大学计算机基础复习资料—名词解释

1、名词解释ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)电子计算机EDVAC(Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)离散变量自动计算机CPU(Central Processing Unit)中央处理器LSE(Large Scale Integration)大规模集成电路VLSE(Very Large Scale Integration)超大规模集成电路RSA(Reliability Availability Serviceability)可靠性 可用性 服务性MIPS(Million

2、 Instruction Per Second)百万条指令/秒ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)算术逻辑单元CISC(Complex Instruction Set Computer)复杂指令集计算机RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer)精简指令集计算机FSB(Front Side Bus)前端总线RAM(Random Instruction Memory)随机存储器SDRAM(Synchronous DRAM)同步动态随机存储器DDR(Dual Date Rate SDRAM)双倍速率同步动态随机存储器DDR2第二代双倍速率动态随机存储

3、器ROM(Read Only Memory)只读存储器MROM(Masked ROM)掩膜只读存储器PROM(Programmable ROM)可编程只读存储器EPROM(Erasable PROM)可擦除编程只读存储器BIOS(Basic Input Output System)基本输入输出系统SSD(Solid States Disk)固态存储器（固态硬盘）BCD码(Binary Coded Decimal)用二进制代码表示十进制数ASCII(America Standard Code for Information Interchange)美国标准信息交码GB2313国标码OS(Oper

4、ating System)操作系统GUI(Graphics User Interface)图形用户接口PCB(Process Control Block)进程控制块FAT(File Allocation Table)文件分配表DBP(Dos Boot Record)引导扇区/启动扇区RAID(Redundant Array of Parameter Block)冗余磁盘阵列MBR(Master Boot Record)主引导记录DPT(Disk Partition Table)硬盘分区表NOS(Network Operating System)网络操作系统ES(Embedded System)

5、嵌入式系统EOS(Embedded System)嵌入式操作系统RTOS(Embedded Real Time Operating System)嵌入式实时操作系统TCSEC(Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria)可信计算机系统评估标准（橙皮书）GSP(Generic Service Proxy)通用服务代理IDS(Instruction Detection System)入侵检测系统LAN(Local Area Network)局域网MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)城域网WAN(Wide Area Network)广域网OSI(Open System Interconnection)开放系统互连参考模型NIC(Network Interface Card)网络接口卡CSTNET中国科技网 CERNET中国教育与科研网CHINANET中国公用计算机互联网 CHINAGBN中国金桥信息网Telnet远程登录协议 FTP文件传送协议 HTTP超文本传输协议 SMTP简单邮件传输协议TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)Internet运输层协议IP(Inter