俄语情态动词

1、 (Dat.) . I have to meet friend of mine. Use , , , and with nouns, and make sure the form that you use agrees with the noun (e.g. ). (Dat.) (Nom.) is like English 'For me a red pen is needed', but the better translation is 'I need a red pen'. . I need a pen. . I need wine. . I need a

2、 pencil. . I need rings. ? What do you need? Short adjectives are predicatives, i.e. they correspond to 'is/are'. The past tense is formed by adding the past forms of after : . She should (ought to) write her mother. She's supposed to write her mother. . She should have written her mothe

3、r. She was supposed to write her mother. . We should work harder (more). We're supposed to work harder. Note that with the person involved is in the Nominative case, whereas with the o-form 'have to, must' the person involved is in the Dative case (as is normal with o-forms, e.g. 'I&

4、#39;m cold'): . She has to (must) write her mother. . We have to (must) work harder (more). The predicative 'must, have to' is ambiguous when the negative particle precedes: can mean either mustn't/shouldn't or don't have to, but the usual interpretation is mustn't/should

5、n't. The unambiguous way to express don't have to is to use a form of the verb 'can, be able to' with the particle placed before the infinitive that accompanies it: 'I don't have to write', 'you don't have to write', etc. In these constructions the infinitives

6、 are Imperfective. In a more conversational style you can omit the words in parentheses. Necessity: . You have to clear off the table. Prohibition: . You mustn't/shouldn't clear off the table. No necessity: () . You don't have to clear off the table. Another way of expressing no necessit

7、y is to use the predicative . This is a handy way to give a short answer to a -question: () ? "Do I/we have to clear off the table?" , . "No, you/we don't. (It's not required.)" , () . "No, you don't have to clean up." , () . "No, you don't have to

8、clean up." , . "Yes, you/we/someone really must." The past tense of is ; it is just as ambiguous as . It can mean either shouldn't have or didn't have to. () . You didn't have to do that. or: You shouldn't have done that. The negative of 'one may, one can' is &

9、#39;one may not, one cannot'. (The usual way of forming the negative with is not possible with the word .) Use the Imperfective aspect with , unless you're talking about the impossibility of getting something done on a specific occasion: Impf. . You can't cross the street here. (No jaywa

10、lking!) Pf. . You can't cross the street now. (There's too much traffic.) and are predicative words; use the Dative case with them if you want to specify the person involved. , . The doctor said I can't get up. (I must stay in bed.) 小结：1. +v, have to do, , , and +n., need sth.的主体（人）用第三格，和后面的名词一致.。Prohibition: 否定回答用,(三格) 或 。The past tense of yt ylj is yt ylj ,kj。2. should (ought to) (有性数变化)的主体用第一格，3. “can, be able to” (有变位，主体用第一格) unambiguous way to express don't have to。The negative