2018年12月四级真题第二套

1、v1.0可编辑可修改2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）Part IWriting(30minutes)14Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstudyingabroad.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Part IIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsre

2、ports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmark the corresponding letter onAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2areba

3、sedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1. A)Amanwaspulledtosafetyafterabuildingcollapse.B) Abeamabouttenfeetlongcollapsedtotheground.C) Arescueworkergottrappedinthebasement.D) Adeserted100-year-oldbuildingcaughtfire.2. A)Hesufferedafatalinjuryinanaccident.B) Heonceservedinafiredepartment.C) Hewascollect

4、ingbuildingmaterials.D) Hemovedintohisneighbor'soldhouse.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3. A)Improvethemathsskillsofhighschoolteachers.B) ChangeBritishpeople'snegativeviewofmaths.C) HelpBritishpeopleunderstandtheirpaychecks.D) Launchacampaigntopromotemathsteaching.4. A

5、)Childrentakemathscoursesatanearlierage.B) Thepublicseesthevalueofmathsintheirlife.C) Britishpeopleknowhowtodoelementarycalculations.D) Primaryschoolteachersunderstandbasicmathsconcepts.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5. A)Heownsafleetofaircraft.B) Heislearningtobeapilot.C) Here

6、gardshisroyaldutiesasaburden.D) Heheldapart-timejobforover20years.6. A)Hecandemonstratehissuperiorpilotingskills.B) Hecanchangehisfocusofattentionandrelax.C) Hecanshowhisdifferencefromotherroyalty.D) Hecancomeintoclosercontactwithhispeople.7. A)Theyenjoyedhiscompany.B) Theylikedhiminhisuniform.C) Th

7、eyrarelyrecognisedhim.D) Theyweresurprisedtoseehim.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)

8、,C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8. A)Theywereskilledcarpentersthemselves.B) Itdidn'tneedmuchcapitaltostartwith.C) WoodsupplywasplentifulinRomania.D) Theysawabusinessopportunitythere.9. A

9、)Providequalityfurnitureataffordableprices.B) Attractforeigninvestmenttoexpandbusiness.C) Enlargetheircompanybyhiringmoreworkers.D) OpensomemorebranchcompaniesinGermany.10. A)Theyarefromherhometown.B) TheyareimportedfromGermany.C) TheyallcomefromRomania.D) Theycomefromalloverthecontinent.11. A)Allac

10、rossEurope.B)Throughouttheworld.C)MostlyinBucharest.D)InRomaniaonly.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12. A)Gotoaconcertwithhimandhisgirlfriend.B) Tryoutanewrestauranttogetherintown.C) GowithhimtochooseapearlforSusan.D) Attendtheopeningofalocalrestaurant.13. A)Itissponsoredbyl

11、ocalrestaurants.B) Itspecializesinfoodadvertizing.C) Itisespeciallypopularwiththeyoung.D) Itprovidesinformationonlocalevents.14. A)Theydesignaspecialsetofmenusforthemselves.B) Theytreatthemselvestovariousentertainments.C) Theygotoeatatdifferentstylishrestaurants.D) Theyparticipateinavarietyofsociale

12、vents.15. A)MorerestaurantswilljoinRestaurantWeek.B) Thisyear'sRestaurantWeekwillstartsoon.C) BiggerdiscountswillbeofferedthisRestaurantWeek.D) MoretypesoffoodwillbeservedthisRestaurantWeek.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourques

13、tions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16. A)Rewardingthemforeatingvege

14、tables.B) Exposingthemtovegetablesrepeatedly.C) Improvingthetasteofvegetabledishesforthem.D) Explainingthebenefitsofeatingvegetablestothem.17. A)Theyweredislikedmostbychildren.B) Theywereconsideredmostnutritious.C) TheywereleastusedinBelgiancooking.D) Theywereessentialtochildren'shealth.18. A)Ve

15、getablesdifferintheirnutritionalvalue.B) Children'seatinghabitscanbechanged.C) Parentswatchcloselywhatchildreneat.D) Children'schoicesoffoodvarygreatly.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A)Spaceexplorationhasserousconsequences.B) Indiahasmanyspaceexplorationprograms.C) T

16、hereisquitealottolearnaboutthemoon.D) Alotofgarbagehasbeenleftonthemoon.20. A)Itiscostlytobringback.B)Itisriskytodestroy.C) It is of no use on Earth.D) It is damaged by radiation.21. A)Recorddetailsofspaceexploration.B) Monitorthechangeoflunarweather.C) Studytheeffectofradiationandvacuumonitsmateria

17、ls.D) Explorethepossibilityofhumansettlementonthemoon.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22. A)Itislikelytoremainameansofbusinesscommunication.B) Itislikelytobeacompetitorofvariousmessagingapps.C) Itwillgraduallybereplacedbysocialmedia.D) Itwillhavetobegovernedbyspecificrules.23. A)

18、Savethemessageintheirfile.B) Makeatimelyresponse.C) Examinetheinformationcarefully.D) Seeisanyactionneedstobetaken.24. A)Itistobepassedon.B)Itismostlyjunk.C)Itrequiresnoreply.D)Itcausesnoconcern.25. A)Makeitasshortaspossible.B) Usesimpleandclearlanguage.C) Adoptaninformalstyleofwriting.D) Avoidusing

19、capitalsforemphasis.PartmReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedby

20、aletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague Delivered a 26 to a subordinate (下属）with a voice-

21、mail message Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in personThe various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 andproductivity andat the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose theone that's be

22、st28 when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipientWe've 29 business communication consultants and etiquette (礼仪)experts to come up with thefollowing guidelines for 30 using the alternative ways of delivering difficult messages.First of all, choose how personal you w

23、ant to be. A face-to-face communicationis the most 31Other choices, in descending orderof personalization, are: a real-time phone call,a voice-mail message,a handwritten note, a typewrittenletter, and the most 32 isemail. Someofthesemay change orderaccording to the 33 situationor your own preference

24、s; for example, a handwrittennote might seemmore personal than voice-mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you'vegot to deliver “My 34 concernis: Howcan I soften or civilize this messagesaysetiquette expert-person first, or a phone conversation as myDanaCasperson.&

25、quot;SowhenIapologize,Iusuallychooseintopalternative,andmaybeahandwrittennotenext.ApologizingbyemailissomethingInowtotally35A)avoidI)rewardB)convenienceJ)silentC)effectivelyD)escapeK)specificE)intimateL)surveyedF)particularlyM)unfriendlyG)primaryN)warningH)promptO)witnessedSectionBDirections:Inthiss

26、ection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSh

27、eet2.HowaPoor,AbandonedParisianBoyBecameaTopChefA)ThebusystreetsinPariswereunevenandcakedinthickmud,buttherewasalwaysabreathtakingsighttoseeintheshopwindowsofPatisseriedelaRuedelaPaix.By1814,peoplecrowdedoutsidethebakery,strainingforaglimpseofthelatestsweetfoodcreatedbytheyoungchefwhoworkedinside.B)

28、HisnamewasMarie-AntoineCareme,andhehadappeared,oneday,almostoutofnowhere.Butinhisshortlifetime,whichendedexactly184yearsagotoday,hewouldforeverrevolutionizeFrenchgourmetfood(美食),writebest-sellingcookbooksandthinkupmagicaldishesforroyalsandotherimportantpeople.C)Careme'schildhoodwasoneparttragedy

29、,equalpartmystery.Bornthe16thchildtopoorparentsinParisineither1783or1784,ayoungCaremewassuddenlyabandonedattheheightoftheFrenchRevolution.At8yearsold,heworkedasakitchenboyforarestaurantinParisinexchangeforroomandboard.Byage15,hehadbecomeanapprentice(学徒)toSylvainBailly,awell-knowndessertchefwithasucc

30、essfulbakeryinoneofParis'smostfashionableneighborhoods.D)Caremewasquickatlearninginthekitchen.Baillyencouragedhisyoungapprenticetolearntoreadandwrite.CaremevouldoftenspendhisfreeafternoonsatthenearbyNationalLibraryreadingbooksonartandarchitecture.Inthebackroomofthelittlebakery,hisinterestindesig

31、nandhisbakingtalentcombinedtoworkwondersheshapeddeliciousmasterpiecesoutofflour,butterandsugar.E)Inhisteenageyears,Caremefashionedeatablecopiesofthelate18thcentury'smostfamousbuildingscookiesintheshapeofruinsofancientAthensandpiesintheshapeofancientChinesepalacesandtemples.SylvainBailly,hismaste

32、r,displayedtheseluxuriantcreationsoftenaslargeas4feettallinhisbakerywindows.F)Careme'screationssooncapturedthediscriminatingeyeofaFrenchdiplomat,CharlesMauricedeTalleyrand-P,erigord.Around1804,TalleyrandchallengedCaremetoproduceafullmenuforhispersonalcastle,instructingtheyoungbakertouselocal,sea

33、sonalfruitsandvegetablesandtoavoidrepeatingmaindishesoverthecourseofanentireyear.TheexperimentwasagrandsuccessandTalleyrand'sassociationwithFrenchnobilitywouldproveaprofitableconnectionforCareme.G)FrenchEmperorNapoleonBonapartewasknowntobeunimpressedbythedecliningtasteofearly18thcenturycooking,b

34、utunderpressuretoentertainParis'shighsociety,hetoocalledCaremetohiskitchenatTuileriesPalace.In1810,CaremedesignedtheextraordinarycakefortheweddingofNapoleonandhissecondbride,Marie-LouiseofAustria.Hebecameoneofthefirstmodernchefstofocusontheappearanceofhistable,notjusttheflavorofhisdishes."I

35、wantorderandtaste.Awell-displayedmealisenhancedonehundredpercentinmyeyes,"helaterwroteinoneofhiscookbooks.H)In1816,Caremebeganaculinary(烹饪的)journeywhichwouldforevermarkhisplaceashistory'sfirsttopchef.HevoyagedtoEnglandtocookinthemodernGreatKitchenoftheprinceregent(摄政王),GeorgeIV,andcrossedco

36、ntinentstopreparegrandbanquetsforthetablesofTsarAlexanderIofRussia.Neverafraidtotalkuphisownaccomplishments,aboastfulCarememadeafortuneaswealthyfamilieswithsocialambitionsinvitedhimtotheirkitchens.Later,inhiscookbooks,hewouldoftenincludeasketchofhimself,sothatpeopleonthestreetwouldbeabletorecognizea

37、ndadmirehim.I)Careme'scookingdisplaysbecamethesymboloffineFrenchdining;theywereplentiful,beautifulandimposing.GuestswouldfallsilentinwonderasservantscarriedCareme'sfancycreationsintothedininghall.ForabanquetcelebratingtheGrandDukeNicholasofRussia'svisittoGeorgeIV'sBrightonPavillionon

38、Jan.18,1817,themenufeatured120differentdishes,highlightingeightdifferentsoups,40maincourses,and32desserts.J)Ashetraveledthroughthehomesofearly19thcenturynobility,CaremeorgedthenewartofFrenchgourmetfood.Lockedinhotkitchens,Caremecreatedhisfour“mothersauces."Thesesaucesbechamel,veloute,espagnolea

39、ndallemandeformedthecentralbuildingblocksformanyFrenchmaincourses.Healsoperfectedthesouffleabakedeggdish,andintroducedthestandardchef'suniformthesamedouble-breastedwhitecoatandtallwhitehatstillwornbymanychefstoday.Thewhiteclothingconveyedanimageofcleanliness,accordingtoCaremeandinhisrealm,appear

40、ancewaseverything.K)Betweenmeals,CaremevrotecookbooksthatwouldbeusedinEuropeankitchensforthenextcentury.HismanualsincludingTheRoyalParisianBakerandthemassivefive-volumeArtofFrenchCookingSeries(1833-1847,completedafterhisdeath)firstsystematizedmanybasicprinciplesofcooking,completewithdrawingsandstep-

41、by-stepdirections.Longbeforetelevisioncookingshows,Caremewalkedreadersthroughcommonkitchentasks,instructingthemto“trythisforyourself,athome"asfamousAmericanChefJuliaChildmightdo,manyyearslater.1. Intheend,however,itwasthekitchenthatdidCaremein.Decadesofworkingovercoalfiresintight,closedspaceswi

42、thlittlefreshair(toensurehisdisheswouldnotgetcold)hadfatallydamagedhislungs.OnJan.12,1833,Caremediedjustbeforeheturned50.MButinhislifetime,Careme,everconfident,couldseebeyondhisshortdominationinthekitchen.Hewantedto“setthestandardforbeautyinclassicalandmoderncooking,andprovetothedistantfuturethatthe

43、Frenchchefsofthe19thcenturywerethemostfamousintheworld,"ashewroteinhispapers.NDDecadeslater,chefAugusteEscoffierwouldbuilduponCareme'sconceptofFrenchcuisine(烹饪).Butintheverybeginning,therewasjustCareme,thetopchefwhoelevateddiningintoart.36. Caremewasamongthefirstchefswhostressedboththeappea

44、ranceandflavorofdishes.37. CaremewantedtoshowtolatergenerationsthatFrenchchefsofhistimeweremostoutstandingintheworld.38. CaremebenefitedgreatlyfromservingaFrenchdiplomatandhisconnections.39. CaremelearnedhistradefromafamousdessertchefinParis.40. Careme'screativeworkswereexhibitedintheshopwindows

45、byhismaster.41. Careme'sknowledgeofartandarchitecturehelpedhimcreateextraordinarydessertsoutofordinaryingredients.42. ManypeopleinPariswereeagertohavealookatthelatestsweetfoodmadebyCareme.43. Caremebecameextremelywealthybycookingforrichandsociallyambitiousfamilies.44. Careme'swritingsdealtwi

46、thfundamentalcookingprinciplesinasystematicway.45. Careme'scontributiontoFrenchcookingwasrevolutionary.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoicean

47、dmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Roughlythesizeofasodacan,sittingonabookshelf,arelativelyharmlessgadgetmaybeturningfriendsawayfromyourhome.TheelephantinyourlivingroomisyourInternet-connectedsecuritycamera

48、,adevicepeopleareincreasinglyusingforpeaceofmindintheirhomes.Butfewstoptothinkabouttheeffectthesedevicesmayhaveonhouseguests.Shouldyoutellyourfriends,forinstance,thatthey'rebeingrecordedwhileyouallwatchthebiggametogether"It'scertainlynewterritory,especiallyashomesecuritycamerasbecomeeas

49、iertoinstall,“saysLizziePost,presidentoftheEmilyPostInstitute,America'sforemostmannersadvisors."Ithinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatetiquette(礼仪)emergesintermsofwhetheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacameraornot,andwhetherguestshavearighttoaskthatitbeturnedoff,ifit'snotasecurityissue.Postwantsto

50、makeclearthatshe'snottalkingaboutlegalrights,butratherpersonalpreferenc.Shealsowantstoexplainthattherearenorightorwronganswersregardingmannersonthisfrontyet,becausethetechnologyisjustnowbecomingmainstream.Besides,theEmilyPostInstitutedoesn'tdictatemanners.Whenitcomestosecuritycameras,Postsay

51、sit'sahost'sresponsibilitytomakesureguestsfeelcomfortablewithintheirhome."I'malwaysafanofbeingopenandhonest."Forinstance,ifthehostcasuallyacknowledgesthatthereisacameraintheroombytellingastoryaboutit,thatmaybeenoughtoprovideanopeningforaguesttosayiftheyareuncomfortable.However,

52、ifacontractorisworkinginyourhome,youdon'tneedtotellthemthattherearecameraswatching.Thenagain,theairofaccountabilitythatthecamerageneratescanalsoworkincontractors'favor."Ifanythingdoesgowrongwhilethey'reinthehouse,theydon'twanttobeblamedforit,”shesays."Infact,thecameracouldb

53、ethethingthatprovesthattheydidn'tstealthe$20,orknockthevaseoffthetable.”whatreasonmayyourfriendsfeelreluctanttovisityourhomeA) Thesecuritycamerainstalledmayintrudeintotheirprivacy.B) Theydon'twanttheirphotostobecirculatedontheInternet.C) Thesecuritycameramayturnouttobeharmfultotheirhealth.D)

54、 Theymaynotbewillingtointeractwithyourfamilymembers.doesLizziePostsayisnewterritoryA) Theeffectofmannersadviceonthepublic.B) Costofapplyingnewtechnologiesathome.C) Theincreasinguseofhomesecuritydevices.D) Etiquettearoundhomesecuritycameras.48. WhatisLizziePostmainlydiscussingwithregardtotheuseofhome

55、securitycamerasA)Legalrights.C)Likesanddislikesofindividuals.B)MoralissuesD)Thepossibleimpactonmanners.49. Whatisahost'sresponsibilityregardingsecuritycameras,accordingtoLizziePostA) Makingtheirguestsfeelatease.B) Indicatingwheretheyare.C) Turningthemoffintime.D) Ensuringtheirguests'privacy.

56、50. InwhatwaycanthehomesecuritycamerabenefitvisitorstoyourhomeA) Itcansatisfytheircuriosity.B) Itcanprovetheirinnocence.C) Itcanhelpthemlearnnewtechnology.D) Itcanmaketheirvisitmoreenjoyable.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PepsiCoistospendbillionsofdollarstodevelopdrinksandsna

57、cksandreformulateexistingoneswithlowersugar,saltandfat,asconsumersdemandhealthieroptionsandregulatorypressureintensifiesamidanobesityepidemic(流行病)ThemakerofMountainDewandGatoradehasbeenoneoftheearliermoversintheindustrytoofferproductswithreducedlevelsofunhealthyingredientsPepsiCoclaimsapacketofitsch

58、ipsnowcontainslesssaltthanasliceofwhitebread.However,itsnew10-yearplanmakesclearitbelievesitstillhasalongwaytogo.Shiftingeatinghabits,includingasharpdropinconsumptionofsparklingdrinks,haveforcedradicalchangeontheindustry.Butthoseshiftshaveyettobereflectedinrecordobesitylevels,whichstandat%overallintheUS.IndraNooyi,PepsiCochairman,saidtheplantomakeitsproductshealthierwasimportantforthecompany'sgrowth.Butonthesubjectofobesity,shepointedoutthatconsumers'lifestyleshavechangedsignificantly,withmanypeoplebeingmoresedentary(久坐不动的)notleastbecausemoretimeisspentinfrontofc