整理好的宾语从句详细讲解

1、宾语从句讲解宾语从句（The Object Clause ）学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。一宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语：I heard that he would come here later on.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语：He saidno thi ng about who broke the win dow last ni ght.主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词一个句子作介词的宾语在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。二 宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词

2、有：连词：that （that常可省略）,whether, if代词： who, whose, what ,which畐寸词： when ,where, how, why 等。连词：He told me （that he would） go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学.I don ' t knowifthere will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，t

3、hat无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, expect, order, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mea n, no tice, request, require,等。The boy

4、 believes that he will travel through space to other pla nets.注：宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don ' t think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect ,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句

5、上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I don ' t believe that manis killed by Jim,is he我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是I expect our En glish teacher will be back this weeke nd, won't she/heWe suppose you have fini shed the project, have n't you如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词（不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair ，dislike 等）,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式W

6、e find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she n eeds no help, does n't sheYou thought they could have completed the project, did n't youThey don't believe she's an engin eer, do theyShe does n&#

7、39;t expect that we are coming so soon, does she在以下情况中that不能省略1当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。I believe （that ） you have done your best and that things will get better2、 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that 一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine

8、 green coat and his black silk cap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。I can ' t tell him that his mother died.4、当it作形式宾语时例句： She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、 当宾语从句前置时That our team will win, I believe .6、 当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agr

9、ee,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾 语时；2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：I don't know if/ whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。Whether与If使用区分由whether,if引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。女口： I don't know if /whether he still lives here after s

10、o ma ny years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用 whether，不能用if :在具有选择意义，又有 or或or not时，尤其是直接与 or not连用时，往往用 whether （ifor not 也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether / if he will come or not .（= Let me know whether or not he will come ） 让我知道他是否能来。I don't know whether/ if he does any wash ing or not .（= I don'

11、t knowwhether or nothe doesany washing .）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I won der whether we stay or whether wego 在介词之后用whether。如：rm in terested in whether he likes En glish 在不定式前用whether。如：.我不知道我们是去还是留。.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语He has n't decided whether to visit the old man whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如： Whether this is true or not ，

12、 I can't say 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人.这是否真的我说不上来。如：Whether she will come or not is still a questi on.她是否能来还是个问题。若用if会引起歧义时，则用 whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：b . If you like the book ，please let me know .你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我 只能用if 不能用 whether引导的宾语从句1、if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”

13、The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.2、 if引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didn' t come to school yesterday.3、引导状语从句even if （即使）和as if（好象）时He talks as if he has known all about it.3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如你能告诉我今天早上你为什Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning 么开会

14、迟到吗连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序 连接代词 ： who,whom,whose,which,what, 在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 连接代词一般指疑问 , 但 what, whatever 除了指疑问外 , 也可以指陈述 . Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么 .Have you determ

15、ined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗连接副词 有： when,where,why,how ，在句中担任状语的成分。He didn 't tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面 .Could you please tell me how you use the new panel 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗None of us knows where these new parts can be

16、bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到 .练习题(1) I don 't know or not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depends on the weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new student class he was in.A. which B. where C. if

17、 D. that(4) I don 't know Mr. Green will come to see us. He'll help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Don 't break the bottles. Do you hear I said David- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know Mr Black 's address is- He m ay live at or

18、 No. 19 of Bridge Street. I' m not sure of .A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really don't know .A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose三. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述

19、句语序即：连接代词 /副词 +主语+谓语+其他成分。I don ' t know what they are looking for.Could you tell me when the train will leave无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句(主语谓 语+)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1) 连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who， what，which 等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer ， please 你能告诉我谁知道答案吗Th

20、e small children don't know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西2) 连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose， what， which ， how many， how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3) 连接词+主语+

21、谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m) ， what， which ， how many， howmuch， when，why，how，where，if whether (在句中不充当任何成分)等。 如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi 他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 Could you tell me what I should do with the money 你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗4) 连接词名词主语谓语。 连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。 常见的连接词有： what，whi

22、ch ， how many, how much, how等。如：Do you know which class he is in 你知道他在哪个班吗She asked me if I knew whose pen it was 她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 练习题(1) Did you find out ?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) Are y

23、ou interested in A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I don 't know . Can you tell meA. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say- He said he wondere

24、d if into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where(6) She asked Tom with his carA. what the matter was

25、 B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what is the matter四. 宾语从句的时态 时态 含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如： I don't know when he will come back 我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2) 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需

26、要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、 过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： The childre n did n't kn ow who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。 He asked his father how it happe ned.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3) 如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态, 从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。练习题(1) It 's 7:30. I can

27、 't believe you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally.A. haven 't started B. didn 't C. don 't start D. hadn 't started(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be?(3) The teacher said that the earth round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went

28、 D. will go(4) We 'd like to tell you that you the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass(5) “Could you tell me” “Yes. They to the library.”A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone(6)

29、Our father said that he a new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys(7) I hear that he to Beijing yesterday.A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone运用虚拟语气的情况在表示建议 suggest 、advise 、 propose; 要求 demand 、 desire 、request ； 决定 decide; 命令 order 、 command、 require;坚决主张 insist;等动

30、词后跟宾语从句，用(should ) +v.(虚拟语气)Eg： I suggested that you( should ) study hard He ordered that we should go out at once虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示 的含义不是客观存在的事实。虚拟语气的用法：1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。如： May you be happy. 祝你幸福。May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。May the friendship between us

31、last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ You go out ！ 你出去！2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中：动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, 的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 按时去那儿。动词 d

32、emand, suggest, order, insist, propose后面的从句中，The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 自己洗衣服。propose, 等词后面的宾语从句表示如：他坚持要我们大家想尽办法"shouldII可以省略。如：老师建议我们课后他要求学生每周都要3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中：在句型 "I

33、t is important (necessary, strange, natural) that " 中， that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形，如：It's necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步。It's natural that she should do so.她这样做是很自然的。It's important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中：虚拟语

34、气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示 与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。A. 与现在事实相反的：If I (we,you,he,they)+动词过去式.if I (he,she) were. I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。B. 与过去事实相反的：If I(we,you,he,they)+ had +过去分词l(we)should + have+过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。If I were you, I should buy i

35、t.如果我是你，我就买了它。If I had time, I would study French.如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。明白了虚拟语气的用法就会明白什么时候需要用虚拟语气了，在表示说

36、话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑， 猜测，建议等含义，或表示的含义不是客观存在的事实时需要用虚拟语气。简化宾语从句常用六法 同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面 就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是 hope， decide ， wish ， choose ， agree ， promise 等，且宾语从句 的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.f Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. f We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是 know， learn ， remember， forget ， tell 等动词，且主句主语与从 句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how s