Unit4关系代名词

1、Unit 4 关系代名词关系代名词=连接词+代名词I have a friend. The friend lives in Paris.我有位朋友，这个朋友住在巴黎。I have a friend and he lives in Paris .用 and 连接I have a friend who lives in Paris. Who 不是谁的意思，是关系代名词。住在巴黎的朋友 a friend who lives in Paris, who lives in Paris补充说明 a friend. 这是形容词子句。*语顺为先行词+关系代名词但也提有下例句子例如：1. There was a

2、n old man in the apartment who was very rich.也可以这样说 There was an old rich man in the apartme nt.2. I met two girls, one of whom is my cousin.One of them is my cousin,单独出现时对的。女口果前面有 I met two girls, one of whom is my cousin. 用 whom 是对的。这句话也可以是： I met two girls and one of them is my cousin.( 介词后面用受格，w

3、ho 是主格，whom 才是受格)关系代名词的种类先行词f主格+V所有格+N受格 +S+V+介词）人whowhoseWhom / who事，物，动物whichwhosewhich人，事物，动物thatwhosethat*格的用法(1) 主格+动词：the man who talked to me.该男子和我说话who 主词 talked 动词(2) 所有格+名词：the man whose car was stolen.该男子的车被偷了(3) 受格+主词+动词：the man who(m) I met.我所会见的人主格的关系代名词(1) .主格 who先行词为人+主格关系代名词Who +动词*

4、先行词紧跟代名词*关系代名词引导的是形容词子句，就是把名词补充说明的更加清楚例如1. The man is my father.The man wears sun glasses.(合并一起 the man 重复要去掉用关系代名词来替换)The man who wears sun glasses is my father. (合并句)句中：who wears sun glasses 是形容词子句用来修饰名词man.*Who 这里是子句中的主词，也是关系代名词。不可以省略例如2. I don t likeeople.They get out of temper easily.I don t li

5、ke peopwho get out of temper easily.(2) .主格 Which先行词为事物；动物+主格关代Which +动词例：1. I live in the house.The house sta nds on the hill.I live in the house which sta nds on the hill.2. En glish is a Ian guage.It is spoke n all over the world.Unit 4 关系代名词En glish is a lan guage which is spoken all over the wo

6、rldJapa nese is a Ian guagewhich is spoke n in Japa n.主格 That先行词为（人事物动物）+主格关代名词 that +动词 例 1.帮忙医生照顾病人的人称为护士。Patient 名词是病人，动词是有耐心。帮医生照顾病人的是形容词字句。Be Patient.要有耐心。Be a good patient.当个好病人。People （who / that） help doctors and look after patie nts are called nu rses.形容词子句修饰名词 People例如 2.我喜欢这大楼幢被吴先生设计出来的大楼

7、。（先行词为事物的时候主格关代用 which 和 that 都对）I like the building which / that was designed by Mr.Wu.*主格关代其后所接的动词须与先行词一致*例：Tom is one of the boys who are fond of sports. Who 的先行词是 boys,所以是 are I know a child who is good at surfi ng.Adults don t like childwhno tell lies. *children 是复数，所以 tell 不加 s* *that 的不同用法*（1

8、）指示代名词（那个的意思）。The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei.（2）指示形容词。Look at that dog. *that 不是代名词，而是指示形容词在名词的前面。关系代名词。The boy that is playing the guitar is Jimmy. （that 又是主词又是连接词）连接词。I think that honesty is the best policy. （that 没有课代替的名词，所以只是连接词）所有格的关系代名词所有格 whose先行词为（人；事物;动物）+所有格关代whose

9、+名词例1. I know a girl.Her father is journalist. （her 是所有格）I know a girl whose _ father is a jour nalist.I know a boy whose mother is a En glish teacher.2. Look at the house.Its. roof was damaged.Look at the house whose roof was damaged. （whose roof 是主词，这个主词里面还包含所有格）受格的关代名词（1）受格 whom先行词（人）+受格关代 whom +

10、主词 + 动词 + 介词 * 口语中：受格关代 whom 也可以用 who 代替*1. The man is a teacher.She married him. （him 是受词用受格 whom 来替换）The man whom/who she married is a teacher.2. The woman has just left the office.You want to see her.The woma n whom/who you want to see has just left the office.（2）受格 which先行词为（事物，动物）+ 受格关代 which +

11、 S+ V+介词1.Here is a magaz ine.I borrowed it from Miss. Wang.Here is a magaz ine which I borrowed from Miss Wang.2.Remember the advice.I gave you the advice .Remember the advice which I gave you.Advice 是不可数名词：A piece of advice 一个忠告;Two pieces of a advice 二个忠告(3 )受格 that先行词为(人；事物；动物)+受格关代 that + S+ V

12、+介词1. The little girl is very cute.My dad is talking to her.The little girl who/ whom / that my dad is talking to is very cute.2. 我们午餐吃的三明治不好吃。三明治(主词)我们午餐吃的形容词The sandwiches that we ate for lunch were not delicious.*特别注意的关系代名词一 二(1)受格的关系代名词可以省略例如：足球是我最喜欢的运动。Which【我最喜欢的】形容词Soccer is the sport which/t

13、hat I like the best.受词关代 which/that 可省略 the best 是 well 副词的最高级，副词的最高级the 可以省略。(3)介词+受格关系代名词O+S+ V +介词，后面的介词可以拿到受格关代的前面1. The woma n (whom/that) you are speak ing of is our prin cipal.The woman of whom you are speaking is our principal.(把介词 of 拿至 U 前面来 )把介词 of 拿到前面来 of 后面的代名词一定要用受格受格关代该用什么就用什么，并且of 不

14、可代替，不可省略、介词后面一定要有受格2. The train which/that I am wait ing for is now half an hour late.which/that 可以省略受格关代所引导的形容词字句后面有介系词的时候，我们可以把介系词拿到受格关代的前面。_把介词 for 拿到前面来，1.该用什么就用什么，2.不可代替，3.不可省略，介系词拿到受格关代的前面，介词后面一定要有受格，先行词为人的时候受格关代用whom,先行词为物的时候先行词为 which，绝不可用 that 来代替。The train for which I am waiting now half a

15、n hour late. 不能用 that注意介词放在关系代名词前，关代不可用that ,也不可省略。5. 先行词有 all ,no, every, any, thing,*中文可以这样记:全部.，没有每一.，任一事物.*关系代名词只用 that1.先行词前有最高级时只能用 that今天是我们经历过的最寒冷的一天。Today is the coldest day that we have ever experieneed.(经历: 现在完成式 )2.先行词前有序数时只能用 that肯尼是首位冲出教室的男孩。Kenny was the first boy that rushed out of t

16、he classroom. (rush out of 冲出)He stands in front of me.他站在我的前面。*of 的后面如果没有对象，of 就要省略*He stands in front.他站在前面。3.先行词为 人与事物或人与动物同时出现*先行词为人的时候，主格关代用who,受格关代用 whom 但是也可以用 that*二先行词为人或事物，主格关代用which，受格关代还是用 which 但是还可以用 that 来通用*Take a look at the boy and his dog that are coming this way.4.先行词前有 疑问词 who,

17、which 用 that.*这是为了避免重复1. Who that has seen the photo of starving children does not want to help them? *Who是疑问词 *that _has (aux) seen (p.p.) the photos of starving children does not want to help them?情况不明状况不名要用单数。2. Which was the bag (that) you left in the train? 受词的关代还可以省略例如：All that students have t

18、o do is to study hard. *to 也可以省略 *=All that students have to do is study hard.*主词：Student;动词：Have* that 是受格关代，可以省略=All stude nts have to do is study hard.*All that=what *what stude nts have to do is study hard.*关系代名词 what =先行词+关代*what 不需要先行词，因为what 包括了先行词2. She has everything that a woman could wish

19、 for.她有所有女人都渴望拥有的东西。6. 先行词前有 the only; the same; the very （正是） 例如1. He was the only one that trusted me.2. This is the very novel that I ve lookedr. 这正是我一直要找的小说。现在完成时*只用 that 的口诀*1. 最高级，序数，人 +物，避免重复2. All, no, every, any, the （the only, the same. the very）不能用 that 1 .有豆点，后不能用that2.介系词之后该用谁就用谁不能用that

20、 .（4）限定用法及非限定用法（1）限定用法：对先行词的内容加以限定1. They had two daughters who become actresses. 他们有两个成为演员的女儿。句子中没有提到女儿的总数 *Who/that becomeactresses.（形容词子句）2. 非限定用法=对先行词不加限定。*仅有使句子连贯的功能-彳卜述用法They had two daughters, who became actresses.他们有两位女儿，都当了演员。句子中明确地表明只有两位女儿。比较1.限定：无逗号，可用 that 代替，受格关代可省略The old man has a son

21、 （who/that） lives in Taipei.2. 非限定：有逗号，不可用 that 代替，关代不可省略The old man has a son, who lives in Taipei.那种情况下关系代名词不能用that :1. 介系词关代2. 逗号后面的关代，不能用 that 该用谁就用谁。例女口 1. I, who am your best friend , certainly will help you. * who am your best friend 是补述用法 *例如 2. My brother, who is a dentist, is studying in t

22、he USA.（5）关系代名词的同义表现1. 名词（先行词）+主格关代名词+ V=名词+现在分词例如：There is a notice that says, “No parking ” . *t hat says 写着什么 .（都要用主动）*There is a notice saying,_ “ No parking. ”* 改成名词 + 现在分词（主动） *2. 名词+主格关代+ beV +过去分词=名词+过去分词（=被动）例女口 :This is acake which was made by Mrs. White.This is a cakemade by Mrs. White.* 该成名词 + 过去分词（被动） *3. 名词+ Who + have / has / had=名词+ with / having例女口 : She is a girl who has blond hair.She is a girl having bl ond hair.She is a girl with bl ond hair.修饰名词的字，片语，子句。*修饰名词就是形容词*（1）放在名词前的形容词，分词2.（一个字）现在分词+名词 住动）.例如 a bloom