2019中考阅读理解冲刺训练09

1、.2019 中考阅读理解冲刺训练09学校 :_ 姓名： _班级： _考号： _阅读单选 (科普知识题材)(一 )Different weather makes people feel different. It influences health, intelligence (智力 )and feelings.In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems

2、during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in thesestates have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a scientific report, IQ ( 智商 )

3、 of a group of studentswas very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% below. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand ( 另一方面 ), can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worseon exam

4、s in the hot months of the year (July and August).Weather also has a strong influenceon people's feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold duringthese months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may have a hardtime in hot summer. At about

5、18 , people become stronger.Low air pressure (气压 ) maymake people forgetful People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. There is a "good weather" for health. People feel best at a temperature of about I8 .Are youfeeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may

6、 be the weather's problem.1 What kind of weather can have a bad effect ( 影响 ) on health?A Hot and wet weather.B Good weather.C Warm weather.D High intelligence.2 When may people have more intelligence?A When a rain comes.B When very hot weather comes.C When a strong wind comes.D When low air pre

7、ssure comes.3 How may low air pressure make people feel?A Forgetful.B Sad.C Angry.D Tired.4 What will happen to people in "good weather" of I8?A People are very forgetful.B People can t do their work well.C Thin people feel cold.D People are in better health.5 What does the writer want to

8、tell us?A Hot and cold weather influences all people in the same way.;.B Weather influences people's lives.C IQ never changes during weather changes.D There is a good kind of weather for people's work and health.(二)You must think a computer is the best thing in the world, right? You must thi

9、nk it worksat a super speed and can do everything? Well, it s not! In fact, the brain is much more powerfulthan any super computer! Think about when a glass is just about to fall off the table. Your braincontrols everything that you need to do to save that glass from falling. First your eyes check o

10、utwhat s going on, then tell your brain, and your brain decides how quickly you need to react(反应 ), and then your muscles( 肌肉 ) go into action. That is just from your brain. No computercould ever come close to that!The brain weighs just 3 pounds, but it controls everything you do from thinking,learn

11、ing, feeling even to breathing and your heart beating. Even though the brain is just 2% ofyour body weight, it uses around 20% of all your energy in your body. That is a lot for such asmall organ( 器官 ). There are about 100 billion tiny, tiny little cells(细胞 ) in your brain. Thereare so many that it

12、would take you over 3,000 years to count them all!Your brain stops growing when you re 18, but it actually keeps on developing and learning newthings. So your parents are really super smart! You won t be able to fool them! Believe it or not,your brain NEVERstops working.Even during sleeping, the bra

13、in works for long-termmemory establishment( 建立 ). It is realized that the brain is the second organ in the body as theheart that never stops during human lives.So everyone should be proud of such a gift of nature.6 In Paragraph 1, the writer wants to tell us .A eyes and muscles react quicklyB the br

14、ain controls everything in your bodyC the computer is the best thing in the worldD the brain is more powerful than any computer;.7 In Paragraph 2, the underlined wordThat” refers“ to(指的是 ) .A the body weightB 2% of the body weightC all energy in the bodyD around 20% of the energy in the body8 Which

15、is RIGHT according to the passage?A The brain doesn t work during sleepingB The brain is the only organ that never stopsC The brain keeps growing during human livesD The brain keeps on developing during human lives9 Which word can best describe the brain according to the passage?A MagicB QuickC Ligh

16、tD Developing10 In which magazine can the passage be found most probably?A Business WeeklyB MedicineC ScienceD Sports(三)Have you ever had anightmare( 噩梦 )? Almost everyone has one once in awhile. Anightmare is a bad dream, which may make you feel scared, anxious, or upset, but nightmares are not rea

17、l and can't harm you. While you are sleeping, your brain just doesn't stop working.Although it is normal to have nightmares once in a while, there are some ways you can try to he get them under control.Get into a health sleeping habit. Try to go to bed and wake up at fixed time every day. Un

18、less you resick or didn get enough sleep the night before, avoid napsduring the day. Avoid eating or exercising too much just before bedtime. Avoid scary books ormovies before bedtime, or they might cause nightmares.Sleep witha toy or your favoriteblanket( 毯子 ).This helps you feel safe. Use anightli

19、ght. With a nightlight, if you wake up from the nightmare, you will be able to see familiar things and remember where you are.Keep your door open. This will help you remember thatyour family are near to you. If you are scared, get up and take comfort from one of them. You are never too old to hug th

20、em. Most of the time, nightmares are not big problems. You can tellyour bad dreams to an adult you trust. Whatt talkingsmore,aboutJuswhat happened mightmake you feel better. If something has troubled you during the day, discussing those feelings might also help.You should learn how to get a good sle

21、ep, which is very important for health.11 What can we learn from Paragraph One?A Nightmares can make us feel scared;.B Only a few people have nightmaresC Nightmares are not real but can harm usD Our brains stop working while we are sleeping.12 Which is NOT true about a healthy sleeping habit?A Enjoy

22、 long naps during the dayB Avoid scary books or movies before bedtime.C Don t eat or exercise too much before bedtime.D Go to bed and wake up at fixed time every day13 Why is a nightlight useful?A Because it can help people feel safeB Because it can help people avoid a nightmare.C Because it can hel

23、p people remember where you are.D Because it can help people find the way to others rooms.14 If you are scared after a nightmare, you can_ according to the text?A get up and eat some foodB get up and hug your familyC take a shower and continue sleepingD talk with a stranger about the dream.15 What i

24、s the best title for the text?A What are nightmares?B How to keep healthyC How to deal with nightmaresD Why are nightmares harmful?(四)Height is just one of the features your genes( 基因 ) decide. In fact, because you have twoparents, your genes provide you a height that usually lands somewhere between

25、 the height of each parent. If both your parents are tall, then most probably you will be tall, too. But if youhave questions about how tall you re going to be, ask your doctor if he or she can help you findthem out.But genes don t decide everythingFor. example, eating an unhealthy diet can keep you

26、from growing to your full potential(潜力 ). Getting plenty of sleep and enough exercise willhelp you grow to the expected height.It s natural that you re wondering how fast you shouldgrow. There s no perfect or right answer. Generally speaking, kids grow about 6 cm a yearbetween age 3 and the time whe

27、n they start puberty.Your doctor will know how your growthhas been going over the years. 2 cm here and 3 cm there make a little difference to the heightyou re at now. How have you been growing up to this height? What other changes may your;.body be going through?Dont be amazed if you seem to have gr

28、own a lot in a very short time. Everyone has agrowth spurt( 高峰 ) during puberty. The age for starting puberty is about 10 for girls and about11 for boys. But it can be earlier or later between 7 and 13 for girls and 9 and 15 for boys.You 11 usually begin to notice that you re growing faster aboutour

29、abodyyear startsafter ytoshow the first changes of puberty.16 If you want to know how tall you should grow, _.A you should have enough exerciseB you can ask doctors for helpC you should take some special medicineD you can record your growth during puberty17 The Chinese for the word“ puberty” is _.A

30、童年时期B 婴幼儿时期C 习惯养成期D 生长发育期18 This passage is mainly about _.A how you look like your parentsB how you grow to a certain heightC how the genes work in your bodyD how y our parents height influence you19 After reading this passage, we can explain _.A what healthy diet isB how good it is to be a doctorC

31、 how much sleep time we needD why genes can t decide everything20 Which is NOT mentioned in the passage?A Your height most probably depends on how tall your parents are.B Girls age for starting puberty is usually earlier than that for boysC You may be amazed sometimes when you grow too fast.D The fe

32、atures showing the first changes of puberty between boys and girls are different.(五 )Science is proving what pet owners have long believed: Dogs understand what we'refeeling. Especially, dogs can recognize( 识别 ) the difference between a happy;.and an angry human face, a study published Thursday

33、in Current Biology suggests.It's the firstresearch to show that dogs are sensitive ( 敏感 ) to our facial expressions, says the author Ludwig Huber at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna.In the Austrian study, 20 different kinds of pet dogs were taught to play a computergame through a se

34、ries of exercises. In the first step, the dogs were shown two touch screens, one with a circle and one with a square. Through the exercises, they learned that a treat would appear if they chose the right one.Eleven of the 20 dogs were able to catch on to rules of thegame and make it to the next test

35、, where they were shown photos of happy and angry faces. The dogs were rewarded if they picked certain expression correctly. During the test, the dogs were shown only the upper half or the lower half of a face.It was easier to teach the dogs to choose ahappy expression than an angry one, suggesting

36、the dogs do indeed understand the meaning behind the expression, Huber says.As a test, the dogs were then presented with:the same half of the faces they saw during thetraining, but from different people ， the other half of the faces used in training ， the other half of new faces ， the left half of t

37、he faces used in training.In the cases, the dogs chose the right answer 70 to 100 percent of the time.Dogs who had been trained to recognize an expression ofanger or happiness on the upper part of a face could find the same expression when shown only the lower part. Huber says, "The only possib

38、le explanation is that they recall from memory of everyday life how a whole human face looks when happy or angry."Dog owners know their pets not only recognize emotions but also understand the feelings.21 The passage may come from.A a news reportB a science magazineC a pets guideD a history boo

39、k22 How many dogs in the research could understand the rules of the game?A 11B 20C 70D 10023 During the test, the dogs were presented with the following faces. the other half of some new faces the right half of the faces used in training the other half of the faces used in training the same half of

40、the faces they saw but from different peopleA B C D 24 Why was it easier to teach the dogs to choose a happy expression than an angry one?;.A Because dogs wanted to make a happy expression.B Because dogs were rewarded for picking a happy expression.C Because dogs saw a happy expression more often fr

41、om their owners.D Because dogs indeed didn t understand the meaning behind the expressions.25 What can we learn from the passage?A Dog owners know if their pets are happy.B Dog owners know how to train their dogs.C Dogs can make different facial expressions.D Dogs can understand their owners' fe

42、elings.(六)When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in returnFor along time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feltgood.However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (an animal like a largemonkey without a tail ) a

43、lso do good things for.no real reasonAnd so do children who are asyoung as 18 months old. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor about6 millionyears ago,"People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features without anyothertraining," says Warneken, a scientist in Ge

44、rmany.Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda They also workedwith 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experim

45、ent, a persontried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick, but he couldn't reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage, and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Eventhou

46、gh the animals hadn't met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person What's more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward.In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whethe

47、r or not they were offered toys for their help.Researchers did other experiments onchimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still,both thechimpanzees and children went out of their way to help.Still, the new study is different fromearlier findings.Researchers have fo

48、und that chimpanzees don't give rewards of food to otherchimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.26 A new study in Germany suggests that _ .;.A people also share information for good reasonsB children know something at the age of 18 monthsC chimpanzees also do good things for no

49、 real reasonD humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago27 Warneken and his partners worked with _.A young chimpanzees that live on an islandB 18-month-old children who live in GermanyC kids who are living with adult chimpanzeesD adult chimpanzees that live on the African mountain28 W

50、hich of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A The animals hadn't met the person before the experiments.B No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done.C The chimpanzees gave the person the stick in order to get a reward.D Thirty-six chimpanzees joined in this experiment on

51、e by one.29 In a similar experiment, thirty-six children helped the person reach the stickA If they were offered toys for their workB when they were asked to give him a handC after they were ordered to act in a similar wayD whether they were given toys for their help or not30 From the passage we kno

52、w that _A children are more generous than chimpanzees m some waysB chimpanzees will reward good food to other chimpanzeesC both chimpanzees and children can find their way to help othersD both chimpanzees and children can do the difficult experiments;.参考答案1A2C3A4D5B【分析】本文主要讲了不同的天气让人感觉与众不同，并从具体几个方面做出

53、了介绍，讲天气是如何影响人的健康、智力和感受的。1句意：什么样的天气对健康有不良影响？A. 天气炎热潮湿。B. 好天气。 C.温暖的天气。D. 高智商。原文“In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. Peoplethere have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month.”（8 月份，美国南部地区炎热潮湿。在这个月里， 那里的人有心脏病和其他类型的健康问题。），说明天气炎热潮湿是会给健康带

54、来不利影响的，故选A 。2句意：人们何时可以拥有更多智力？A. 下雨的时候。B.天气很热的时候。C.当强风来临时。 D.气压低时。原文“For example, in a scientific report, IQ ( 智商 ) of a group of students wasvery high when a very strong wind came, ”（例如，在一份科学报告中，一群学生的IQ 在强风吹来时非常高） ，所以强风来临人们拥有更多智力，故选C。3句意： 低气压让人感觉怎么样？A. 健忘的。 B.悲伤的。 C.生气的。 D.累的。 原文“ Low airpressure (气压 ) may make