英语词汇学复习提纲

1、英语词汇学复习提纲Part I概念题1. （glossary） a list of the difficult words used in a piece of writing or subject, with explanations of their meanings2. (phrase) a group of words that form a unit within a clause3. (expression) unclassified linguistic unit of any length: words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, etc.

2、4. (diction) the choice of words used in a speech or piece of writing5. (vocabulary) words in general known, learnt, used, etc. or a list of words, usually in alphabetical order and with explanations of their meanings6. (lexicon) all the words and phrases in a language or a dictionary7. (lexis) all

3、the words in a language8. (word) the smallest unit of spoken or written language which has meaning and can stand alone9. (Etymology) the study of origins and development of words10. (Lexicography) the writing and making of dictionaries11. (Lexical semantics) the study of words and their meanings12.

4、(lexicology) the study of meanings and uses of words13. (morphology) the study of how words are formed in a language14. (phraseology) the words and phrases used in a particular profession or activity, or a particular way of putting words together to express something15. (collocation) a group of word

5、s which "naturally" go together through common usage16. Morpheme: the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms17. Root: a root is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.18. Affix: a c

6、ollective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. It can further be divided inflectional and derivational types. 19. Prefix: a derivational or an inflectional affix that can be added to the beginning of a morpheme. 20. Suffix: a derivational or inflection

7、al affix that can be added to the end of a morpheme.21. Compounding /composition: a word formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit, a compound word.22. Derivation/ affixation: a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix or

8、both to the base.23. Conversion: a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.24. Initialism is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term or a phrase;

9、 it is pronounce letter by letter.25. Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc; they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters.26. Blending/hybrid: a word-formation process in which a new word is formed by combining

10、 the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms.27. Back-formation: a term used to refer to a word-formation process by which a shorter word is coined by deletion of a supposed affix from a longer form already present in the la

11、nguage.28. Clipping: a word-formation process by which a word is shortened by deleting one or more syllables from a word (usually a noun), which is also available in its full form.29. Motivation: refers to the connection between word symbol and its sense. Most English words are non-motivated. Motiva

12、tion can arise in three major ways: phonetic motivation, morphological motivation and semantic motivation.30. Polysemy : a term used in semantic analysis to refer to a lexical item which has a range of different meanings.31. Homonyms: words identical in sound or spelling or both but different in mea

13、ning.32. Synonyms: words differing in sound but identical or similar in meaning.33. Antonyms: words that are opposite in meaning34. Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the latter.35. Context in its narrowest sense

14、 consists of the lexical items that come immediately before and after any word in an act of communication.36. Euphemism: an act of using agreeable language when speaking of an unpleasant or embarrassing fact (such as death, disease, etc) and of taboo subjects (such as sex and the excretive processes

15、 of the body).37. Metaphor: is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity, in which a word or phrase ordinarily used for one thing is applied to another, a process which often results in semantic change or figurative extension of meaning.38. Metonymy: a fi

16、gure of speech by which an object or idea is described by the name of something closely related to it.Part II 常用英语词汇学术语Acronym 首字母拼音词Acronymy首字母拼音法Affix 词缀Affixation 词缀法Antonym 反义词Antonymy 反义关系Back-formation 逆构词，反成法Blend 拼缀词Blending 拼缀法Collocation 搭配，组合Complementaries 互补反义词Complete antonym 完全反义词Comp

17、osition 复合法Compounding 复合构词法Compound word 复合词、Concept 概念Conceptual meaning 概念意义Connotative meaning 内涵意义Context 语境Conversion 词类转换法Denotative meaning 外延意义Degradation of meaning 词义的降格Derivation 派生法Elevation of meaning 词义的升格Etymology 词源学Euphemism 委婉语Homonymy 同音（形）异义Hyponymy 上下义关系Idiom 成语Inflectional aff

18、ix 屈折词缀Initialism： 首字母缩略词Metaphor： 隐喻Metonymy： 换喻，转喻，借代Morpheme 词素Morphology 词形学，形态学Motivation of word 词的理据Neologism 新词语Onomatopoeic word 拟声词Phonetics 语音学Polysemy 一词多义Register 语域 Root 词根Semantic field语义场Semantics 语义学Synonym 同义词Synonymy 同义关系Word-formation/building 构词法Part III True or False Statements

19、1. It is usual that some affixes have far more frequent productive uses than others. There are some significant relations between affixes, especially antonymy, as with pre- and post-, -full and less. (T)2. Though most prefixes can occur as independent words, they can on occasion be detached to permi

20、t coordination, as in pre- and post-hysterectomy. (F)3. Compounding can occur only in three main word classes, nouns and to a lesser extent, adjectives and, to least extent, verbs. (F)4. Semantically, compounds can often be identified as having a main stress on the first element and a secondary stre

21、ss on the second element. (F)5. English compounds can be analyzed according to different criteria, such as orthographic criteria, semantic criteria, and phonological criteria. (T)6. Compounds can be divided into three categories according to word classes: noun compounds, adjective compounds and verb

22、 compounds. (T)7. Compounds indicate the relations of the compounding elements by syntactic paraphrases. (T)8. Conversion is the derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. (T)9. Conversions from verb to noun and from verb to adj

23、ective are the most productive categories. (F)10. There are two types of conversion: full conversion and partial conversion. (T)11. The most important kinds of alteration in conversion are the voicing of final consonants, and the shift of stress. (T)12. Words formed through acronymy are called acron

24、yms or initialisms, depending on the spelling of the new words. (F)13. Back-formation is the method of creating new words by removing the supposed suffixes. (T) 14. Motivation has nothing to do with the explanation for the reason that a particular form has a particular meaning. (F)15. The conceptual

25、 meaning of a word is often unstable and hard to determine. (F) 16. By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin. (T)17. Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while ref

26、erence deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. (F)18. In semantics, meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experience. (T)19. Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to obs

27、ervable contexts. (T)20. The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its words and phrases put together. (F)21. Both semantics and pragmatics study how the speakers of a language choose their words to effect successful communication. (F)22. The meaning of an isolated word from

28、a dictionary is usually abstract and context-independent. (T)23. Indo-European refers to the family languages spoken originally in Europe. (F)24. Latin and French belong to the different language groups. (F)25. English belongs to the West-Germanic language group of Indo-European language family. (T)

29、26. The first people in England about whose language we have definite knowledge are the Celts. (T)27. Certain Germanic tribes, Angles, Saxons, Frisians and Jutes were the founders of the English nation. (T)28. Old English has much less loan words compared with modern English.(T)29. The Norman Conque

30、st virtually introduced French-English bilingualism into England. (T)30. Collocation is the relationship between two words or groups of words that often go together and form a common expression. (T)31. Collocations are not transparent in meaning; that is, the meaning of the whole cannot be worked ou

31、t from the meaning of each of the words in it. (F)32. Lexical collocations normally consist of nouns, adjectives, verbs and prepositions. (F)33. A fixed lexical collocation is a collocation of two or more co-occurring lexemes in an unchanging syntactic and semantic relationship. (T)34. A Dictionary

32、of the English Language by Dr. Samuel Johnson in 1755 is a symbol for modern English Dictionary. (F)35. Websters two-volume 1828 dictionary, The American Dictionary of the English Language, published when he was 70 years old, was by far the largest and the most impressive dictionary produced in Amer

33、ica up to that time. (T)36. From pronunciation, British dictionaries as well as American ones generally use International Phonetic Alphabet. (IPA). (F)37. Bilingual dictionaries usually do not have etymological labels due to the limitation of the length. (T)Part IV. Practices for Word-formation Proc

34、esses. Section A: Explain the meanings of the following compounds in English1. Pickpocket2. Housebreaking3. Off-white4. Sleepwalker5. Brainstorming6. Self-styled7. Tenderfoot8. Good-looking9. Quick-freeze10. DragonflyKeys:1. A person who steals things from peoples pockets2. Entering a building witho

35、ut right or permission in order to commit a crime3. A color that is nor pure white but has some grey or yellow in it4. A person who walks around while asleep5. Method of solving problems in which all the members of a group suggest ideas which are then discussed6. Using a name, title etc. which one h

36、as given oneself, esp. without having any right to do so7. A person who has recently arrived in a rough place8. Having a pleasant appearance9. Freeze very quickly for storing so that it keeps its natural qualities10. Insect with a long thin body and two pairs of wingsSection B 根据例词，写出另外同类型转换的例子1. Ga

37、rage to garage _ _ _2. Water to water _ _ _3. Core to core _ _ _4. Nurse to nurse _ _ _5. Hand to hand _ -_ _6. To release release _ _ _7. To catch catch _ _ _8. To show off show-off _ _ _9. To throw throw _ _ _10. To cook cook _ _ _11. Dry to dry _ _ _12. Brave to brave _ _ _ Section C写出下列截短词的原词1.

38、ad2. Memo3. Auto4. mike5. Bike6. Bus7. phone8. Champ9. Photo10. con11. Co-op12. Plane13. copter14. Dorm15. Rhino16. flu17. Fridge18. Gas19. sub20. Taxi21. Gym22.hippo23. Lab24. Limo25.lunch26. Math27. Vet28. zoo29. Pub30. PopKeys:2. memorandum 6. Omnibus 10. Convict 11. Co-operative 15. Rhinoceros 1

39、6. Influenza18. gasoline19. Submarine20. Taxicab22. hippopotamus 24. Limousine25. Luncheon27. veteran, veterinarian, veterinary28. zoological garden 29 public house 30. Popular musicSection D 写出下列首字母缩略词、拼音词的完整写法及汉语意思1. WHO2. ASEAN3. WTO4. ISP5. IT6. WWW7. CPU8. WPS9. GM10. VIP11. CEO12. GMT13. IOC14

40、. CIA15. BBC16. TB17. VOA18. NBA19. FBI20. ROM21. DOS22. BIOS23. UNESCO24. NATO25. OPEC26. TOEFL27. AIDS28. GPS29. Radar30. SIM 31. CDMAPart V Meaning and Sense RelationSection A 把方框内词语编入三个不同的语义场Shoulder pencil book rose dictionary head pen lotus notebook neck leg chrysanthemum tulip hand daisy 1. F

41、lowers _ _ _ _ _2. Body parts _ _ _ _ _3. Stationary _ _ _ _ _Section B 从下列七组词语中各找出一个不属于该组语义场的词：. Pen pencil ink wallpaper pencil-box ruler pads . Soap towel bathtub oven basin sink perfume. Driver professor clerk student nurse guard porter. Walk stride pace plunge run stroll roam parade . Car truck

42、 bus train bicycle airplane steamboat. Red green purple pink blue sandy brown orange. Cup mug glass spoon bowl pot plate saucerSection C 将适当的词填入下列比喻词组中，使其意思完整：Pancake eggs cucumber arm beans potatoes flour butter skeleton ears blackberry sausage porridge beef toast onions . As lean as _. As long as_

43、. As white as_. As flat as _. As warm as_. As yellow as _. As plain as _. As round as _. As naked as _10.As sweet as _11. as strong as _12. as tasteless as _13. as red as _14. as plum as _15. as thick as _ 16. as cool as _Keys: 1.skeleton 2. arm 3. flour 4. pancake 5. toast 6. butter7. ears 8. sausa

44、ge 9. eggs 10. beans 11. onions 12. potatoes 13. beef 14. blackberry 15. porridge 16. a cucumberPart VI 用分类关系画出以下各组词的树形图 （不多于5层）. Track events, hurdles, jump, high jump, discus throw, field events, throw, events, walk, run, shot put, long jump, hammer throw, relays. Cow, reptile, organism, plant, po

45、rcine, ox, bird, human, mammal, buffalo, bovine, animal, ovine. Army, tank, rifle, armed forces, air force, warships, mine hunter, navy, transport aircraft, fighter-bomber. Prose, novel, fiction epic, literature, drama, short story, poetry, lyric, novelette, pastoral. Plane geometry, square, trapezi

46、um, plane triangle, quadrilaterals, rectangle, irregular quadrilateral, rhombus, parallelogramsKeys: 1. EventsTrack events field eventsWalk run hurdles relays shot put jump throw High jump long jump hammer throw discus throw2. OrganismHuman animal plant Bird mammal reptile Ovine bovine porcine Ox cow buffalo3. Armed forcesArmy navy air forceTank rifle warships mine hunter transport aircraft fighter-bomber4. LiteratureProse fiction drama poetry Novel novelette short story epic lyric pastoral 5. Plane geometry Plane triangles quadrilaterals Irregular quadrilaterals parallelograms trapezium