2018高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破

1、.2018 高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破Step1 猜测词义常见设问方式1.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to“?2. What does the author probably mean by “ ?3. The word “ inthe contest means _.4. The term can be best replaced by _.5. The word “ probably refers to _.6. As used in the line the word “ refers to _.7. Acco

2、rding to the passage, the word “ isknown as_.8. The passage use the word “torefer to _9.According to the author, the underlined word“means_.10. From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “means _.在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其指代对象。做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。

3、因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。Step2. 方法探究1. Charlotte s tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “Weve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife, ”she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The underlined word “pesetas”in Paragraph 2 is a kind of

4、 _.A. storyB. collectionC. inspirationD. foreign coin2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng s deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encour

5、aged by kind offers, but hecould depend on his own work.The underlined word “donation”in Para.3 probably means _.A. invitation to give a speechB. something, especially given to help othersC. questions asked by interviewersD. chances to be a hero【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_3. The elder l

6、earn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory.4. Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies ( 军用物资 ),while others carried only passengers.5. Scientists grow large quan

7、tities of common mould (霉菌 )so that they can get penicillin from;.it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs.6. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.7. Yet, shopkeepers may have to s

8、pend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter,who always takes away things from the shop without paying for them.【思考归纳】这几道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_8. Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.From the passage,

9、we can infer that the word “autocraticmeans _A. friendly to othersB. modest and kindlyC. sticking to one s own opinionD. hard-working9. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page.jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized

10、 byrhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3.n. slang. Empty talk. 4.adj.of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.What does the word “jazz”mean in the following sentence?Don tgive me that jazz, for I am a practical person.A. Rhythmic beats.B. A type of music.C. A kind of danc

11、e.D. Meaninglesstalk.【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_10. “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. ”The underlined word “cultivated”(Paragraph 1) roughly means _.A. encouragedB. comparedC. examinedD. developed11. Written language

12、tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.According to the author, the underlined word static means _.A. unchangeableB. inactiveC. respectiveD. widespread12. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan s population is quite homogeneous.

13、【思考归纳】这三道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_13. Millions of animals die each year on US roads, the Federal Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason? Roadkill.;.14. Mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public

14、 halls can be preserved.【思考归纳】 这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_15. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, of English learning.16. Many United nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.【思考归纳】这两道

15、题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_17. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.18. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese

16、characters in the complex form.【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_19. 下题中划线的词可换为：New York, 10 November, 5:27 p.m., yesterday. Biggest power failure in the citys history.A. enoughB. not passingC. lack ofD. lack【思考归纳】 这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_20. Rainforests like the Amazon are importan

17、t for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere andhelping to slow global warming.The underlined phrase “mopping up ”in the second paragraph means _.A. cleaning upB. taking inC. wiping outD. giving up21. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop. She pushed past the desk and as the nu

18、rse looked up. Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floor. ”【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_22. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestorsbattled naturewith the basic tools they had.23. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways-educati

19、on, medicine, and business.The underlined work “aging”means _.A. counting the number of years someone livesB. the numbers of years someone livesC. becoming older;.D. making someone looking older【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_检测反馈运用方法探究中学到的技巧，快来一试身手吧！看谁做得又快又好！AI have been consistently oppos

20、ed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother andscientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the babyof view.Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby s blood sugar levelAllwe know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and

21、makes a baby easilyannoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asksfor attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make ababy satisfied. The first of the

22、 experts to advocate a strict clock-watchingschedule was Dr.Frederic Truby Kingwho was against feeding in the night. I venever heard anything soridiculo us. Baby feeding shouldn followta timetable set by the mum. What is important isfeeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenie

23、nce in the first few weeks.Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and pointsout the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed ondemand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. B

24、ythe age of 8, their IQ （智商） scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigidtimetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本） of10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, achildsex and age, the mothe

25、r healths and feeling style. These results don surpriset me.Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking noaccount of sinking blood sugar levels.I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.小题 1:What does the a

26、uthor think about Dr King?A He is strictB He is unkindC He has the wrong idea.D He sets a timetable for mothers小题 2:The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _A basicBreliableC surprising D interesting小题 3:What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?A The bab

27、y will sleep well.;.B The baby will have its brain harmed.C The baby will have a low blood sugar level.D The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.小题 4:The author supports feeling the baby_.A in the nightB every four hoursC whenever it wants foodD according to its blood sugar levelBFor high sch

28、ool leavers starting out in the working world， it is very important to learnparticular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(实习 ).In some countries ， schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the Unites States， however， such programs a

29、re still few and far between.Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses ， students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school ， graduate and go on to higher education.In Germany， students as young as 13 and 14 are expected

30、 to do internships. Germancompanies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in examsinstead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education schoo

31、l professor RobertSchwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country mostvulnerable( 易受影响的 )kids with no jobs and no skills.Schwartz believed that the best career programs encour

32、age kids to go for higher educationwhile also teaching them valuable practical skills at high sch001. James Madison High Schoolin New York ， for example ， encourages students to choose classes on career based courses.The school then helps them gain on the-job experience in those fields while they re

33、 still athigh school.However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work ， the jobmarket is daunting. In the US ，unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row.“ The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the Summer job experience ，

34、they become part ofthis generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job ，” said Michael，a researcher in the US.小题 1:According to Robert Schwartz ， _.A there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US;.B students should get contact with the working world at high schoolC education r

35、eform should focus on students performance in exams D teenagers in the US can t miss out on the summer job experience 小题 2:What s the main idea of the text?A Arguments about recent US education reform.B Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers.CThe lack of career-based courses in US high schools

36、.D Advice for American high school leavers.小 题3:Theunderlinedword“ daunting ”inParagraph5mostprobablymeans_.A discouragingB interesting C creativeD unbearable解题指导在词义猜测题中， 有些词汇并非生词， 只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其指代对象。做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。猜测词义第一招利用上下文语境线索任何一篇文中的句子

37、在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索， 进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。第二招利用定义和解释性线索阅读文中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如 to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words 等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括弧来表示。留心阅读就可以断定它们的意思。第三招根据逻辑关系进行判断。 英语中句与句

38、之间在语意上往往存在一些逻辑关系，如因果、对比、并列、转折关系等。因果关系的语境，通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such 等连that词体 现。第四招利用对比线索有时文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这时句中多见unlike; although; but;yet; while; on the contrary; on the other hand; for one thing; for another; instead of; ratherthan 等信息

39、词。第五招利用同义线索和同等关系同义词替换可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。 一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有 or, like, similarly 等。同等关系是指一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属一范畴。只要我们认识其中一个或几个词或短语，即可确定同等关系;.中生词的词性，作用和大概意思。第六招利用例证性线索某些冷僻的词汇后会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。 such as, like, for example, for instance 等连接性词语往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的名词。第七招根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知

40、识来推测其意思。教学大纲已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。第八招注意熟词生义英语中大量的词汇具有多义性，其含义并非完全等同于词典所标注的汉语意思，具体的词义需要在一定的上下文中体现出来。阅读理解中的熟悉词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有量的规定，不得超过3% ；其二，熟悉词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟悉词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。第九招根据常识或经验猜测词义在阅读中碰到生词时， 我们有时可以运用逻辑推理能力、 自身的生活经验及生活常识去推断生词的含义。当然也要结合语境。第十招根据词性转化，猜测它在语境中的词义题目参考答案1.D2.B3.老年综合症4 goods 5.抗生素6海洋生物学7 商店里偷窃的人8 C9D10D11A12 单一的13 虎猫 an endangered wild cat14 教堂 other public halls can 15 期刊 16会多国语言的人17 抗毒18 简化的19D20B 21 拖把22 作斗争23C第一篇小题 1:C 小题 2:B 小题 3:D 小题 4:C试题分析：本文典型的议论文，论点是反对定期喂养婴儿。论据：