订单处理与信息系统ppt课件

1、CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.Chapter 5订单处置与信息系统订单处置与信息系统Order Processing and Information Systems在物流领域，顶尖高手和平庸之辈的差距往往就在于企业物流信息技术的才干。Dale S. RogersRichard L. DawePatrick Guerra产品方案三角形产品方案三角形Product in the Planning TriangleCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.PLANNINGORGANIZINGCONTROLLINGTransport Strategy Tra

2、nsport fundamentals Transport decisionsCustomer service goals The product Logistics service Ord . proc. & info. sys.Inventory Strategy Forecasting Inventory decisions Purchasing and supply scheduling decisions Storage fundamentals Storage decisionsLocation Strategy Location decisions The network

3、 planning process 方案方案 组织组织 控制控制Transport Strategy Transport fundamentals Transport decisionsCustomer service goalsThe product Logistics service Ord . proc. & info. sys.Inventory Strategy Forecasting Inventory decisions Purchasing and supply scheduling decisions Storage fundamentals Storage deci

4、sionsLocation Strategy Location decisions The network planning process 库存战略 预测客户效力目的采购和供应时间决策存储根底知识存储决策产品物流效力订单管理和信息系统 库存决策 运输战略 运输根底知识 运输决策 选址战略 选址决策 网络规划流程Order Processing and Information Systems in Planning TriangleCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.PLANNINGORGANIZINGCONTROLLINGTransport Strategy Trans

5、port fundamentals Transport decisionsCustomer service goals The product Logistics service Ord. proc. & info. sys.Inventory Strategy Forecasting Inventory decisions Purchasing and supply scheduling decisions Storage fundamentals Storage decisionsLocation Strategy Location decisions The network pl

6、anning processPLANNINGORGANIZINGCONTROLLINGTransport Strategy Transport fundamentals Transport decisionsCustomer service goals The product Logistics service Ord. Proc. & info. sys. .Inventory Strategy Forecasting Inventory decisions Purchasing and supply scheduling decisions Storage fundamentals

7、 Storage decisionsLocation Strategy Location decisions The network planning process订单周期的重要性nImportance of the order cyclenShort cycle time used as a marketing and sales toolnMonitoring the order cycle can increase firm efficiencynEfficient Consumer Response (ECR)/Quick Response (QR)nUsed in grocery

8、industry and by mass merchandisersnPOS data used to trigger ordernKeyed to more orderly, regular flow of product, smaller inventory缩短周期时间作为市场营销和销售工具监控订货周期能提高企业效率高效消费者呼应ECR、快速呼应QR经过大卖场在食品行业运用POS数据用于触发订单更加有序，产品定期流动，较少的库存量订单处置过程中的关键要素订单处置过程中的关键要素CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.Sales orderOrder Preparation

9、 Requesting products or servicesOrder Transmittal Transferring order informationOrder Entry Stock checking Accuracy checking Credit checking Back ordering/ order canceling Transcription BillingOrder Filling Product retrieval, production, or purchase Packing for shipment Scheduling for delivery Shipp

10、ing document preparationOrder Status Reporting Tracing and tracking Communicating with customer on order statusSales orderOrder Preparation Requesting products or servicesOrder Transmittal Transferring order informationOrder Entry Stock checking Accuracy checking Credit checking Back ordering/ order

11、 canceling Transcription BillingOrder Filling Product retrieval, production, or purchase Packing for shipment Scheduling for delivery Shipping document preparationOrder Status Reporting Tracing and tracking Communicating with customer on order status销售订单订单预备：要求购买产品和效力订单传输传送订单信息 订单录入核对库存准确性审查信誉审查保管订单

12、/取消订货转录开具账单 订单履行直接提货、消费或采购包装代运货物决议配送时间预备运输单据订单情况报告订单跟踪与客户就订单履行情况进展交流5.1订单管理n订单管理是从公司收到订单的时间到仓库被通知装运货物的期间发生的一系列活动。nOrder planning-connected to sales forecastingn销售预测的订一方案nOrder transmittaln订单传送nOrder processingn订单处置nOrder picking and assemblyn订单拣选和装配n订货交货Order delivery订单周期nOrder cycle defined by the

13、seller: time from when an order is received to when the goods arrive at the customers dock.nOrder cycle defined by the buyer: time from when an order is placed to when the goods are received. Also called replenishment cyclenGetting shorternMore precise delivery timesnCustomer can track ordersnQualit

14、y is important and is benchmarked5.1.1订单预备Order Preparationn订单预备是指搜集所需产品或效力的必要信息、正式提出购买要求的各项活动。5.1.2订单传输n传送订单信息是订单处置过程中的第二道工序，涉及订货恳求从发出地点到订单录入地点的传输过程。人工方式和电子方式nMethods of order transmittalnPhonenFAXnMailnScanning bar codes-electronic submissionnPOS registersnInternetOrder transmittal5.1.3订单录入订单录入是指在

15、订单实践履行前所进展的分项任订单录入是指在订单实践履行前所进展的分项任务。包括：务。包括：核对订单信息的准确性核对订单信息的准确性检查库存检查库存保管或取消订单保管或取消订单审核客户信誉审核客户信誉必要时，转录订单信息必要时，转录订单信息开具账单开具账单5.1.4订单履行订单履行Order FillingCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.Processing rules affect order filling speed先收到先处置First-received, first-processed使处置时间最短Shortest processing time first预

16、先确定顺序号Specified priority number优先处置订货量较小，相对简单的订单Smaller, less complicated orders first优先处置承诺交货日期最早的订单Earliest promised delivery date优先处置距商定交货日期最近的订单Orders having the least time before promised delivery dateOrder Filling (Contd)CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.Question Suppose that an order contains five

17、 items, each having a stocking probability of 93%. What is the probability that the order will be filled complete?70% or ,70.0)93)(.93)(.93)(.93)(.93(.FRAnswerOrder fill rate lower than item fill rateiiPninPFR item of yprobabilit stock-in order on item of number where5.1.5订单情况的报告n1在整个订单周转过程中跟踪订单n2与客

18、户交换订单处置进度、订单货物交付时间等方面的信息5.2 订单处置举例n5.2.1工业订单处置n5.2.2零售订单处置n5.2.3消费者订单处置系统n网上渠道的订一方案订单处置过程包括nOrder processing includesnChecking for completeness and accuracynA customer credit checknOrder entry into the computer systemnMarketing department credits salespersonnAccounting department records transaction

19、n Inventory department locates nearest warehouse to customer and advises them to pick the ordernTransportation department arranges for shipment检查订单信息的完好性和准确性客户信誉检查计算机系统的订单录入市场营销部信贷员会计部记录买卖库存部找到最近的仓库，并建议他们选择订单运输部安排装运Commerce Through the InternetCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.Orders:ConfirmationShipment

20、 arrivalShipment statusCOMMUNICATION NETWORK - INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAYOrders:ConfirmationShipment noticeShipment statusDistributorCustomersSuppliersProductsLogisticsprovider通讯网络信息高速公路订单确认发送通知运输情况物流效力提供商经销商订单确认运达-通知运输情况供应商 产品5.3 影响订单处置时间的要素影响订单处置时间的要素Factors AffectingOrder Processing TimeCR (2004) P

21、rentice Hall, Inc.订单处置的先后顺序并行处置和顺序处置订单履行的准确度订单批处置Order batching分批处置Lot sizing合并运输Shipment consolidation5.4物流信息系统物流信息系统The Logistics Information SystemCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.INTERNALFinance/AccountingMarketingLogisticsManufacturingPurchasingEXTERNALCustomersVendorsCarriersSupply chain partnersL

22、OGISTICS INFORMATION SYSTEMOMSStock availabilityCredit checkingInvoicingProduct allocation to customersFulfillment locationWMSStock level managementOrder pickingPicker routingPicker assignments and work loadingProduct availability estimatingTMSShipment consolidationVehicle routingMode selectionClaim

23、sTrackingBill paymentFreight bill auditingINTERNALFinance/AccountingMarketingLogisticsManufacturingPurchasingEXTERNALCustomersVendorsCarriersSupply chain partnersLOGISTICS INFORMATION SYSTEMOMSStock availabilityCredit checkingInvoicingProduct allocation to customersFulfillment locationWMSStock level

24、 managementOrder pickingPicker routingPicker assignments and work loadingProduct availability estimatingTMSShipment consolidationVehicle routingMode selectionClaimsTrackingBill paymentFreight bill auditing内部财务/会计营销物流消费采购外部客户供应商承运人供应链同伴订单管理系统库存可得率信誉审核开具发票将产品分配给客户订单履行地仓储管理系统库存管理程度拣货线路指定拣货员和任务量安排估计产品可得

25、率运输管理系统拼货车辆调度运输方式选择处置赞扬货物跟踪运费支付运费单审核Order Management System ModuleCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.ElementsStock availabilityCredit checkingInvoicingProduct allocation to customersFulfillment locationWarehouse Management System ModuleCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.ElementsReceivingPutawayInventory managem

26、entOrder processing and retrievingShipment preparationTransportation Management System ModuleCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.ElementsMode selectionFreight consolidationRouting and scheduling shipmentsClaims processingShipment trackingBill payment and auditing5.4.2 内部运作n1.输入数据来源：客户、公司记录、公开的数据、管理层n2.数据库管

27、理n3.输出Operating Components of the LISCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.EnvironmentData inputData base activities1.Data storage Filing Retrieval File maintenance2.Data transformation Basic data processing operations Data analysis using statistical and mathematical techniquesOutput communicationsLogistics

28、manager(Decision maker)EnvironmentEnvironmentData inputData inputData base activities1.Data storage Filing Retrieval File maintenance2.Data transformation Basic data processing operations Data analysis using statistical and mathematical techniquesData base activities1.Data storage Filing Retrieval F

29、ile maintenance2.Data transformation Basic data processing operations Data analysis using statistical and mathematical techniquesOutput communicationsOutput communicationsLogistics manager(Decision maker)Logistics manager(Decision maker)DecisionsDecisionsLimits of the information system环境数据输入数据库操作1.

30、数据存储 存档 检索 文件保管2.数据转换 根本的数据处置 运用统计和数学 方法分析数据输出交换 决策物流管理者决策者Operating Components of the LISCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.EnvironmentData inputData base activities1.Data storage Filing Retrieval File maintenance2.Data transformation Basic data processing operations Data analysis using statistical and m

31、athematical techniquesOutput communicationsLogistics manager(Decision maker)EnvironmentEnvironmentData inputData inputData base activities1.Data storage Filing Retrieval File maintenance2.Data transformation Basic data processing operations Data analysis using statistical and mathematical techniques

32、Data base activities1.Data storage Filing Retrieval File maintenance2.Data transformation Basic data processing operations Data analysis using statistical and mathematical techniquesOutput communicationsOutput communicationsLogistics manager(Decision maker)Logistics manager(Decision maker)DecisionsD

33、ecisionsLimits of the information systemExploded View of the LISCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.CustomerdataCompanyrecordsPublishedinformationManagementdataDataanalysisDataretrievalDataprocessingData basemanagerInputOutputData BaseComputerfilesManualrecordsSummaryreportsStatusreportsExceptionreportsPre

34、pareddocuments:purchaseorders, bills oflading, etc.Results ofanalysisActionreportsInformation System ExamplesCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.A retail systemVendor managed inventoryE-commerceA decision support systemLIS for a Large RetailerItem soldDepartment manager reviewDeliveries from supplierSuppli

35、er- Coffee makersTransmissionRegional center main computer Corporate payroll Corporate accounting Corporate credit Inventory managementPurchase orderCorporate sales reportSales counterBar code item at storeManual register inputBar code scanningIn-store computer Credit data Payroll Accounting Merchan

36、disingCustomer credit verificationEDIItem soldItem soldDepartment manager reviewDepartment manager reviewDeliveries from supplierDeliveries from supplierSupplier- Coffee makersTransmissionTransmissionRegional center main computer Corporate payroll Corporate accounting Corporate credit Inventory mana

37、gementPurchase orderPurchase orderCorporate sales reportCorporate sales reportSales counterSales counterBar code item at storeBar code item at storeManual register inputBar code scanningIn-store computer Credit data Payroll Accounting MerchandisingCustomer credit verificationEDIEDI信息系统的重要性Benefits o

38、f Effective and Efficient Use of InformationnReplacement of inventory with informationnReduced variability in the supply chainnBetter coordination of manufacturing, marketing, and distribution nStreamlined order processing and reduced lead-timesn信息的有效和高效利用可以给物流和供应链带来很多益处。n供应链上具备了更多知识和可视性，有能够用信息取代库存n

39、经过销售点的数据，可以更多的了解顾客需求，这样可以改善方案并减少供应链的可变性n经过企业资源方案工具来更好的协调制造、营销和配送活动n协调的物流信息系统可以改良订单处置流程并缩短提早期信息管理系统的普通类型nGeneral Types of Information Management Systems信息管理系统的普通类型General Types of Information Management Systemsn办公自动化系统Office automation systemnProcess personal and organizational business datanPerform

40、calculationsnCreate documentsn通讯系统Communication systemnHelp stakeholders work together by interacting and sharing informationnExamples of usenVirtual meetingsnVideo conferencing using cell phonesnVoice-based order pickingn买卖处置系统Transaction Processing System (TPS)nCollects and stores information abou

41、t transactionsnEfficient processing of transactionsnReal-time processingnBatch processingn买卖处置系统Transaction Processing System (TPS) (continued)nElectronic data interchangenBenefitsnDrawbacksnGlobal usage买卖处置系统nTransaction Processing System (TPS) (continued)nAutomatic identification technologiesnType

42、s:nOptical character recognitionnMachine visionnVoice-data entrynRadio-frequency identificationnMagnetic stripsnBar code scannersnPoint-of-sale systems (POS) enhance decision making管理信息系统和执行信息系统nManagement Information System (MIS) and Executive Information System (EIS)nConvert data into informationn

43、Logistics information system: the people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to logistics decision makers.物流信息系统的构造和功能Structure and Function of a Logistics Information System决策支持系统nDecision Support Systems (DSS) provi

44、de information, models, or analysis tools nSimulationnArtificial Intelligence (AI)nApplication specific softwarenData mining企业资源方案nEnterprise resource planning (ERP)nAll company functional areas use a common database to:nStandardize manufacturing processesnIntegrate financial datanStandardize human

45、resource datanShortcomingsnCosts of installationnTime-consuming installation process电子商务与物流Electronic Commerce and LogisticsnInternet impacts include:nLogistics functionsnTransportationnOrder managementnChannel design电子商务与物流Electronic Commerce and LogisticsnInternet impacts (continued)nIntermediaries n4 categories of logistics exchangesnEnhancing procurement servicesnMatching shippers and carriersnExecuting relevant transactionsnTransacting with partnersnApplication service providers provide access over the Internet to