陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句

1、句子（ 陈述句，疑问句，感叹句，祈使句）一、陈述句 ：是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两 种形式。1、谓语动词是 be 动词 ,助动词 have, has, will, 情态动词 can 等时，只要直接 在这些词后面加 not 就构成否定形式。eg. Lily has already read this new book. （ 改为否定句 ）Lily this new book .2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时，必须在谓语动词前加助 动词，一般现在时加助动词 do ，第三人称单数加 does ，一般过去时加 did ， 再和 not 构成否定结构。必须指

2、出的是： don't, doesn't, didn't 后都用动词原 形。eg.1）Jill has lunch at school every day. （改为否定句 ）Jill lunch at school every day.2）The children had a good time at the party. （改为否定句 ）The children a good time at the party.3）Rose didn't drink any milk this morning. （改为肯定句 ）Rose milk this morning.二、

3、疑问句 ：是用来提出问题的句子。A .一般疑问句：以 be 动词, have /has/do 等助动词、 can/may 等情态动词开 头，以 yes 或 no 来回答的问句。它的基本结构是： Be/Have /Has/Did 等助动词（包括情态动词） 主语谓语（包括表语）+?回答常用简略回答 1、谓语动词是 be 动词、助动词、情态动词时，只要直接把这些词置于句首， 句末改成问号。eg. There's something wrong with his bike. （改成疑问句） wrong with his bike?2、谓语动词是行为动词时，必须在句首加上助动词 Do 、Does

4、 （三单）、 Did （过去式）加上这些助动词后，句子中谓语动词必须用原形。eg. 1）Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. （改成疑问 句）Edison a science lab himself when he was ten ？2）Those Japanese like Chinese food. （改成疑问句）those Japanese Chinese food? 注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候 ,要注意句中是否有 already 、 some 、something 、somebody 等词，如果有也必须

5、进行改变， already 要改 成 yet ，some 、something 、somebody 等分别改成 any 、anything 、anybo dy 等。另外，在改成否定句的时候注意把 too 改成 either,both 改成 neither, all 改成 none 等 .在改成一般疑问句的时候，常常把第一人称 I、we 改成第二人 称 you 。B. 特殊疑问句：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，提出疑问的句子。它的基本结构是： 特殊疑问词一般疑问句语序。 但是如果疑问词在句子中作主 语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有： what, who（whom）, who

6、se,which,when,where,how,why 等，回答时针对问句中的 代词和副词来回答，不用 yes 或 no 来回答。1）对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用 what The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. （划线提 问） the twins when their mother came in? Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. （划线提 问）Mrs Turner ask her son ?2）对名词前定语提出疑问，疑问词应用 whi

7、ch ，而且必须和名词连用 I'm going to take the shirt on the right. （划线提问） are you going to take?3）对指人名词或代词提问用 who ，作宾语时提问用 whom 。 eg.Li Ping,they,his father4）对物主代词和名词所有格提问用 whose 。eg. Li Ping's coat f Whose coat my father f Whose father5）对具体时间提出疑问，如in the morning,last Sunday 等，疑问词用 when ；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用

8、 what time 。6）对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where 。The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. （划线提问） th e pupils having a picnic?7）对表原因的从句提问，常见的有because 引导的从句，疑问词应用 why 。Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill. （划线 提问） Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us?8）对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词 How 。

9、eg. go by bike like very much9）对数量提出疑问，疑问词为 How many ，要注意 how many 必须跟名词的 复数形式。eg. two hundred sheep f How many sheep10）对价格提出疑问，疑问词用 How much 。eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. did you pay for the sweater?11）对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用How long 。eg. I've worked in that factory for two years. （划线提问） you

10、worked in that factory?12）对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week 等提问，疑问词用 How oft en 。13）对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times 等提问，疑问词用 How many times 。eg. did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice.A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long14）对 in 一段时间提问，疑问词一般用How soon 。eg. Jane and her brother w

11、ill finish the work in two hours. （划线提 问） Jane and her brother finish the work?15）对距离提出疑问，疑问词用 How far 。eg. It's about two kilometres from here to the country. （划线提问） from here to the country?16）另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用What's the date?What day is it ? 如果是过去时间，就用 was 代替 is。What's the weathe

12、r like?练习题1）She does exercises at home in the evening. （改成否定句、一般疑问句）She exercises at home in the evening.she exercises at home in the evening?2）He said something important at the meeting. （改为否定句 ,一般疑问 句）He important at the meeting.he important at the meeting?3）It'll take them three weeks to fini

13、sh the work. （划线提问） it take them to finish the work?4）I have to wash all the plates and things after meals. （划线提问） you have to wash all the plates and things?5）The woman in the red coat is her mother. （划线提问） is her mother?6）Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary. （划线提问） Li Ping on the dictionar

14、y?思考题1）The worker's visited the factory already. （改成否定句、一般疑问句）The worker the factory . the worker _ the factory _?2）Both of his parents are workers. （改成否定句）_ of his parents a worker.3）He went to the park with he go to the4）We really enjoyed workingWhat you really enjoy5）She writes to her parents

15、his sister. （划线提问） park?on the farm. （划线提问） ?once a week. （划线提问） she write to her parents?6）Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came. （划线提问） our P.E teacher been at this school?C. 选择疑问句：指提问者提供两种或两种以上情况 ,让对方从中作出选择的句子。它的基本结构 是：一般疑问句 or 一般疑问句（后一部分与前一部分相同的成分常常省略） 回答时，不用 yes 或 no 回答，而是选择其中一种

16、回答。eg. Would you like chicken or beef? 回答时用 I'd like beef. 填入"or"或"and": Are they sitting standing in the classroom? The students stopped talking laughing when the teacher came in. Meimei likes boat in g.（用 swim 改成选择疑问句）Meimei boating ?D. 反意疑问句：提出情况和看法来问对方是否同意的句子。 它由两部分构成： 前一

17、部分是对事物 的陈述，后一部分是简短的附加问句。1. 如果前一部分是肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式；如果前一部分是否定形 式，后部分通常用肯定形式。2. 两部分的人称和时态必须一致。3. 附加问句的主语应用相应的代词，不能用名词。4. 附加问句动词的否定应用缩略形式。1）Bill's sister is going to work in Paris next month. （改成反意疑问句）Bill's sister is going to work in Paris next m o n t h , ?2）The Reads don't enjoy living i

18、n China.（ 改成反意疑问句 ）The Reads don't enjoy living in Ch i n a,_ ?1、对于反意疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，则用yes来回答，事实是否定的，则要用 no 回答。eg. Li Lei never goes to school late,does he? 李雷上学从不迟到 ,是吗 不，他迟到。 （事实是迟到的，则用 yes 回答 . Yes,he does.） 是的，从不迟到。 （事实是不迟到，则用 no 回答 . No,he doesn't.）2、当陈述部分中含有 no, no one, nobody

19、, nothing, never, little, few, h ardly, tooto等否定词时，附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。eg.1）His aunt ate nothing for breakfast this morning. （改为反意疑问句 ）His aunt ate nothing for breakfast this morning, ?2）There's nothing wrong with the computer. （改为反意疑问句） There's nothing wrong with the computer, ？3、反意问句中要注意到有些词的缩略形式

20、。eg. 's 既是 has 也是 is 的缩略形式。 'd 既是 would 也是 had 的缩略形式。eg. He's already finished his homework.（ 改成反意问句 ）He's already finished his homework, ? He's already a little weak in English.（改成反意疑问句）He's already a little weak in English,? He's often told to come here.（改成反意疑问句）He'

21、s often told to come here, ?4、当陈述部分带有 that 从句作宾语时，附加问句的主谓一般应与主句保持一致。 但是如果主句动词是 think 时，附加问句的主谓一般应与从句主谓保持一致， 如 果 think 是否定形式，附加问句的谓语应是肯定形式。eg. 1.They said that they would call us.（改成反意疑问句）They said that they would call us, ?2.I don't think he will come. （改成反意疑问句 ）I don't think he will come, ?

22、5、陈述部分主语是 everyone, someone, no one, something, anything 等 不定代词时，指人的不定代词，附加部分主语多用 he 来代替，指物的不定代词 主语多用 it 来代替。6、当陈述部分为 there be 句型时， 附加问句部分用 be there 结构的肯定或否 定形式。三、感叹句： 用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句，句末用 感叹号。1、 一般用感叹词how或what引导，how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词。2、how 引导的感叹句，基本结构是： How 形容词 /副词主语谓语！ （主 谓可省略）eg. How beaut

23、iful the park is!3、What 引导的感叹句：基本结构是： What + a/an +形容词+可数名词（单数）+主语+谓语 ！（主谓可省）eg. What a nice girl （she is）! What +形容词+可数名词复数（或不可数名词）+主语+谓语！eg. What beautiful flowers they are！ 注意： What 感叹不可数名词时，名词前面不能加不定冠词 a/an 。eg. What a good news it is！food!类似的有： What bad weather! What hard work! What delicious练习

24、题 :（一）1) good kind girl she is!A.How B.What a C.What D.How a2)bad weather!I hope it won ' t last long.A.How B.What C.What a D.How a3) they are listening to the teacher!A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.What carefully 练习题 :(二)1)He had lunch at home. (用 at school 改选择问句) he lunch at ho

25、me at school?2) He's never late for class. (改反意疑问句)He's never late for class, ?3) Mr Brown has few friends in this town. (改反意疑问句)Mr Brown has few friends in this town, ?练习题 :(三)选择 How 或 What (a/an )填空：(1) . good news for all of us!(2) .interesting book he has in his hand!(3) . badly he hurt

26、himself!(4) .friendly she is to everyone!思考题1)Is Bruce an American an Australian?A.or B.but C.and D.so2)wonderful time we have had.A.How B.How a C.What D.What a3)modern cinema the workers are building.A.How B.How a C.What D.What a4) The twins could swim when they were four. (改为反意问句) The twins could swi