实用文体翻译的文体意识

1、第二讲实用文体翻译的文体意识实用文体翻译的特性实用性目的性专业性劝导性商业性译例一The word “document” comes from the Latin documentum meaning official paper. The word also carries meanings of “proof” and “evidence” . Therefore, a document is an official paper that serves as proof or evidence of something. 后一句： 单据是用来证明或证实某一事件的官方文件。实用文体翻译的文体

2、意识术语对等意识复述意识专业知识的意识词语组合意识术语对等Terminology equivalence术语：各门学科中专门用语。每一术语都有严格规定的意义。术语具有单一释义的特点。一个英语短语对应一个汉语名称如：free trade 自由贸易，关税术语，不能说 “自由交易”“自由买卖”行话 jargon 行业内约定俗成的说法，各行业为适应自身需要而创造使用的词语。专业用语，业务用语，“地道”表达法Knocking copyKnock-out agreement 用作术语的常用词Cap 上限 floor 下限 ceiling 封顶Call 赎回 ： call-adjusted yield赎回调

3、整收益率, call feature赎回特征, call price赎回价格, call provision赎回条款Call 买权/进 ： call spread买权利差, call or put(COP)买权或卖权, call option 买进型期权 译例2From the Survey Report issued by the Commodity Inspection Bureau here, you will see that there is a shortage of 868 kilos.原译由此处商品检验局出具的检测报告中可知短重868公斤。【改】从本地商检局出具的验货报告中（贵

4、方）可知短重868千克。译例3Provided we receive your order by 30 October, we make you a firm offer for delivery by the middle of November at the prices quoted.原译现按所列价格，报供11月中旬交货的实盘，以10月30日前收到你方订单为准。【改】现按所列价格报11月中旬交货的实盘，以10月30日前收到贵方订单为准。译例4Production and distribution schedules原译生产和分配计划时间表【改】生产和销售计划Priority logist

5、ics management原译优先后勤管理【改】优先物流管理Balance of trade deficit is when a country imports more than it exports.原译当进口大于出口时表现为贸易赤字差额。【改】进口大于出口为贸易逆差。Limits of liability 责任的界限 【改】责任范围Credit balanceSophisticated technology Port, airport or terminalGangHullTerms and conditionsOffshore exploration industriesKey cu

6、rrency汉译英术语名称统一的途径各大报纸杂志：China Daily, China Construction, Beijing Review,中国翻译商贸英语文献专业词典复数意识复数表示概念或名称的数量复数表示款项或有价证券两个或多个名词均用复数形容词转换成名词表示数量复数名词与单数名词所示的名称概念相同或相近Import importsStock stocksFlow flowsReserve reservesHolding holdingsShipment shipments Sale sales Supply suppliesThe balance must be matched b

7、y flows of international reserves that is, of gold into Britain. The gold inflows into Britain automatically reduce foreign money supplies and increase Britains money supply, driving foreign prices downward and British prices upward. Lucasfilm, for example, receives a percentage of the sales made by

8、 companies marketing Star-wars, thus Lucasfilms revenues increase with each additional toy that Parker Kenner sells in the United Kingdom.举例来说，卢卡斯制片公司承担了影片星球大战的部分销售任务，因此，该公司在英国的代理帕克肯勒公司每销售出一部拷贝，就能使该公司的收益增加。复数名词表示由单数名词引申出的数量或款项Damage damagesEarning earningsEffect effectsLiability liabilitiesEngagemen

9、t engagementsProceed proceedsReceipt receiptsReturn returnsThe estate agent required 2% commission on the proceeds from the sale of the house. 房地产经纪人要求收取出售房子实得款项的2%作为佣金。He sold his house and lives on the proceeds.他卖掉房子，以房款收入为生。We are sending our draft through the Bank of China on (for) documentary c

10、ollection.我们把汇票交由中国银行跟单托收。The total collections today amounts to $78990.今天收款总额为78990美元。They found difficult in meeting the engagements. 他们发现还债有困难。All expenses and risks thereinafter shall be born by your side.此后发生的一切开支费用及风险损失均由贵方承担。Another factor behind the increase in merger activity is the record

11、performance of stock market, which has enabled companies to finance major acquisitions on the strength of their inflated share prices. 原导致合并不断增加的另一个因素是股票市场的空前繁荣。股票市场的空前繁荣使得各家公司可以依赖其上涨的股票价格去资助各种大规模的购进。【改】导致公司购并增长的另一个因素是股票市场的空前繁荣。许多上市公司可以用股价上涨获得的资金为大的购并项目提供金融保障。Subject to the above stipulations, the p

12、rofits, losses and risks of the Joint Venture Company shall be borne by the Parties in proportion to their respective contributions to the registered capital of the Joint Venture Company. 原译在上述规定范围内，各方按各自对合资企业的注册资本出资比例分享合资企业的利润，并承担合资企业遭受的亏损和风险。【改】分享合资企业的利润额，并分担合资企业的亏损额和风险金。复数表示款项、费用、金额Advances 垫付预支款

13、 bank advances 银行放款Cost 成本 costs 费用Charges 费用 landing charges, surchargesAmends 赔款Benefits 救济金 补助金Credits 信贷额Expenses 开支，经费 traveling expenses 差旅费Payments 付款额Wages 报酬Profits 利润额Borrows 借款额From 1948 to 1954 the United States gave 16 Western European countries $17 billion in grants.Its founders saw ID

14、A as a way for the “haves” of the world to help the “have-nots”.Your letter of credit is to allow 2% more or less in drawings.Buyers must be responsible for all movements of the goods from inland point of loading, and pay all transportation costs.复数表示债券或股票BondsBundsSecuritiesShares and stocksWays-an

15、d-means advancesYearlingsInterestsfloaters两个或多个名词均用复数Terms and conditions条款Fixtures and fittings固定装置及设备Ways and means（达到某种目的的）方法，资金Goods and chattels个人动产Receipts and payments account收付帐Haves and have-nots富人与穷人，富国与穷国形容词转换的名词复数表示数量Movables 动产Overheads 企业管理费用Invisibles 无形出口商品与无形进口商品Receivables 应收账款Outs

16、tandings 未偿付的贷款，股东持有的股票Valuables 贵重物品Receivables turnover 应收账款周转率Cash and receivables现金及应收账款复数名词所示概念与单数概念完全不同，但是不表示量Custom customs Document documentsSpecification specificationsHand handsGoing goings专业知识的意识The largest single issue in the preparation, presentation, and verification of documentation b

17、y sellers, buyers, and banks is consistency among documents.原译在准备、提交和审查单据时，最大的问题是单据的一致性。【改】卖方、买方及银行在制单、交单和验单过程中最大的问题在于单证的一致性。Many small service firms fail to analyze their services total cost, and therefore fail to price them profitably.原译许多小型劳务公司不去分析劳务总成本， 因此无法为服务项目定出有利可图的价格。【改】很多小型服务公司因为没有分析其项目的总成

18、本而无法为其服务项目制定可盈利的价格。The credit which evidences shipments of 2000 tons of steels may be used against presentation of the shipping documents. 原译该信用证证明装二千吨钢材凭提交装船单据使用，【改】改信用证证明装二千吨钢材，可凭提交装船单据加以议付。【再改】本信用证证明二千吨钢材已装船，凭装运单证议付。Buyers or their chartering agent shall advise the Seller by fax 10 days prior to the arrival of the carrying vessel at the port of shipment of the contract number, name of the carrying vessel, approximate loading cap