写作基础练习

1、基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：1）主 + 谓（SV） I work.我工作。2）主 + 系 + 表（SVP） John is busy.约翰忙。3）主 + 谓 + 宾（SVO） She studies English.她学英语。4）主 + 谓 + 宾 + 补（SVOC） Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。5）主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd） My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。基本句型 一

2、： （主谓）1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。3. The universe remains. 宇宙长存。总结：常见的不及物动词_练习：I.画出下列句子的主语和谓语1. In the last ten years great changes have taken place in may hometown.2. The girls came, dancing and laughing.3. At the meeting lots of problems concerning fund came up.4. In fro

3、nt of the house grows a tall tree with thick leaves and branches.5. They talked for half an hour. II. 用主谓结构把下列句子译成英语1. 我的英语水平提高了很多。_2. 昨晚， 那座桥上发生了一起交通事故。_3. 一些孩子正在操场上高兴地玩耍。_4. 会议将在什么时候举行？（take place）_基本句型 二： （主系表）Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours?The weather has turned cold. The spe

4、ech is exciting.Three times seven is twenty one?His job is to teach English.His hobby（爱好）is playing football.The machine must be out of order.Time is up. The class is over.The truth is that he has never been abroad.从以上例句可以总结出表语可以由_充当。练习：I. 画出下列句子的主语、系动词、及表语部分1. The problem is what to do with the was

5、te water.2. How can the water in the sea stay calm.3. What Id like to see is an end to all the wars.4. It sounds as if a train is running under the house.5. Her job is looking after the children.II. 用主系表结构把下列句子译成英语1. 苹果派吃起来真好吃。_2. 我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。_3. 这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。_4. 这次活动的目的增强人们的环保意识。_5. 解决这个问题的

6、关键是如何筹到足够的资金。_基本句型 三： （主谓宾）They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see me.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think（tha

7、t）he is fit for his office.从以上例句可以总结出宾语可以由_充当.练习：I. 画出下列句子的主语、谓语及宾语部分1. She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.2. I wondered whether to accept or refuse the offer.3. I suggest that you listen to English programs as often as possible.4. I appreciate your coming to our party.5. Now th

8、e government pays more attention to the problem of education.II. 用主谓宾结构把下列句子译成英语1. 我喜欢做网页。_2. 他们还未被告知什么时候出发。_3. 我盼望受到你的来信。_4. 我疑惑他为什么要放弃那样一个好机会。_基本句型 四： （主谓间宾直宾）I gave him help. I sent him a book.I bought May a book. Please show me your picture. 练习：I、分析下列句子的主语、谓语动词及双宾语，并用to/for进行句型转换1. I passed him

9、the salt.=_2. She cooked us a dilicious meal.=_3. The new machine will save you a lot of labour.=_4. She sang us a folk song.=_5. Her wonderful performance won her a good reputation.=_II. 用主谓宾宾结构把下列句子译成英语1. 我替你叫辆出租车好吗？_2. 那个老人正在给孩子们讲故事。_3. 只要你不是去信心，我会给你提供机会的。_4. 他把车票给列车员看。_5. 他的诚实为他赢得了人们的尊敬。_.基本句型 五

10、： （主谓宾宾补）His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white.Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order.We will soon make our city what your city is now.从以上例句可以总结出宾补可以由_充当.练习:I. 将下列句子变成被动结构1.

11、 The government has warned the villagers of the flood._2. The boss made him work day and night._3. Many people consider it possible for us to master two foreign languages._4. I saw her chatting with Nancy._II. 将下列句子译成英语1. 我们必须保持我们学校的清洁。_2. 我认为有必要提高我们的社交能力。_3. 我们觉得他是一个诚实的人。_4. 据说他正在国外学习。_5. 我们应该禁止人们在

12、公共场所吸烟。_6. 兼职做零工可以帮助我们更多地了解社会。_判断下列句子中的定语The little boy needs a blue pen.Tom is a handsome boy.Two boys need two pens.His boy needs Tom's pen.There are two boys of Toms there.The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.The boy there needs a penThe b

13、oy to write this letter needs a pen. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。There are five boys left.The boy you will know is Tom.判断下列句子中的状语The boy needs a pen very much.The boy really needs a pen.The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs

14、 a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.Before his mother,Tom is always a boy. On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.He sits there,asking for a pen.Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.The boy needs a pen to do

15、his homework.To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business. 分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。例：错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就

16、是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过There being.的场合不能省略.如：Game (being) over,he went home.He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词

17、、介词短语、副词或名词等。如：With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡着了。The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！） 指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.

18、The nursery takes good care of our children .5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many film that Id like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?10.I have a lot of work to do .11. Anyway I wont stop you from doing it .12. I said it in fun .13. We can send a car over to fetch you .14. She had to work standi