比较级及比较句型讲义0001

1、比较级及比较句型基本特征1. 形容词和副词比较级的形式应和比较连词对应出现，即应符合原级比较及比较级的 结构。如：-Do you enjoy liste ning to records?-1find records are often as good as, or better than an actual performanee.2. 比较的成分应属于同类事物或同类概念。女口：Young readers, more ofte n tha n not, findthe no vels of Dicke nsfar moreexciting than Thackeray' s.-Thac

2、keray' s novels3. 比较级的修饰语如 a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much,rather，还有表示倍数比较的词等，他们的位置是：修饰语+asas,或修饰语+morethan 。如：Smok ing is so harmful to pers onal health that it killsseve n times morepeople each year than automobile accidents.“ Do you regret pay ing five hun dred dollar

3、s for the painting?”“ No, Iwould gladly have paid twice as much for it. ”4. 下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念：inferior , minor, senior , prior , prefer to , superior , major, junior , preferable , differ from , compared with , in comparison with , different from , rather than 。 如：Their watch is superior to all t

4、he other watches on the market.二基本用法1. 同级比较A. 基本形式“as +原级+as”结构eg. He ' s as tall as I.B. 否定的同级比较常用 not asas或not so aseg. He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.C. 变体1) as + much/ma ny + 名词 + asThere are as many students in Class 3 as in Class 4.2) as + 形原级+ a + 名词+asHe is as clever a boy a

5、s his brother.3) as + 形+不可数名词+ as4) 名词复数+as +形+ asI used to have some dolls as lovely as yours.5) the same as/ be similar to2. 比较级A. 基本结构“比较级+than ”结构He is taller than I (am tall).She sees me more often than she sees her brother.B. 变体1) 形比较级+名+ thanHe is a cleverer boy tha n his brother.2) 名+形比较级+ t

6、hanHe is a boy cleverer tha n his brother.3) the + 形比较级 + of + the two4) superior/ in ferior to3. 最咼级A. 常用“the +最高级+比较范围”eg. This is the best picture in the hall.He sings the best in the class.B. 变体1) more tha n any other2) Not+比较等级三.值得注意的比较级句型1比较级的特殊用法1)the+比较级，the+比较级此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为越就越”，女口：Th

7、e better I knew him, the more I liked him.The more difficult the_questionsare, the less likely I ' II be able to answer them.该结构一共有三条规则：1) . the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格2) . the more 后面的谓语如果是be动词的话，可以省略3) .第二个the more后面可以使用倒装，而第一个后面却不行the more, the more其实是原因状语从句，前面是原因(从句)，后面是结果(主句)， 倒装句中必须是主句倒装，从句绝对

8、不能够倒装。例 1: The stronger _ magnet, the greater the number of lines of magnetic force.(A) of(B) the(C) is the(D) is of the分析：本题显然考查” the more the more”结构，the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格，因此只能选择 B例 2: The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body ofa runner,to the body.(A) the stress it i

9、s greater (B) greater is the stress (C) greater stress is (D) the greater the stress分析：正确答案为D。此题考the more the mo句型，只有D符合这一句型的要求， 故选D。-the greater the stress it yields to the body2) the+比较级 +of the two：He is the taller of the two.She was the more promis ing worker of the two.3) 比较级+and+比较级此句型表示 越来越”，

10、如:Things are gett ing better and better every day.It ' s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.2. asas的特殊用法1) asas.句型可以用来比较两个不同事物或人的两个不同特征，表示两个事 物的状况处于同等程度或两个事物之间具有连带关系。S1 + V1 + as + adj. 1+ S2+V2+adj.2He was as experie need as his brother was gree n他经验丰富，而他弟弟初出茅庐。She is as kind as her

11、 brother is honestThe pris ons are as over crowded as the farmla nds are empty监狱里人满为患，而农田却无人耕种(两者程度相等，但是状况截然不同，以突出两者的对比）2) . as. . as.句型还可以用来比较一个事物或一个人的两个不同的特征，表示两 个特征同时存在，具有both . . . and .的含义。S +V+as + adj. 1+ as +adj.2S+V+as +n .1+as +n.2The Ian dlord was as greedy as cruelThe problems are as nu

12、merous as trivial.It is as your fault as yourwife 's .3) . as . . . as . . . can be, as . . . as any (anything ), as . . . as ever lived :表 示某事达到了无以复加的程度，最，极其。They are as unreliable as they can be .He is as great a mathematicia n as any (as ever lived ).My sister is as gree n as gree n can be .H

13、e prete nds to be as modest as anything4) as likely as not该结构并无否定含义，表示很可能之意，而且语气强烈。例如：He v/i 11 forget.白1 about ir ci.s 1 ikely as nor.类似的用法还有： as often as not，more often than not，表示经常、往往之意、。3 . not so much . . . as .:这个句型用以肯定as后面的内容，而在一定程度上否定as前面的内容，表示“与其 说还不如说Experie nee shows that success is not

14、so much due to ability as to passi onnot so much due to ability as (due) to passi onI 慣凸丄 Lm i.i.'i.l 101 so much by the plot of the story as by the actor' s已1已peFfonn/nce.4. (1) As C is to D , so is A to B这个句型表示A与B之间的关系就像X与丫之间的关系，以人们所熟知的两个事物之 间的关系说明一个不被熟知或被忽视的两事物之间的关系，是一种类比：A对于B,犹如X对于丫。例如：A

15、s l.he house I S to l.he 阳n，so is the nest to the bird.畑 food -'s r.o t -KJ body, so is readi ng to the mind .(2) A is to B what C is to DThe people is to the Party ' s army what water is to fish.Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.5. more than与less than 的相关特殊用法1) more A than

16、 B :表示与not so much . . as类似的含义，肯定的是A,而在一定程度上否定 B。 “与 其说是B,还不如说是A”。He is more brave tha n wise .Tne chi 1 d more fri ghr.ened r.h<i,n hurtI'hi.ny ijjri ents die mo'-'c of worry than of cancer when they get to knowthe truth about their ill ness2) morethan的特殊用法对同一对象的两个方面进行比较：若是对同一个人或物在不同

17、方面进行取舍时，意为 与其说倒不如”，。如：He is more hungry tha n tired.I was more anno yed tha n worried.3) more than +名词/形容词/分词:表示内容超出了后面词语所表达的范围，“不只于，超过，极其”。例如：If you tell your Sdiher wticiL 皿 dcuic， he 'll be more than a littleangry .平巳 v/ere wore t-ha.n happy to hear of your return .4) no morethan与 not more th

18、anno morethan表示对两者都否定，意为 同一样不”(=neither . no;)not morethan指两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为 不如”、不及” (=not so .as)。He is no more a writer tha n a pain ter. (= He is n either a pain ter nor a writer.) He' s no more able to read Spa nish tha n I am.(二Neither he nor I am not read Spa ni sh.)This book is not more

19、 difficult tha n that one.(=This book is not so difficult as that on e.)5) no more than与 no less thanno more thar意为 与一样不”，否定两者；no less tha表示 和一样”，肯定两者。She' s no more a great sin ger tha n I am.他不是优秀歌手，我也不是。Your brother is no less wise tha n you.你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。6) not + 比较级 + than /no +比较级+ than比较级前加n

20、ot，表示前者不如后者，与not asa相当；比较级前加no是对两者的否定，意为 和一样不”，与neithernor或“ aS相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相当。如：He is not taller than me.He is no taller tha n me.他同我一样不高。（即一样矮）His En glish is not better tha n mine.His English is no better than mine.他的英语同我的英语一样不好。（即一样差）7）no more than与 not more than 表示数量时no more than 仅仅”、只不过”，强调少

21、;not more than表示 不多于”、至多”。（无强调）This test takes no more tha n thirty minu tes.For thirty years, he had done no more tha n he had n eeded to.He has n ot more tha n three childre n.他最多3个孩子（有或许还不到3个之意）。8）. no less than与 not less than表示数量no less thar意为 多达”、有之多”，强调多；not less than表示 不下于”、至少”。女口：He paid no

22、less than $10,000 for it.He paid not less than $10,000 for it.He walks no less tha n five miles to school.他上学至少要走五英里。四.比较级及比较句型注意要项 比较结构中要注意：1倒装性例 1: Western Nebraska gen erally receives less snow tha neaster n Nebraska.(A) does(B) in(C) it does in(D) in it does分析：than引导比较状语从句，空格后面是个专有名词，肯定是比较从句的主语，

23、空 格处明显缺从句的谓语动词，只有(A)符合条件，故选(A)。注意than eastern Nebraska does是正确的语序，但是原文中使用了倒装；在比较结构的后面部分中，如果比较从句的主语长，谓语动词短，动词可放到主语前面进 行到装。例 2: Hot objects emitdo cold objects.(A) rays more tha n in frared(B) rays are more in frared tha n(C) more tha n in frared rays(D) more in frared rays tha n分析：emit为及物动词，空格处缺宾语和引导

24、比较从句的than,只有(D)符合条件注意空格后为倒装形式，do代替emit以避免重复。此题为常考的句子结构。2、对称性比较结构中还需要注意相互比较的必须属于同一种事物，例例 3： The activities of the international marketing researcherare frequentlymuch broader than.(A) the domestic marketer has(B) the domestic marketer does(C) those of the domestic marketer(D) that which has the domes

25、ticmarketer分析：本题还是考查比较句，由于谓语动词是系动词are,故先排除与其不对应的以 has和does结尾的(人)和(B)。选项D则语义不清，也可排除有这样才能满足比较的都是activities，谓语动词are因与主句谓语动词相同而被省略，因此C为正确答案。例 4： The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is greater than -.（A） that of its mi ning and farmi ng comb ined（B） mining and farmi ngcomb in ati on（C） that mining and farming comb ined（D） of its comb in atio n mining andfarmi ng分析：本题为比较句