一般将来时与被动语态的具体讲解与练习.

1、一般将来时讲解与练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态句中一般有以下时间状语：tonight， in the future， tomorrow, nextday(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天），in+ 段时间（在 .之后）等。二、基本结构：主语 +be going to + do； 主语 +will+ do. 主语(只能为 I /We)+shall+do三、否定句：在 be 动词（ am, is, are）后加 not； will 后加 not 成wont； shall 后加 not 成 shant例如： Im go

2、ing to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句： be 或 will 或 shall 提到句首， some改为 any, and改为 or，第一二人称互换。例如： We are going to go for a walk this weekend. Are you going to go for a walk this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New Yor

3、k soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 问干什么。 Whatdo.例如：My father is going to watch a match with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon?3. 问什么时候。 When. 例如： Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句： be going to = willI am going to go swimming

4、tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow.七、 be going to 和 will的区别be going to 和 will的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，但它们的用法是有区别的。（ 1）be going to 主要用于：1、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。E.g.What are you going to do today?今天你们打算做什么？Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。Im going to play the violin.

5、 我打算拉小提琴。Shes going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。2、表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。E.g.Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，天要下雨。I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。(2) will 主要用于在以下几个方面：1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。eg:They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。I ll come w

6、ith Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。eg:Today is Saturday.Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就（将）三十岁。3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。eg:Will you please turn on the radio?请打开收音机好吗？Will you go to the zoo wi

7、th me?你和我一起去动物园好吗？八、一般将来是特殊用法：1) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to talk about the report next Saturday.2） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。3）有些表趋向性的动词可用想在进行时表将来：例如：go，come，arrive，fly( 飞往 )，reach（到达），stay，leave，start, di

8、e.如：I m going to go to the zoo this weenend.= Im going to the zoo thisweenend.Hes going to leave for Paris.= Hes leaving for Paris.The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。4）要注意“主将从现” 这一语法现象：重要连词有： if ( 如果 )，as soon as (一.就.),when(当.时候 )，before，after，until( 直到 not.until 直到.才) , unless(=no

9、t.if 除非 ).If it rains, we won t have a picnic next week.I ll tell you the news as soon as you come back.时态详解：一般将来时1. 一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词 tomorrow, soon或短语 next year / week / month, in a few days, inthe future, sometime 做状语。如：What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么？We will hav

10、e a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。He is going to study abroad next year.明年他要出国学习。2. 一般将来时的结构及应用(1) shall / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。 特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情， 只能用此结构。如：What shall we do if he doesnt come? 如果他不来，我们该怎么办？Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空吗？I think he will tell us the truth. 我想他会告诉我们真实情

11、况的。 (from )(2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如：We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。There is going to be an English evening this week.本周要举行一个英语晚会。(

12、3) be to + 动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。 如：Who is to clean the classroom today?今天该谁打扫教室了？When are you to return your library book? 你什么时候要还图书？The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year. 这渡桥该在今年年底前完工。(4) be about to + 动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用时间状语。如：Dont leave. Li Lei is about to

13、 come. 不要走了，李蕾就要来了。Be quiet. The concert is about to start.安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。(5) be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词： come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy 等。如：Go ahead, and Im coming. 走前面一点吧，我就来。The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了。Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点，

14、商店就要关门了。(6) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如：Dont hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight不.要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。Thebusgoes backatfourthirty.汽 车 四 点 返 回 。 (from)一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。例 A：I shall not come if it rains tomorrow（如明天下雨我就不来。）例 B：My brother will leave for the United States next week（我的哥

15、哥下星期要到美国去。 ）解说 从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词“shallwill ”。关于“ shallwill ”的用法，传统文法谈得很多，同时各文法学家的理论也不很一致。更重要的是英国人和美国人对“shallwill ”的用法规则并不很一致，也不很严谨，所以本书拟只提供下面的五个规则， 相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了， 你的“shallwill ”的用法就可以中规中矩了。说或写都尽量使用 “I'll ，You'll ，He'll ，She'll ，It'll ， We'll ， They'll ”的简缩形（如用法

16、例 2、 3）。要表达主语的“意志” ，通常都用“ will ”（文法上称为意志将来。）例 A：I won't see him again（我不愿意再和他见面。）例 B：Who will go and help that poor old man?（谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人？）Mary will （玛莉愿意。）说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去，通常用“shall”。例 A：You shall not do that again（你不可以再做那样的事。 ）例 B：He shall return that book tomorrow（明天他必须把那本书归还。 ）第一人称问句使用“

17、shall”。例 A：Shall I call you a taxi ?（需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗？）例 B：Shall we tell her the truth ?（我们可以把实情告诉她吗？）问句是“Shall ?”，答句就用“shall ”；问句用“Will ？”，答句就用“ will ”。例 A：Shall you go to school tomorrow ?（你明天须要上学去吗？）Yes， I shall We'll have an exam （是的，我必须去。我们明天有考试。 ）例 B：Will you go to school with me tomorrow?（明天你

18、要不要和我一道去学校？）No， I won't I'm going on a picnic（我不要。我已定好要去郊游。 ）注： Let's ”的附加疑问通常使用“ ，shall we ?”。Let's have a rest， shall we?（我们休息一下，怎样？）一般将来时除了使用“shallwill V ”以外，也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达。1be going to V（即将会 ；打算将 ）例 A：It is going to rain Take an umbrella with you（带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。 ）例 B：The Browns

19、are going to move to Australia（布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。 ）2be about to V （即将 ，指紧接着要发生的动作。 ）例： Let's wait a minute He is about to arrive（我们等一下。他即将会到达。 ）3be Ving （定于 ，指接近的将来动作。 ）例： He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning （他定于明天早晨到香港去。 ）4be to V （定于 ，指预定的将来动作。 ）例： She is to be here at 9：00 am tomorrow

20、（她定于明晨九时到达这里。 ）5V（ e）s （定于 ，指接近的将来动作，但不如第3 项主观。）例： He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning（他定于明天早晨到香港去。与（3）项的区别在于（ 3）项的动作是出自主语的决定， （5）项则不一定是出自主语的决定。 ）常用于修饰一般将来时的时间副词有：tomorrow ，tomorrowmorning （afternoon， evening）， next 时间 （next night， next Monday ， next week， month ， next summer ， next year），in （t

21、he） future （将来），soon （不久之后），in 时间 （in five days再过五天， in two weeks再过二星期），etcDrilling Square请在下列各题空格处填入shall 或 will 。1You _ not drive through a red light2I _ do everything for her3_ you help me with this heavy bag， John?4_ I help you with that heavy bag， Madam?5Let's go and take a walk after dinne

22、r， _ we?6"No one _ leave the classroom if I haven't said Okay，" saidthe teacher7It _ soon be over， I am sure8Do what you _ ， but don't go out9I _ take you there with me， if it's OK with your mother 10Rain or shine， I _ come请在下列各题空格处就所设动词给予适当的将来时。1A：How do you want to go to Hual

23、ain， by air or by train?B：I am not in a hurry this time， so I （1） take the train2A：（2） （you like） to go to the game this afternoon?B：I'd love to Where （3） （we meet） ?A：You just stay home and wait for me I （4） drive my car there，so I （5） （pick） you up at about 1：30 3A：It's a good dictionary I

24、 （6）（buy） it ， but I don't havemoney with me nowB：Don't worry I （7） （lend） you4A：I hear Miss Chen （8） leave our school and teach in a biggerschool in TaipeiB：But the principal （校长） （9） not let her go He says she（ 10） teach at least for another semester until he finds a new teacher情况一般情况构成方法加

25、 s读音1清辅音后读例词/s/；mapmaps2浊辅音和元音后bagbags读 /z/；carcars以 s， sh， ch，x 等结尾的词加 es 读 /iz/busbuseswatchwatches以 ce， se， ze，（d）ge 等结尾的词以辅音字母y 结尾的词变 y加 s为 i 加读 es/iz/读 /z/licenselicenses baby babies练习：一、填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I _ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛 ? 我想去打篮球。What_ _ _ _ _ nextMonday?I

26、_ play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_yourmother_goshoppingthis_?Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面？What time _ you _ meet?二、改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping（.改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomo

27、rrow（.改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30（.改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30?9. She is going to listen to music after school（.对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上 )_ _ going

28、to see a play the day after tomorrow?三、用所给词的适当形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is raining ,he _ (go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends?I usually _ (wa

29、tch) TV and _(catch) insects?15. It s Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend?She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects（害虫） .16. What _ (do) you do on Sundays? I _ (pick) apples on a farm.What _ (do) next Sunday?I _ (milk)cows.17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites i

30、n the playground after school every Friday.19. David _ (give) a painting show next Monday.20. I _ (plan) for my study now.21.We _(buy) him a pen for his birthday next week.22.I_(call)you when I get there.23._ I _(begin)to play computer games?24.Ifit_(be) sunny tomorrow, we_ (have)a picnicoutside.25.

31、I_(tell)him the news when I see him at the office.26.There _(not be)a football match next month.27.-_he_(give)a talk on“Works of art”next Friday?-No, he _. He _ (visit) the Palace Museum.28. Where_Tom_ (go) the day after tomorrow?29. She _ (not go) swimming this weekend.30. She _(watch) TV every eve

32、ning. But she _ (not watch) TV tonight.四、单项选择：1.Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will gives B. will giveC. givesD. give2.He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.A. gives B. gave C. will give D. is goinggiving3. He _in three days.A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D.

33、 is going to coming back4. Who _ _ swimming with us tomorrow afternoon?A. will; go B. do; goC. will; goingD. shall; goes5. The day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball match.A. will watchB. watches C. is watchingD. to watch6. They _ an English evening next Sunday.A. are having B. are going to haveC. w

34、ill havingD. is goingto have7. _ you _ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be8. He _ there at ten tomorrow morning.A. willB. isC. will beD. be9. I _ _ a teacher in the future. A. will, be B. is, be C. is, being D. will, is10.They _ _ to the park next Sunday. A. will goes B.

35、will go C.is going D. will go11.My family _ _ to church next weekend.A. will go B. goesC. will going D. is going12.My mother will _ me a pencil tonight.A. gives B. giving C.give13.He _ play football tomorrow.A. willB. isC. be14.My grandpa and grandma _ to see us in two days.A. will coming B. will co

36、me C. is coming D. are coming15.She _ _ TV this evening. A. wills watch B. will watching C. iswatching D. will watch16.My grandpa _ _ at home the day after tomorrow.A. will stay B. wills stay C. will stays D. is staying17.Mom will _ back soon.A. comes B. coming C. comes D. Come朋友们，看看自己掌握一般将来了吗？如果掌握了

37、，那就认真复习，好好巩固！再接再厉！如果还没有，再多看几遍，多做些题，相信你很快就会掌握的！加油啊！(表预测性 )及打算、计划或准备做某事(表计划性 )。被动语态一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种： 主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式， 一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被” 、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。如：They didnt offer Ann the job. （主动语态）Ann wasnt offered the

38、job. （被动语态）安没得到这份工作。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变 be 的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种形式现以动词 clean为例列表说明：2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite 为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为： 情态动词 +be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成， “be+过去分词”部分不变。如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables cou

39、ld be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone?桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）三、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。The old bridge was built many years ago. 这座古桥是许多年前建造的。He was elected chairman他.被选为主席。2、强调动作的承受者。动作的执行者由by 引导置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。Your plan is considered to be the best.你的计划被认为是最好的。3

40、、动作的执行者是无生命的事物。The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。4. 避免更换主语，如：Once a promise is made, it shouldnt be broken. 诺言一旦许下，就不能违背。Mothers love their children and children are sure to love their mothers.母亲爱孩子，孩子当然也爱母亲了。5. 使句子保持平衡，如：The lectu

41、re will be made by Joe Smith, who is a young artist from the States.乔·史密斯将来做报告，他是一位年轻的美国艺术家。（Joe Smith有一个非限定性定语从句，所以后置）四、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示：1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：（ 1）将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。如：（ 2）将动词改为 “ be+过去分词”，be 与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变。（ 3）将主动语态的主语前加 by 放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，要变为宾格。They held a meeting yeste

42、rday. A meeting was held （bythem） yesterday.他们昨天开会了。昨天举行了一个会议。They wont forgive me. I wont be forgiven by them.他们不会原谅我的。我不会被他们原谅的。2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：（ 1）主动句中的主语如果是 people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等，变为被动句时，通常删去“ by ”，除非强调原主语。如：They set up this hospital in 1975. This hospital was set upin

43、 1975.这所医院建于 1975 年。Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。The job can be finished only by him. 这项工作只能由他来完成。（ 2）含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth杰.克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.（ 3）含有宾语 +宾语补足语的句子， 变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语了；注意：不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语时，变成被动时要加上 to。I heart Emily sing the song just now. Emily was heard to sing the song just now.我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首