涂料物化性能测试技术

1、1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong2漆膜缺陷原因分类:Product problems)Application problems) Equipment problems) Environment Cause) (Colour problems) 1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong3漆膜硬度不够（漆膜硬度不够（weak):描述描述(DESCRIPTION)表现为漆膜软表现为漆膜软, 很容易被很容易被划伤；划伤； 相应的相应的耐溶剂性能表现耐溶剂性能表现差。差。1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chen

2、zhong4原因（原因（cause)： 通常是漆膜树酯交链不够好通常是漆膜树酯交链不够好，而交链不够的主要因素有：而交链不够的主要因素有：树酯分子选择不合适；树酯分子选择不合适；未完全干燥；未完全干燥；高温漆或双组份漆烘烤温度不够；高温漆或双组份漆烘烤温度不够；双组份漆固化剂配比不对。双组份漆固化剂配比不对。1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong5起泡（起泡（blowing)：1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong6起泡的原因起泡的原因(cause)：通常是基底有锈迹通常是基底有锈迹(擴大）擴大）、污垢、小、污垢、小凹孔、磷化

3、渣质、水汽等被封在漆膜凹孔、磷化渣质、水汽等被封在漆膜底下，漆膜在烤干或受热底下，漆膜在烤干或受热（受熱膨脹）（受熱膨脹）时，这些物质彭涨将漆膜顶起造成。时，这些物质彭涨将漆膜顶起造成。1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong7起泡的原因：起泡的原因：底下有底下有Money!1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong8溶剂泡（溶剂泡（Solvent Popping ）描述（描述（DESCRIPTION）新喷漆膜表面有直径小于新喷漆膜表面有直径小于1MM的小气泡。的小气泡。Open topped blisters up to 1mm

4、in diameter on the surface of the most recently applied paint film.1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong9溶剂泡（溶剂泡（Solvent Popping ）起因（起因（CAUSE）Air or solvent vapour trapped by fast drying paint forming a skin. This may be due to:a) 天那水太差或太快干。天那水太差或太快干。poor quality or too fast thinner. b) 喷得太厚或两层漆之间干燥时

5、间不够。喷得太厚或两层漆之间干燥时间不够。excessive film thickness, or insufficient drying time between coats. c) 压缩空气压力太低。压缩空气压力太低。compressed air pressure too low. d) 加热太快。加热太快。drying temperature too high, heat source too close to the film, too hot, or applied too soon.1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong10溶剂泡（溶剂泡（Solv

6、ent Popping ）n预防（预防（PREVENTION）na) 确保工件表面清洁确保工件表面清洁Ensure that the surface is scrupulously clean.nb) 使用合适的天那水。使用合适的天那水。Use only recommended thinner.nc) 每层漆膜厚度合适，并适当闪干每层漆膜厚度合适，并适当闪干Apply paint in thin, wet films. Allow sufficient drying time between coats.nd) 使用正确的喷漆压力使用正确的喷漆压力Use correct compressed

7、air pressure.ne) 烘烤前适当流平，避免加热过快，热源过近。烘烤前适当流平，避免加热过快，热源过近。Allow sufficient flash off time before force drying, ensure that the correct drying temperature is not exceeded. Do not allow the heat source to be placed too close to the surface.1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong11针孔（针孔（Pinholing）描述（描述（DES

8、CRIPTION）小凹穴，通常直径小于小凹穴，通常直径小于1MM。Small cavities, generally less than 1 mm in diameter, 1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong12针孔（针孔（Pinholing）预防（预防（PREVENTION ）a)一次不要喷得太厚。一次不要喷得太厚。Do not spray too thick one time, b)烘烤之前适当流平。烘烤之前适当流平。Flashing the film before baking.c) 使用涂料厂商推荐的附料。使用涂料厂商推荐的附料。Use only

9、recommended materials. d) 正确调配油漆，使用较慢干稀释剂。正确调配油漆，使用较慢干稀释剂。Mix the paint correctly, use slow dry thinner.E）保持底材干净。保持底材干净。)Keep materials clean.1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong13鱼眼鱼眼/ Fish Eyes (cissing)好可爱噢，真的象鱼眼睛呢！1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong14产生鱼眼的原因产生鱼眼的原因(cause)：放大之后中间有核放大之后中间有核,通常是通常

10、是*素材被含硅素材被含硅silicon类的物质污染。类的物质污染。*素材未很好清洁。素材未很好清洁。* *裸手接触工件。裸手接触工件。* *油漆一次喷涂太湿。油漆一次喷涂太湿。* *油漆体质敏感。油漆体质敏感。1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong15预防预防(PREVENTION)鱼眼的产生鱼眼的产生a) Keep the part away from silicone pollution b) Thoroughly clean the surface with wax and grease remover. Do not allow cleaning so

11、lvents to dry on the surface but remove with a clean dry cloth,c) Always use the recommended materials. d) Ensure that the spraying area is properly ventilated.1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong16与鱼眼相似的其它缺陷与鱼眼相似的其它缺陷 1.水泡水泡(blister)n工件表面被溅上水珠。n你见过水性漆出现此缺陷吗？1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong17与鱼眼

12、相似的其它缺陷与鱼眼相似的其它缺陷 2.油污油污(oil pollution)n工件表面被轻质油工件表面被轻质油污染污染.1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong18起云起云/斑纹斑纹,(Clouding / Mottling )1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong19起云起云/斑纹斑纹,(Clouding / Mottling )起因起因:常见于银粉漆，主要是银粉排列不一致。主要原因有：十字交叉喷涂；使用太差的稀释剂；或稀释剂加入太少。枪未调好；喷涂手法不正确。 5素材厚薄不一（这种情况常叫应力纹）。1/29/2022Pre

13、pareed by: Liu Chenzhong20应力纹应力纹(mapping):在5220机壳上常出现应力纹的地方1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong21脏点脏点/尘点尘点/异色点异色点(Dirt / threads / Bits) 1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong22脏点脏点/纤维纤维/异色点（异色点（Dirt / threads / Bits）1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong23脏点脏点/纤维纤维/异色点（异色点（Dirt / threads / Bits）n此类缺陷目前

14、占有此类缺陷目前占有相当大的比例，您相当大的比例，您知道其主要原因是知道其主要原因是什么吗什么吗？1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong24颗粒颗粒(particles)产生原因产生原因素材本身灰尘未被去除；素材本身灰尘未被去除；油漆未过滤，油漆未过滤， 或滤网太粗或滤网太粗或太脏；或太脏；喷房、流平间、烤房等环喷房、流平间、烤房等环境被污染；境被污染；调漆间脏污，油漆未盖好；调漆间脏污，油漆未盖好；调漆罐、供漆管路、喷枪调漆罐、供漆管路、喷枪清洗不够。清洗不够。压缩空气未过滤，或滤网压缩空气未过滤，或滤网太脏。太脏。1/29/2022Prepareed by

15、: Liu Chenzhong25纤维或毛丝：纤维或毛丝：n主要来自衣服纤维，主要来自衣服纤维，人员走动太多，未人员走动太多，未穿防尘衣。穿防尘衣。n也有来自劣质空气也有来自劣质空气过滤网。过滤网。1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong26当这类缺陷很多时，当这类缺陷很多时， 怎么办？怎么办？What can I do?1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong27建议n当这类缺陷很多时，建议将缺陷样品抽当这类缺陷很多时，建议将缺陷样品抽取取30-5030-50片进行详细分类（有必要的话，片进行详细分类（有必要的话，使用放大镜观察

16、缺陷形状、颜色等），使用放大镜观察缺陷形状、颜色等），然后分析原因然后分析原因 改善改善 检察改善效果检察改善效果 制定制定SOP SOP 贯彻执行贯彻执行SOPSOP。1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong28干喷干喷/异常光泽低异常光泽低（Dry spray/loss of gloss)描述（描述（DESCRIPTION）虽然漆膜表面光滑虽然漆膜表面光滑,但漆膜表面光泽异常偏低但漆膜表面光泽异常偏低. Although apparently smooth and evenly applied, the surface lacks shine.1/29/20

17、22Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong29n起因起因(CAUSE)nMicroscopic roughness of the surface which may result from:na)底漆太差或底漆未干就喷面漆底漆太差或底漆未干就喷面漆. poor hold out of primer, or the application of topcoat over primer which is not thoroughly dry.nb)稀释剂太差或加了不合适的添加剂稀释剂太差或加了不合适的添加剂. poor quality or incorrect thinner, o

18、r the use of additives in the paint. nc) 素材前处理不当或喷漆手法不对素材前处理不当或喷漆手法不对. incorrectly prepared or poorly applied paint.nd)素材质量太差素材质量太差application over a poor substrate. ne) 高湿低温时漆膜干燥太慢高湿低温时漆膜干燥太慢. excessively slow drying due to high humidity or low temperature.nf)溶剂蒸气在漆膜表面冷凝溶剂蒸气在漆膜表面冷凝. solvent fumes o

19、r exhaust gases attacking the surface.ng)表面被污染表面被污染. surface contamination by wax, grease, oil, soap or water.1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong30预防（预防（PREVENTION ）a) 选择正确种类和比例的稀释剂选择正确种类和比例的稀释剂Use the correct proportion of recommended thinner.b) 正确的喷漆手法正确的喷漆手法: 枪距枪距, 扇形扇形, 气压气压Use correct spraying

20、 techniques, ensure that equipment is clean, set air pressure as low as possible, consistent with proper atomisation, spray from the correct distance.c) 使用合适的喷房使用合适的喷房, 确保喷房有良好的空确保喷房有良好的空气流通气流通. Use a spray booth, and ensure that air circulation and extraction is at the correct velocity.1/29/2022Pre

21、pareed by: Liu Chenzhong31漆膜太薄漆膜太薄Inadequate Colour Coverage描述（描述（DESCRIPTION）漆膜过薄可见底材漆膜过薄可见底材, 通常出现在比较难喷涂的底通常出现在比较难喷涂的底侧面等地方侧面等地方. Underlying surfaces visible through the paint film, most frequently in hard to spray areas, on lower panels or on sharp edges and contours.1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Ch

22、enzhong32n预防（预防（PREVENTION）na) 使用合适的喷涂方法确保合适的漆膜使用合适的喷涂方法确保合适的漆膜厚度厚度. Use the correct spraying technique, ensure even and adequate film thickness.nb) 使用合适的治具使用合适的治具, 合适的灯光照明合适的灯光照明; 特特别注意难喷涂表面别注意难喷涂表面. Work under good lighting conditions in a properly sized spray booth, pay special attention to inacc

23、essible areas.nc) 确保漆料混合均匀确保漆料混合均匀. Ensure that the materials are thoroughly mixed. 1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong33橘皮（橘皮（Orange Peel ）描述（描述（DESCRIPTION ）漆膜表面不平整如同桔子皮表面. Pebbled, uneven surface of the paint film, similar in appearance to orange skin.1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong34橘皮（橘皮（

24、Orange Peel）起因起因(CAUSE)a) 喷漆手法太差喷漆手法太差, 枪距枪距, 空气压力、出漆量调节不空气压力、出漆量调节不合适。合适。b) 漆膜不要喷得太厚或太薄。漆膜不要喷得太厚或太薄。c) c) 油漆品质太差、粘度调整不合适、混合不均油漆品质太差、粘度调整不合适、混合不均匀。匀。 d) 两层漆之间干燥不够。两层漆之间干燥不够。Insufficient drying time between coats. e) 工件表面温度不正常。工件表面温度不正常。Incorrect ambient or surface temperature, draughts.1/29/2022Prep

25、areed by: Liu Chenzhong35橘皮（橘皮（Orange Peel）n预防（PREVENTION ）na)使用正确的喷漆手法、正确调节喷枪。Use the correct spraying technique and ensure that equipment is correctly adjustednb)均匀喷漆。nc)使用合适的天那水，并调节到合适的粘度。 Ensure that the paint is correctly mixed, use only recommended thinner with the correct gradend) 两层漆之间充分干燥。A

26、llow sufficient drying time between coatsne) 在合适的温度范围内和良好的空气流通条件下喷漆。Spray within the re-commended temperature range and ensure proper ventilation1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong36流挂（Runs / Sags ）描述描述(DESCRIPTION )通常在垂直面等处，出现漆膜局部过厚造成大波纹、通常在垂直面等处，出现漆膜局部过厚造成大波纹、乳头现象。乳头现象。Well defined local thickeni

27、ng of the paint film in the form of a wavy line or shallow, rounded ridges, normally confined to sharply sloping or vertical surfaces.1/29/2022Prepareed by: Liu Chenzhong37流挂（流挂（Runs / Sags ）n起因（起因（CAUSE） nSlumping of the paint film due to:na)喷得过厚，空气压力太低，扇形太窄，枪距太近，喷得过厚，空气压力太低，扇形太窄，枪距太近，运枪太慢。运枪太慢。Exc

28、ess thickness of application, air pressure too low, fan width too narrow, spray gun too close to the surface or moving too slowly.nb)使用太差的天那水。使用太差的天那水。Use of poor quality or incorrect thinner.nc)粘度调整不正确。粘度调整不正确。Incorrect viscosity of the paint. nd) 素材表面或气温太低。素材表面或气温太低。Air or surface temperature too low. ne) 表面脏污。表面脏污。C