英语必修ⅳ外研版module4great scientists

1、Module 4 Great Scientists课标定位·高效导学类别课程标准要求掌握的项目重点单词staple adj.主要的，重要的leading adj.领导的，领先的figure n.数字，人物educate vt.教育，培养，训练nickname vt.加绰号于n.绰号，昵称agriculture n.农业，农艺，农学breeding n.繁殖，培育species n.物种，种类yield vt.出产vi.屈服n.产量original adj.最初的，新颖的publish vt.公布，发表；出版，刊印sterile adj.贫瘠的，（生物）不孕育的breakthrough

2、 n.突破support vt.支持，供养production n.产品，产量convert vt.使转变，使改变export vt.输出，出口agricultural adj.农业的replace vt.取代，替换quantity n.数量，大量quality n.质量，特性best-seller n. 畅销书（唱片） diagnose vt.诊断（疾病）brilliant adj.光辉的,卓越的career n.生涯，职业,经历brief adj.简短的，简洁的partly adv.部分地，在一定程度上physical adj.身体的，物质的，物理的graduate n.大学毕业生 vi.

3、毕业personal adj.私人的,本人的relativity n.相对性，相对论explode vt.使爆炸 vi.爆炸escape vi.逃跑，逸出，逃离 arrow n.箭straight a.直的，正直的ad.直接地clear a.清晰的 vt.清除，（烟雾）消散重点短语bring up 培养，抚养，养育give a higher yield获得高产search for搜索，寻找bring in引进，赚钱as a result of 由于，作为的结果cash crop 经济作物hybrid rice杂交水稻a variety of许多，各种各样的carry out执行，履行，贯彻be

4、cause of由于，因为graduate from从毕业earn ones living谋生be known for因而众所周知come to power掌权instead of而不是，取代be at war with与交战be attached to附属于，喜欢attachto把系到上be used for被用来if possible如果可能的话功能交际Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.The tubes were attached to a long stic

5、k which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.It is possible that they introduced them to Europe.语法Revision of the passive voiceBy + v-ing to indicate how something is doneResearchers were brought in from all over China.The research was supported by the government.You can get a good

6、job by studying hard.Researchers learn things by carrying out an experience.Section Introduction, Reading and Vocabulary Function知识整合·能力聚焦考点搜索1：bring up的用法【例1】(2010山东)Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up解析：

7、考查动词短语辨析：bring up抚养，养育；look up查找，仰望；pick up捡起，接送，（偶然）学会；set up开办，设立。句意：萨姆只是通过观看别人操作电脑便学到了一些电脑知识。依据句意理解，则选项C符合题意。名师点金：bring up的用法bring up常见意义如下：抚养，养育提出（议题）Why did you have to bring up the subject of money?你为什么非要提钱这个话题？He left her to bring up three young children on her own.他留下她独自抚养3个年幼的孩子。常见与up相关的短语汇

8、总：add up把加起来break up分解，破裂，解散bring up养育，抚养；提出<议题>cut up切碎，割碎cheer up<使>高兴起来，<振作起来>call up打电话；使回想起dress up装扮，打扮；对加以修饰，美化hang up挂断电话，挂起get up起床，站起来hold up支撑；耽搁，推迟；stay up熬夜，不睡觉；put up建造；张贴；提供膳宿；give up放弃，腾出<时间>；自首，投降tear up撕碎，撕毁turn up调大；露面，出现；卷起，竖起<衣领>use up用完，耗尽原文对照：Yuan

9、 Long ping was born and brought up in China.考点搜索2：award的用法【例2】After the campaign a special medal was _ to all of them.A. attributed B. awarded C. rewarded D. contributed解析：考查动词词义辨析：attribute归属；award授予，给予；reward报答，酬谢；contribute贡献，捐献。句意：此次战役后，他们每个人都获得了一枚特殊的勋章。答案：B名师点金：award的用法award作动词，意为“颁奖，授予，给予”；awa

10、rd sb. sth. 授予某人某物award sth. to sb. 颁奖（授予）某物给某人；award作名词，意为“奖，奖品”；（get / receive an award for sth. 因获得奖励）rewardreward作名词，意为“赏金，酬金；回报”；作动词，意为“报答，酬谢”；酬谢某人The Asian Games winner received a gold medal as an award.亚运会获胜者获得了一枚金牌作为奖励。We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the

11、case.如果有人提供有关案件的情报，我们愿意出一万元赏金。He was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design.他获杰出工业设计一等奖。Is that how you reward me for my help?你就是这样来报答我给你的帮助吗？He received an award for his great contributions to the country. 他因对国家的杰出贡献而获得奖励。The school awarded him a scholarship of 5000 dollars. 学校为他

12、颁发5000美元奖学金。原文对照：Albert Einstein was awarded Nobel Prize for physics in 1921考点搜索3：result的用法【例3】(2009全国II)Jenny nearly missed the flight _ doing too much shopping.A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of解析：考查短语辨析：。as a result of由于的结果； in need of 急需，需要；in front of在之前（侧重范围之外）；on top

13、of（危险或威胁）逼近，接近；<on the top of在顶部>；句意：由于买了很多东西，珍妮差一点就错过了航班。答案：A名师点金：result的用法result作名词，意为“结果”；as a result结果，因而as a result of = because of由于，因为，由于的结果Brown died as a result of the heart attack. 布朗死于心脏病。result作动词，意为“导致，产生”；result in = lead to导致，产生result from 起因于，由产生The crash resulted in the deaths

14、 of 14 passengers. 撞车事故造成14名乘客死亡。The arrests resulted from an anonymous telephone call. 一个匿名电话引发了一系列的逮捕事件。The accident resulted from a defective brake. 那次事故的原因在于刹车故障。原文对照：As a result of Yuan Long pings discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990s.点金测评·创新训练【基础巩固 全面训练】.单词

15、拼写1.The farmers are very pleased with the governments agricultural _ (农业) policy.2.Some scientists like to e_ with small white mice.3.The poor man had to find another job to s_ his big family.4.The two girls, who were twins, were the _ (受害者) of a road accident.5.The plastic surgeon _ (诊断) my illness

16、 as a rare bone disease.6.Last year my brother g_ from Peking University and found a job there.7.The _ (最初的) owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington.8.This year alone he _ (出版) four books. 9.Surgeons have made a great b_ in the kidney transplantation. 10.It is generally believed that advertisi

17、ng can increase _ (产量) and sales.11.Tom came up with a _ (绝妙的) idea for the book.12.Farmers are _（转化）to new production methods.短语翻译13.bring up _14. search for_15. bring in_16. as a result of _17.a variety of_18.carry out_19.because of_20.graduate from_21.谋生_22.因而众所周知_23.掌权_24.而不是，取代_交战_，喜欢_系到上_28.be

18、 used for被用来_.单项选择29. The old scientist has made_ in growing rice, which will_ more people in the world.A. a breakthrough; feed onB. a breakthrough; feedC. breakthrough; feed toD. breakthrough; feed with30. It took me hours to_ the problems out.A. carry B. takeC. find D. figure31. The time bomb _ bu

19、t nobody was injured.A. exploded B. exploredC. exported D. exposed32. Mr. Green, who is a member of Labor Party, has _Mr. Brown as President.A. taken place B. taken the placeC. in place of D. replaced33. You are lucky enough to escape_.A. punished B. having punishedC. to be punished D. being punishe

20、d34. It has been raining for three days. I hope _.A. it to clear up B. it will clear upC. to clear up D. it to be cleared up35. They_ the study_ a nursery room when the baby was born.A. turned; to B. changed; forC. converted; into D. transformed; to36. The success of his career has been_ due to the

21、support given by his mother and mostly his_ efforts.A. rather; personally B. partly; originalC. quickly; original D. partly; personal37. His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has_ many good changes in their lives.A. brought in B. brought outC. resulted fro

22、m D. brought about38. Gunpowder is widely used _ military purpose.A. on B. of C. from D. for.选词填空 species equal measuretransform award graduate breakthrough39.Scientists predict a major _ within six months.40.Theyve _ the old train station into a science museum.41.Prices become more stable when supp

23、ly _ demand.42.She's just _ from the School of Cookery（烹饪）.43.Over 120 _ of birds have been recorded in this National Park.44.Education shouldn't be _ purely by examination results.45.Einstein was _ the Nobel Prize for his great devotion to physics.【综合应用 提高训练】.根据汉语意思完成句子1.他希望靠卖饮料来谋生。He hoped

24、 to_ _ _ _ _drinks.2.由于交通阻塞，他开会迟到了。He was late for the meeting_ _ _ _a traffic jam.3.他执政后，为人民做了大量的工作。After he_ _ _, he did a lot of work for the people.4.树上的鸟儿朝四面八方飞去。The birds in the trees flew_ _ _.5.去年那座楼房被改建成了学校。That building _ _ _ a school last year.6.当你读完这本书时，请放回原处。When you have finished readi

25、ng the book, please _ it.单句改错7. If we across two plants, we will produce a new plant.8. They built a better engine from changing the design. 9. The books written by the famous scientist will be publishing next year.10. Great changes have been taken place in our country.11. Ten prisoners escaped out

26、the prison on the rainy night.12. I failed in the examination as a result my carelessness.13. The tailor made a suit by my own measure. 14. A maths problem was discussed when I entered the classroom.15. This kind of rice tastes nice and sold well. .完形填空In the city of Fujisawa, Japan, lives a woman n

27、amed Atsuko Saeki.When she was a teenager, she_16_ of going to the United States. Most of what she knew about American_17_ was from the textbooks she had read. “I had a_18_in mind：Daddy watching TV in the living room,Mummy_19_cakes and their teenage daughter off to the cinema with her boyfriend.”Ats

28、uko_20_to attend college in California. When she arrived, however, she found it was not her_21_world. “People were struggling with problems and often seemed_22_”, she said. “I felt very alone.”One of her hardest_23_ was physical education. “We played volleyball,” she said. “The other students were_2

29、4_it, but I wasnt.”One afternoon, the instructor asked Atsuko to_25_the ball to her teammates so they could knock it_26_the net. No problem for most people, but it terrified Atsuko. She was afraid of losing face_27_she failed.A young man on her team_28_what she was going through. “He walked up to me

30、 and_29_, Come on. You can do that.”“You will never understand how those words of_30_made me feel.Four words: You can do that. I felt like crying with happiness.”She made it through the class. Perhaps she thanked the young man；she is not_31_.Six years have passed. Atsuko is back in Japan, working as

31、 a salesclerk. “I have_32_forgotten the words,” she said. “When things are not going so well, I think of them.”She is sure the young man had no idea how much his kindness_33_to her. “He probably doesnt even remember it,” she said. That may be the lesson. Whenever you say something to a person-cruel

32、or kind-you have no idea how long the words will_34_.Shes all the way over in Japan, but still she hears those four_35_words: you can do that.16.A. learned B.spoke C.dreamed D.heard17.A.way B.life C.education D.spirit18.A.photo B.painting C.picture D.drawing19.A.baking B.frying C.steaming D.boiling2

33、0.A.hoped B.arranged C.liked D.attempted21.A.described B.imagined C.created D.discovered22.A.tense B.cheerful C.relaxed D.deserted23.A.times B.questions C.classes D.projects24.A.curious about B.good at C.slow at D.nervous about25.A.kick B.pass C.carry D.hit26.A.through B.into C.over D.past27.A.after

34、 B.if C.because D.until28.A.believed B.considered C.wondered D.sensed29.A.warned B.sighed C.ordered D.whispered30.A.excitement B.encouragement C.persuasion D.suggestion31.A.interested B.doubtful C.puzzled D.sure32.A.never B.already C.seldom D.almost33.A.happened B.applied C.seemed D.meant34.A.contin

35、ue B.stay C.exist D.live35.A.merciful B.bitter C.simple D.easy.阅读理解ADo you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did fools experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?Sometimes, people think they al

36、ready know the answer to a question or the solution to a problem. Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution, but without thinking they are important.Charles Darwin didnt settle for (满足于) just thinking he knew something. And, he believed all things could be important however simple they

37、seemed to be.Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape. If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way. Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets. What happens? You

38、have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldnt be worth anything.But this simple experiment is important. It explains part of our present-day understandings of physics, ideas that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton. And these understandings set aside some of an

39、cient Greek physics.Scientist sometimes stops to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them. Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations of science.36. The passage tells us that Charles Darwin _.A. was a great English scientistB. always liked

40、doing the experiments that others thought difficultC. thought even the simplest thing was importantD. didnt get well with others37.The phrase “set aside” most probably means_.A. throw away B. store upC. put to use D. realize38. The author of the passage tries to _.A. convince us that Charles Darwin,

41、 Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the worldB. draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple thingsC. prove that two sheets of paper, with the same size and shape, will fall at the same speedD. draw our attention to everyday happenings around us39. Which of the following is TRUE

42、? _A. Darwin really did fools experiments.B. According to some people Darwin did foolish experiments.C. It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.D. Galileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.BMedicine comes in different packages. Some i

43、n a tablet can make your headache go away. Others from a tube can prevent your cuts from becoming infected. But can medicine come packaged in chicken eggs?Scientists from Scotland say "yes". They've engineered（改变基因） special chickens that _ with disease-treating drugs inside. These drug

44、s are made of protein. Animals make thousands of proteins which are the main aspects in skin, hair, milk, and meat. Since animals can make proteins easily, they also can make protein drugs.Researchers have already made cows, sheep, and goats produce protein drugs in their milk. But chickens are chea

45、per to take care of, need less room, and grow faster than these other animals. A team of researchers changed chickens' DNA, the code that tells cells how to make proteins, so that the birds' cells made two protein drugs. One drug can treat skin cancer, and the other treats a nerve disease.Th

46、e scientists changed the chickens' DNA so that the birds made these drugs only in their egg whites. This protects the chickens' bodies from the drugs' possible harmful effects and makes it easy for scientists to collect the drugs.These special chickens can pass on their drug-laying abili

47、ties to their chickens. The scientists need to improve these chickens before they settle in drug companies' labs. The birds don't make enough drugs to treat people yet. But one day it will come into our daily life.40.What does the passage mainly talks about? (Please answer within 10 words.)_

48、41.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?The drug-laying abilities can go down to the next generation of these special chickens._42.Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)_43

49、.What do you think of the special chickens? (Please answer within 30 words.)_44.Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese._Section Grammar & Writing考点搜索1：bring in的用法【例1】The new comers _ new customs and new habits.A. brought about B. brought up C. brought out D. brought in解析：考查动词短语辨析：bring in引进，带来；bring about引起，产生，造成；bring out出版，生产，显示；bring up抚养，养育。句意：新来的人们带来了新的风俗和习惯。答案：D名师点金：bring in的用法bring in常见意义如下：盈利，赚钱引进使某人参加The sale of the house only brought