me-extremely(4)形容词需去e加ly变来的副词possible-possibly simple -simplyTrue-Truly,gentle-gently,comfortable-comfortablyterrible-terribly特殊：good（形容词）-well（副词）好地（welladj身体健康的）考点3、副词的比较等级副词的比较等级构成1.规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最tWj级单音节词一般在词尾加er或esthardharderhardest以e结尾的只加r或stwidewiderwidest一辅首字母加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加er或est:early-earl

8、ier-earliest多音节词和部分双音节词力口more,mostcarefullyusefullymorecarefullymoreusefullymostcarefullymostusefully注意：形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,但是副词最高级前则可要可不要。2.不规则变化原级比较级最tWj级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther（较远）further（进,步）farthest（最远）furthest（最大程度）3.副词比较等级的用法1 .“（not）as/so+副词原级+as”。这一结构

9、表示两者相似或前者不如后者。例如:Youdon'tgetupso/asearlyasI.你没我起得早。2 .“as+副词原级+aspossible/onecan"。这一结构表示尽可能地做某事。例如：Pleasegethereassoonaspossible/youcan.请尽快赶至U这儿来。3 .“副词比较级+than”。这一结构表示比对方强。例如：MikeworksmorecarefullythanJack.迈克工作比杰克细心。4 .“副词比较级+and+(同一)副词比较级”。表示越来越、例如：Heranfasterandfaster.他跑得越来越快。5 .“the+副词比

10、较级，the+副词比较级”。这一结构表示“越、就越、”例如：ThebetterIknewhim,themoreIlikehim.我越了解他，就越喜欢他。6 .“副词最高级+比较范围”。这一结构中，比较范围常为含有介词in,of或among的短语。例如:Hestudies(the)hardestamongtheboys.在那群男生里，他学习最用功。考点4、易错知识点辨析1 .兼有两种形式的副词1) close与closelyclose意思是"近"；closely意思'是"仔细地"Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosel

11、y.2)late与latelylate意思是"晚"；lately意思是"最近"Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?3)deep与deeplydeep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.4)high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchTheplanewasflyi

12、nghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，”在许多地方"Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.6)free与freelyfree的意思是"免费"；freely的意思是"无限制地"Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.2.几组易混副词1、hard和har

13、dly的区别(一)、hard可用作形容词或副词：1 .当hard用作形容词时，意为“困难的、坚固的、努力的”等。例如：It'shardforoldpeopletochangetheirways.Steelisharderthanwood.2 .当hard用作副词时，意为“努力的、困难的、猛烈地”等。例如：DoesTomworkhardathislessons?It'sraininghardoutsidenow.Don'tgoout.（二卜hardly只能用作副词，意为“几乎没有、几乎不"。例如：Icanhardlyseeanythingontheblackbo

14、ard.MyfatherhardlyeverwatchesTV.2、muchtoo和toomuch区别（一）（too）much中心词是much1 .相当于形容词，意为"morethanenough"，用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语。如:CDAmericanseattoomuchmeatinmyopinion.Idranktoomuchcolalastnight.Theworkistoomuchforher.She'safraidthetripwillbetoomuchforme.2 .相当于名词，在句子中作主语或宾语。如：Toomuchwashappe

15、ningallatonce.Youhavegivenmetoomuch.3 .相当于副词，在句子中作状语。如： Youworktoomuch.Shetalkstoomuch.（二）（much）too中心词为toomuchtoo的用法比较简单，只用作副词作状语，但它不单独使用，在句子中要修饰形容词或副词，但不修饰动词。如： Youaremuchtookindtome.It'smuchtoocold.Youaredrivingmuchtoofast.【练习】1.weshouldnoteatjunkfood.A.toomuchB.muchtooC.toomanyD.muchtoo2 .it&

16、#39;shotinaugustinNanjing.A.manytooB.muchtooC.verytooD.tomuch3 .Wedon'thavetimetoworkeveryyear.AmuchtooBsomanyCtoomuchDtoomany答案1-3ABC四、also,too,aswell,either,neither意思区另1JAlso表示"也"是比较正式的用词，also一般用于句子中，其位置在行为动词之前，动词tobe之后。如有助动词或情态动词，一般应在助动词或情态动词后，为了强调，也可放在前面。too是普通用词，口语中用的多，too常置于句末，前面

17、可用逗号，如置于句中，其前后均有逗号。注意：also,too只能用于肯定句。either用于否定句中，表示前者不、，后者也不、，其位置一般放在句尾。Neither表示"两者都不"。 Ialsowent.Youarealsowrong. Heisasinger,too.He,too,isasinger. Hedidn'tgothere.Ididn'teither. InneithercasecanIagree.Neitherofthemwantstostopforarest.3)aswellas表示“不但而且”“既是也是”“而且”“还”。如：Hegrowsfl

18、owersaswellasvegetables.他既种菜也种花。Sheshares(in)mytroublesaswellasmyjoys.她与我同甘共苦。Theyhaveaflatintownaswellasaplaceinthecountry.他们在城里有一套公寓，在乡村还有一所房子。注：有时还可译为“除之外,还"，与besides,inadditionto的用法相似。如：AswellaslearningtoswimhehasbeentakingSpanishlessonsthissummer.今年夏天，他除了学习游泳夕卜，他还在上西班牙语课。弄清强调重点，AaswellasB这

19、一结构强调的重点是A不是B,即AaswellasB=notonlyBbutalsoA,注意体会以下例句的译文：Sheiscleveraswellasbeautiful.她不但漂亮，而且聪明。HespeaksSpanishaswellasEnglishandFrench.他不仅会说英语和法语，而且会说西班牙语。Actorshavetolearntheircuesaswellastheirownlines.演员不仅要记住台词，还要记住其他演员的暗示。五、already、yet、still的区别1) already是"已经"，用在肯定句中，用在完成时中比较多，比如I've

20、alreadybeentoLondon.2) yet是"还"用于否定句，如Ihaven'tgonethereyet.此夕卜yet还有"但是"的意思，有时可以和but互换，比如Theauthoritiesclaimthatthesituationintheareahasbeenundercontrol,yetthefactisnotthecase.(当局声称此地区局势已得到控制，但事实并不是那么回事.)3) still是"仍然"，如Heshouldhavebeenkilledintheaccident,butheisstilla

21、live.(他本应在事故中丧生，但他活着.)六、ometimes、sometime>sometimes、sometimesometimes（有时）用于一般现在时、sometime（在将来某时）用于将来时、sometimes（数次）表示次数、sometime（一些时间）表示一段时间。e.g.Sometimestheygohikinginthemountains.Iwillstayheresometime.Iwillmeetyourfathersometime.题型1.选词填空（一）luckily/lucky/unlucky/unluckily1 .Thatwasanboy.helosthi

22、sparentsintheearthquake2 .Itrainedhard.,thechildrentookumbrellaswiththem,sotheydidn'tgetwet.3.1. eistopasstheexam4.Aterriblecaraccidenthappenedtohim.,hedidn'tlosehoslife（二）easyeasilyeasiermoreeasily1. Ifyouhavemoreknowledge.youcandealwiththeproblems.2. Thequestionlooks.I'msureIcanworkout

23、itbymyself.3. Ingenerally,itistosaythantodo（三）successsuccessfulsuccessfullysucceed1.Don'tworry.Iheardthattheairplanehaslandedattheairport.1.1 fyoubecomepeoplewillwatchyouallthetime.3. Ifyoutryyourbest,youwill.4. Attitudeiseverything.Details（细节）decide.（四）happyhappilyhappiermorehappily1. Becauseof

24、havingparents'love,Icangrowup.2. Look.Thechildrenareplayingoverthere.3. Thebusierheis,thehefeel.（五）safesafelysafety1.Schoolistheseriousproblem2. Pleasedrivemoreslowly.isthefirst.3. Althoughwewereintrouble.wegotthere4. Tobeisimportanttoeveryone.（六）carefulcarefullly1.LiuMingisagirl.Shedoeseverythi

25、ng2.Please beThereistoomuchtrifficontheroad.3. Youdidntwriteenough.Icantseeclearly题型2.单选题1 .Doyouthinkyesterday'smathproblemwasdifficult?Yes.Icouldworkitout.A.hardlyB.easilyC.finallyD.nearly2 .-Don'tworry.Mymotherwilllookafteryourbaby.-Thanksalot.A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.carefullyenou

26、gh3 .TheInternetisveryusefulforus.Wecanfindinformation.A.easyB.easilyC.hardD.hardly4. Asweallknow,smokingisbadforus,forchildren.A.especiallyB.recentlyC.probablyD.nearly1 .SometimesitrainsinXi'aninsummer.A.heavyB.heavilyC.strongD.strongly6 .Hedoesn'tplaytheviolinsoashisfather.A.goodB.betterC.

27、wellD.best7.ShesangasongbelieveIcanflyinYangzhouEnglishContest.Ihaveneverheardavoicethanthatbefore.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.Best8.Shelikesreadingand.A.soIdoB.IdosoC.IlikesoD.sodoI9 .-Iwon'tgototheGreatWalltomorrow.-Iwon't,.A.neitherB.eitherC.tooD.also10 .Heistiredthathecan'tgoanyfarther.A.s

28、oB.suchC.veryD.tooWhenyoudoeye-exercise,youmustkeepyoureyes.A.closeB.closesC.closingD.closedII.It'sawindyday.You'dbetterthewindows.A.closeB.closedC.closingD.toclose12.Bruceoftenhislefthand.A.keep;closeB.keeps;closedC.keep;closedD.keeps;close13. Itisveryhot.PleasekeepthedoorA.openB.openingC.o

29、pensD.opened14. Thecityisthanthetownawayfromtheriver.A. farB. fartherC. furtherD. much far15. Doyouneedexplanationtothequestion?A.morefarB.anyfurtherC.fartherD.anyfar中考链接()1.(2010.兰州)-Wherewouldyouliketogoonyoursummerholiday,Mike?- -dliketogo.A.nowhereinterestingB.interestinganywhereC.somewhere inte

30、restingD.interesting,somewhere()2.(2010-衡阳)Themorepeopledrive,thetrafficaccidentstherewillbe.A.careful;lessB.carefully;fewerC.Careful;fewer()3.(2010合肥)-Didyoufindthesmallvillageyesterday?-Yes,withoutanydifficulty,forithaschangedoveryears.A.hardlyB.greatlyC.clearlyD.nearly()4.(2011苏州)Ifyoudon'two

31、rkenough,Idon'tthinkyourdreamwillcomeA.hardly;trulyB.hardly;trueC.hard;trueD.hard;truly()5.(2011兰州)Hesaidhewouldcometoseeusthenextafternoon.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes()6.(2011芜湖)Jackisgoodatdrawing.IthinknoonedrawsA.betterB.bestC.worseD.worst()7.(2011杭州)It'stoolatetoinviteany

32、morepeople.,youknowhowTimhatesparties.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.StillD.Instead()8.(2011滨州)-Doyouoftengotothegym?- -No,.Idon'tlikesportsatall.A.alwaysB.neverC.sometimesD.usually()9.(2011黄冈)-DidKatedobestinthefinallyexam?- -No,butofallthestudentsshedid.A.themostcarefulB.morecarefulC.mostcarefullyD.morec

33、arefully()10.22011太原)Thebagthatmygrandpamadeformegetsoutofstyle,butitisstillbestthinginmymind.A.usuallyB.normallyC.gradually()11.(2011广州)-Steveisgoodatwritingshortstories.- -Soheis.Buthewritesthanus.Sohecan'tgetgoodgradesinwriting.A.mostcarefullyB.morecarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.leastcarefully()12.(2012佛山)-Didyougotothecinematosee3DTitaniclastnight?-No,Igotothecinema.Theticketsaretooexpensive.A.hardlyB.nearlyC.stillD.only()13.(2012无