形容词副词与时态专题

1、V形容词和副词及其比较结构和特殊用法1. 形容词层迭修饰时的顺序 : 县官行令杀国才e.g. a charming big round old black Italian oak writing desk2. 副词1） 兼有两种形式的副词的不同意义和用法Clean/ cleanly, clear/ clearly, close/ closely, dead/ deadly, direct/ directly, easy/ easily, fair/ fairly, firm/ firmly, free/ freely, high/ highly, just/ justly, late

2、/ lately, sharp/ sharply2) 副词在词组中可以修饰动词、形容词、副词、限定词、名词，大多作前置修饰语，但enough 例外e.g. She cooks well enough. He didnt run fast enough.3) hardly/ barely/ scarcely：三个词在意义上都接近于否定。l Hardly 着重于强调某种困难，scarcely 含有“几乎没有，接近最低限度, 不足”的意思，两者都可与any, ever, at all 连用：He has hardly any money. /I hardly ever go out. /There

3、were scarcely twenty people there. (那儿连20个人都没有)l Barely 意为“仅仅，几乎不能”： She was barely 15 when she won her first championship.4） nearly/ almost/ quite/ ratherl almost强调“差一点就”（=very nearly）,可用于no, none, nothing等前面，但不能用not修饰； nearly表示“接近”，常可与almost换用，not修饰nearly 意为“远非”，“远不及”。 e.g. Almost no one (=Hardly

4、anyone) believes her. There is not nearly enough (much too little) food for all these people. l 在非正式语体中，quite, rather 等程度副词可做前置修饰语，修饰整个名词词组:e.g. It takes quite some time. Thats quite a story. Shes rather a fool.3. 比较结构1） asas: the same asalmost/ just/ nearly asasas many+pl. n+as, as much+U+as, as ad

5、j. a/an+ singl. n+ashalf/ twice/ three times asas （the size/number/price of）e.g. She has written as many essays as her brother (has). He took as much butter as he needed. I dont want as expensive a car as this. She gave me twice the number of cards I asked for. 2) not so muchasIt wasnt so much his a

6、ppearance I liked as his personality. (与其说不如说)It wasnt so much that I disliked her as that I just wasnt interested. 3) 含有than的结构a. 比较同一类事物时，要用other 把其排除在其他同类事物之外e.g. The film is much more interesting than all the other ones. b. 除了表示比较含义之外，morethan结构还有另外的含义:He is more a scholar than a businessman. (H

7、e is a scholar rather than a businessman.)c. no more than: 仅仅； 和一样都不 (no better than; no richer than; no bigger than; no later than, etc.) I am no more than 30 this year. = Im only/ just 30 this year. Mary is no more beautiful than Jane. 玛丽和珍一样都不漂亮。 Water is no more solid than gold is liquid. 就像金子不是

8、液体一样，水也不是固体。l not more than: 至多，不超过； 不比更 I am not more than 30 this year. = I am at most 30 this year. Mary is not more beautiful than Jane. 玛丽没有珍漂亮。l no morethan (= notany more than ) A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。l 单独使用more than 表示否定：That is more than I can tell. 4) the

9、morethe more, 表示两个过程按比例同时递增。1. The patients progress was very encouraging as he could get out of the difficulties. (2001)A. nearly B. hardly C. merely D. barely2. -Does Alan like hamburgers? -Yes. So much that he eats them almost every day. (2003)A. for B. as C. to D. so3. That trumpet player was ce

10、rtainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _ by his lack of talent. (2004)A. so much asB. rather thanC. as D. than4. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a full-loaded truck, _ to the truck. (2004)A. the greater stress isB. greater is the stressC. the stress is greaterD

11、. the greater the stress 5. It was _ we had hoped. (2006)A more a success than B a success more than C as much of a success as D a success as much as6. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not_ for her work. (2006)A enough good B good enough C as good enough D good as enough7. There are as good

12、 fish in the sea _ever came out of it. （2007）A. than B. like C. as D. so 8. It is not _much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. (2007) A. that B. as C. so D. very 9. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _a threat to the

13、human race than environmental destruction. (2007) A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more 10. What does "He wisely refused to spend his money" mean? (2008) A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money. B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner. C. He was short of mon

14、ey and didn't want to buy anything. D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money. 11. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times _ the size of St. Peter's in Rome. (2008)A. / B. that of C. which is D. of 12. A new laptop costs about _ of a second-hand one. (2009)A. the p

15、rice of three times B. three times the priceC. as much as the three times price D. three times more than the price13. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete " _ everybody came"? (2009)A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost14. He feels that he is not yet _ to travel

16、 abroad. (2010) A. too strong  B. enough strong  C. so strong  D. strong enoughADADC, BCCBD, ABBDVI动词时态和语态1. 一般现在时l 用于条件或时间状语从句，表示将来时间e.g. If it rains tomorrow, well have to cancel the picnic.2. 现在进行时1）常与always, continually, constantly, forever 等副词连用，表示现阶段经常反复发生的动作，表达说话人不满、厌烦、抱怨等情绪：e.

17、g. He is always putting us in trouble.My mum is always complaining that we are not so obedient.2) 表示计划安排中近期即将发生的动作 （句中要有表示将来的时间状语）e.g. We are having a meeting to discuss your problem tomorrow. Im leaving for New York tomorrow morning.3现在完成时1） 常与下列状语连用： already, yet, ever, never, scarcely, lately, re

18、cently, up to the present, up till now, in the past few yearsl 还与for和 since引导的时间状语连用。与for连用时完成式动词必须是延时动词，而不能是瞬间动词(ask, begin, buy, come, decide, go, hear, lose, meet, recover, return, see, stop, talk, visit)。2) It/ This/ That is the first (second, third) time that It/ This/ That is the only It/ This

19、/ That is adj. adv. 最高级形式e.g. It is the first time (that) I have heard this strange thing!This is the third time he has drunk beer.It is the only time Ive seen him.That is the most interesting book Ive ever read.3) 用于表示将来的条件和时间状语从句中，表明从句动作的完成先于主句中的动作: Ill return the book as soon as I have finished i

20、t. He wont have a rest until he has finished his homework.4. 过去完成时: hardly/ scarcelywhen, no soonerthane.g. I had hardly got home when he came. We had no sooner finished cleaning the house than mum came back.5. 将来时1） be going to/ will：表示“意图”，“预见”（be going to 以已有迹象为根据，某事即将发生）e.g. Look at those black

21、clouds! Its going to rain.2） be to a. 按照计划或安排即将发生的动作e.g. We are to have a meeting this afternoon The Queen is to visit China next month.b.表示命令、禁止或可能性等: e.g. The book is not to be taken away3) 当要强调即将发生的某件事时，用be about to来表示。6被动语态1）feel, smell, taste, look等感官动词以及write, wash, read, cut, sell等动词的主动语态表示被动

22、的含义e.g. The pen writes well./ The milk smells sweet.2) 在动词want, need, desire, require, deserve 和介词worth 之后，直接用动名词的形式表示被动e.g. My watch needs repairing. The house is worth buying.1. For some time now, world leaders _ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. (2002)A. had been pointingB. have

23、been pointingC. were pointing D. pointed2. The experiment requires more money than . (2002)A. have been put in B. being put in C. has been put in D. to be put in3. Jack _ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. (2003)A. has been missing B. has been missedC. had been

24、 missing D. was missed4. James has just arrived, but I didnt know he _ until yesterday. (2005)A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came5. _ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen. (2005)A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I

25、 have been and always will be6. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. (2005)A. betrayed; take B. had betrayed; tookC. has betrayed; took D. has betrayed; take7. The student said there were a few points in the essay he _ impossible to comprehend. (2006)A has found B was findi