车辆工程专业毕业论文 外文翻译3

1、The Track Vehicle Changes Direction Research Present Condition and DevelopmentTrends of The Organization1 change direction the research present condition of the organizationDifferent classification in basis method, the track vehicle changes direction organization can according to vehicle is in chang

2、e direction process the power flows of deliver the way is divided into the single power flows to change direction the organization to flow to change direction the organization with a power, and also can according to in change direction process two the sport of side trackses have no the contact but i

3、s divided into the independent type change direction the organization with bad soon the type changes direction the organization.1.1 single powers establish a certain changing d irection the organization after flowing change direction the single power in organizatio n flow to change direction the gen

4、eral structure in organization method is at became soon the organization, is the most simp le method to constitute track vehicle change direction to spread to move.The single power flows to change direction the organization to change direction the organization most in brief, among them most in co mm

5、on usely change direction the clutch, single bad soon the machine, double is bad soon the machine, planet changes direction organization etc.Change direction the clutch1,2 is all a friction that several types rub the clutch, depending the friction surface to deliver to turn the , being the separatio

6、 n some on changing direction the clutch laterally, can reduce or cut off that side drive a round delivers of turn the make vehicle changed direction.Change directio n the size of the radius from drive a decrease for spreads to turn the measures namely the degree that clutch separate decides.Change

7、directio n the clutch is simp le because of the constructio n, manufacturing convenience, got the extensive application on the small scaled track in inside in earlier period type tractor, bulldozer.But because its manip ulateBad soon the machine changes direction the organization2,3 can ma ke vehicl

8、e several why the speed of the center positio n still keeps in change direction process the original driving the car straightly is soon, being a When the comp lete system in side move, change direction the radius over small, but another side track speed over high, change direction the Cape speed ove

9、r big, for this reason a power for needing changing direction power very bigly, would outrunning generally launching machine restrict, if the pilot keep on changing directio n, have a little bit the immodesty and then will make launch the machine fire, as a result can depend to slip to whet, using t

10、han the greater half path changes direction, or pole is not fair and softly break to change direction continuously with the lesser half path.Therefore this kind of is single bad soon the machine change directio n the organization to no longer adopt almost now.The speed that a speed for differing soo

11、n machine changing d irection organization3,4 can making track vehicle at changing direction slowly soon side track lo wering is equal to the fast side track the increment, the for this reason vehicle changes direction of average speed and straightly the speed that drive same alike.But because a var

12、iety for badly soon machine can't completely system moving first side track, vehicle can't originally changing direction, and changing d irection radius scope has no usage to change direction the clutch big, changing direction the going smoothly worse.While changing direction, the fast side

13、track accelerates, therefore launching the affixture of the machine carry the ratio adoption change direction the clutch big.The double is bad soon the machine be constituted by wheel gear of change direction the organization, with change direction the clutch co mpare the spare parts number litt le,

14、 bear to whet the sex good, the life span is longer.The planet changes direction the organizatio n4,5 moves with the system fro m a planet a department the machine constitutes.The operation planet the system on the organizatio n moves the machine can cha nge two sides drives the round drives the din

15、t size make vehicle changeddirection.It is that type of to change directio n the organizatio n opposite in change direction the clutch change directio n the organizatio n can deliver the bigger changing d irection the dint , can realize an athletic and fixed stalk wheel gear organization fall throug

16、h of two free a planet for of flat-out decomposition with synthesizing, planet organization a three dollar as have the bad relating to soon; change direction the organization to much order to deliver the motive, and the internal path in organization faces the dint mutually equilibrium.But is comp li

17、cated because of its construction, only industry in big power tractor, bulldozer and other heavy type vehicle last application.Single weakness that power change direction is obvious, vehicle only contain several fix of change direction the radius, press to rule not of change direction When the radiu

18、s change direction, want to is slipped by friction a piece to whet to realize, and is hard to get the stability change direction the radius accurately; the next in order in change directio n process rub a dollar piece of vio lent slip to whet to will bring to have fever with wear away, make spread t

19、o move the efficiency lower, especially in the big power change direction work appearance next, would exsit the bigger power lose, with the result that often need to be declined to change d irection soon; moreover, the vio lent friction also make easy damage in organizatio n, cause the work dependab

20、le bad, the life span lower.1.2 pairs of powerses flow to change directio n the organizatio n after launching machine, will launch the machine power be divided in to become soon with change directio n two roads be juxtaposed to deliver, ising a doub le of powers to flow to change direction the organ

21、ization.A power flows to change direction the organization will used for keeping the pushes forward of become soon the organizatio n is different from result in leftly, the right side track speed differs of change direction the organizatio n to be juxtaposed in spread move department, change d irect

22、ion the organization when the vehicle keeps the did not result in twoth the speed of side trackses are bad, while changing directio n, became to flow each file of o ffering soon to drive the speed straightly with change direction the organizatio n results in of two the speed of side trackses differ

23、to remit to flow, realizing the vehicle change direction.(1the machine type a power flow to change direction the organization to flow the foundation top that change direction the organizatio n to appear at the earliest stage in the single power of was a machine to kept the with changed direction two

24、 powers flowed all from machinery to realized type a power to flowed to change direction the organization3.It is this kind to change direction the organization main from two become soon box( a lord become soon the box, a cent mo ves a box of, the planet wheel gear organization, clutch moves with the

25、 planet organization system the machine constitutes, the single power flows to change direction in changing directio n function the organization has the very b ig increasing, but it still change direction the radius is to have the class.The file is more low, getting of change direction the radius mo

26、re small; the file is more high, getting of change direction the radius more big.Can't still adapt to the vehicle road in all different curvatures on the tactful track that change direction to drive with the demand, also can't expel parts of coalescences rub a piece proceeds to slip to whet

27、to change d irection and fro m slip to whet an a series of problem for bringing.(2the machine liquid press type a power flows to change direction the organization machinewill spread to flow fro m the machine that launch the machine power in many files became soon the importation stalk of the box las

28、t cent flow, all the way flow through was pressed by liquid pump- liq uid press motor constitute of change direction adjust soon system; another all the way flow through many files became soon box, finally experienced star row top confluence, then was lined up by planet of some a the parts( such as

29、planet spread to the vehicle to spread to move the stalk top eventually.Because the liquid presses to pump to press with the liquid the motor can have no the class contro ls, therefore using the this type of changing d irection the organization since can acquire the carAn a lot of weakness for twoth

30、 lateral speeds differing realizing having no class controling, again overcoming machine type changing direction organization.If the liquid presses the motor do not work, only coming fro m central spread the dynamic power flow, the vehicle makes the straight line drives; if only have the liquid that

31、 come from the power press the motor flows, the vehicle can realize to change direction radius as the zero changing direction originally; if input at the same time two road powers flow, because the liq uid presses the motor can realize to have no the class controls, for this reason vehicle two side

32、tracks drive the rotatio n to have soon and will barely do much more end less, can get the much more end less changes direction the radius, can immed iately realize to have no the class changes direction, pilot as long as manipulate to change directio n the dish turns to move the liquid presses the

33、device, can make vehicle driven along the certain arc stablely.This kind of changes direction the organizatio n not only have the construction good, have no the friction a p iece, life span is long, the efficie ncy is high and work dependable, arrange simp le, maintain the adjustment little and lowe

34、r to can consume to wait the characteristics the outside, but also it is not a motive to pass the part or cut off all a side track in working function to the system move a the side drives a the round realizes to change direction o f, but two side tracks deliver the motive always, can realizes nicely

35、 like this the motive change direction, basic ascend a safety for slippery phenomenon, being applicable to proceeding being partial to carrying pushing soil with cutting off root ho mework; at sloping fields changing direction can't appearing" conversingdirection" phenomeno n, increase

36、s vehicle that disso lves the track; because of changing d irection do not cut off the motive, the average car of the for this reason vehicle does not lower soon; the track do not stop driving, breaking to the soil little, in loosenning soft soil of pass the sex good; change direction the size of th

37、e radius can control arbitrarily, increasing the flexibility of the track vehicle, change direction steady; change direction vehicle can develop with drive the high work in same function straightly; realizes easily a the root manipulates the pole to control in to back with change direction.2 change

38、direction the pure liquid in trend(1in development in organizatio n press to have no the class changes direction the organization wants to realize the track vehicle changes direction the radius can control and continue to have no the class changes of change direction the functio n, the adoption capa

39、city type liq uid presses to pump to press with the liquid motor etc. has no the class become soon a piece is a more realistic viable method.The pure liquid presses to change direction the organization7 9 of ss pass to pump of positive and negative two directions have no the class changes the deal r

40、egulates, realizing to launch the mob ile dint was spread by doub le to move to change direction the road arrives to remit the popular star row has no the class changes of spreading and moving ratio, end realize the vehicle face or so two change directio n laterally radius can continue to have no th

41、e class the variety keeps the , pass the liquid press to pump with the liquid press the motor shuts the lock( change the row that deal pump measureses for zero to realize to change direction the zero to shut the lock axially, from but keeps to keep the stablely.Under the situation of becoming soon t

42、he organization hangs the blank on schedule to change d irection, launch machine a power for send ing out all to press from the liquid that change direction the road a piece deliver, can realize the vehicle change directio n originally.The current liq uid presses the industry level returns the hard

43、getting the power enough and big and the good liq uid in function presses a dollar an efficiency for, and the liquid presses the system low, this is the biggest obstacle that pure liquid press to have no the class change direction the techniq ue develops.(2the compound changes direction organizatio

44、n as to overcome the pure liquid presses the above blemish that change d irection the organizatio n, appearing now the small liquid in power in vario us adoptio ns press the liq uid of a dollar piece presses the compound changes direction the project7.A pump a motor project: this project is to solve

45、s the liquid press the direct and the most simp le project in shortage in a power in a dollar, its function press with p ure liquid to change directio n same, but two sets of liquids press a piece merge to make the organizatio n's physical volume weight bigger, the efficiency is still lower.The

46、machine liquid presses to reunite the project: that project is adopting a double of flowing the liquid press to change direction of at the same time, reserve a set of machines change d irection the organization.Make use of the power not very of the liquid presses a dollar the piece realizes the grea

47、ter half path changes d irection of have no the class variety continuously; make use of the organization that machine change d irection lesser half path realizes the class changes direction.This kind of change directio n the organization falls through whole radius scope has no the class variety.A ra

48、dius liquid presses to change direction the project: that project adoption contain two kinds of exportations soon the liquid that co mpare presses the motor, when the good road ascends to change direction adoption the higher exportation turns soon, native out of fix the hour then change to output wi

49、th the low speed to overcome bigger changing direction the resistance.The liquid presses the liquid dint compound changes direction the project: that project presses with the liquid of the limited power a piece proceeds to have no the class changes directio n, the help matches the machine accidental

50、ly at change direction the liquid press the motor dint not enough hour on time provide the help .That project although reduce the liq uid press a piece efficiencies would be much lower.In fine, adopt the liq uid press a dollar a point for having no class becoming soon characteristic to realizing tra

51、ck vehicle having no class changing directio n is good choice, solving liq uid pressing a dollar a power shortage then is low with the efficiency that direction is investigative.(3the machine liquid presses the consecution has no the class changesdirection the organization machine liq uid presses th

52、e consecution has no the class changes direction the organization10 21 of ss are in simp le liq uid pressing cent in machine spreading the foundation that move the princip le, adopting the d ifferent machine organization parameter comb ine, and press with liquid a dollar the piece matches with o f a

53、 k ind of latest model changes direc tion the organization.It can guarantee at continue to have no the class output the next applied small liq uid in premise that turn to press the total power in an exportation for significantly increasing vehicle in a dollar soon, and its spread to move the efficie

54、ncy far far ahead pure the liquid presses to change direction the organization spreads to move the efficiency.It represents the development direction that track vehicle change directio n organization.The research develops the good machine in function liq uid presses the consecution has no the class

55、changes direction the organization, excellent turn to match the that type of turning. Construction parameter that face organization is the point lesson of the current vehicle engineering realm.履带车辆转向机构的研究现状及发展趋势1、转向机构的研究现状依据不同的分类方法,履带车辆转向机构可根据车辆在转向过程中功率流的传递方式分为单功率流转向机构和双功率流转向机构,也可根据在转向过程中两侧履带的运动有无联系

56、而分为独立式转向机构和差速式转向机构。1.1单功率流转向机构单功率流转向机构一般构造方法是在变速机构后串联某种转向机构,是构成履带车辆转向传动的最为简单的方法。单功率流转向机构是最简单的转向机构,其中最常用的有转向离合器、单差速器、双差速器、行星转向机构等。转向离合器都是多片式摩擦离合器,靠摩擦表面的摩擦力传递转矩,当分离某一侧的转向离合器时,就可以减少或切断该侧驱动轮所传递的转矩使车辆转向。转向半径的大小由驱动轮所传转矩的减少量即离合器分离的程度所决定。转向离合器由于结构简单、制造方便,在早期的中小型履带式拖拉机、推土机上得到了广泛运用。但由于其操纵性差、生产效率低、能耗较大,随着履带车辆功

57、率的不断增大,转向离合器的应用将会受到一定的限制。单差速器转向机构可使车辆几何中心位置的速度在转向过程中仍保持原直线行驶车速,当一侧完全制动时,转向半径过小,而另一侧履带速度过高、转向角速度过大,因此所需转向功率很大,会超出一般发动机的功率限制,驾驶员若持续转向,稍有不慎就会使发动机熄火,因而只能靠滑磨,用较大半径转向,或极不平稳地以小半径断续转向。因此这种单差速器转向机构现在几乎不再采用。双差速器转向机构可使履带车辆在转向时慢速侧履带降低的速度等于快速侧履带增加的速度,因此车辆转向时的平均速度与直线行驶的速度相同。但由于双差速器不能完全制动一侧履带,车辆不能原地转向,且转向半径的变化范围没有

58、使用转向离合器的大,转向平顺性较差。转向时快速侧履带加速,因此发动机的附加载荷比采用转向离合器的大。双差速器是由齿轮组成的转向机构,与转向离合器相比零件数目少、耐磨性好、寿命较长。行星转向机构由一组行星轮系和制动器组成。操作行星机构上的制动器可以改变两侧驱动轮驱动力矩大小使车辆转向。该类转向机构相对于转向离合器转向机构能传递较大的转向力矩,能够实现单自由度运动的固定轴齿轮机构所不能实现的二自由度的速度分解与合成,行星机构的行星架、太阳轮、齿圈三元件之间具有差速关系;转向机构多点传递动力,并且机构内部径向力相互平衡。但由于其结构复杂,仅在大功率的工业拖拉机、推土机及其它重型车辆上应用。单功率转向

59、的缺点是明显的,车辆仅有几个固定的转向半径,按非规定的转向半径转向时,要靠摩擦元件的滑磨来实现,难以得到稳定准确的转向半径;其次是在转向过程中摩擦元件的剧烈滑磨会带来发热和磨损,使传动效率降低,特别是在较大功率的转向工作状态下,会存在较大的功率损失,以致常需降速转向;另外,剧烈的摩擦也使机构容易损坏,导致工作可靠性差,寿命降低。1.2双功率流转向机构在发动机后,将发动机功率分成变速和转向两路并列传递,就是双功率流转向机构。双功率流转向机构将用于直驶推进的变速机构与造成左、右侧履带速度差的转向机构在传动系中并列,转向机构在车辆直驶时不造成两侧履带的速度差,在转向时,变速流提供各档不同的直线行驶速度与转向机构造成的两侧履带的速度差汇流,实现车辆的转向。(1机械式双功率流转向机构在单功率流转向机构的基础上最早出现的是直驶和转向两功率流均由机械装置来实现的机械式双功率流转向机构。此种转向机构主要由两个变速箱(一个主变速箱、一个分动箱、行星齿轮机构、离合器和行星机构制动器组成,在转向性能上较单功率流转向机构有很大提高,但是它的转向半径仍然是有级的。档位越低,得到的转向半径越小;档位越高,得到的转向半径越大。仍然不能适应车辆在所有不同曲率的道路上用圆滑轨迹转向行驶的需要,也不能排除部分接合摩擦元件进行滑磨转向及由滑