Book1_U1_重点词汇讲解

1、 Book oneU1 重点词汇讲解 西亭高级中学 徐训康1. experience n. (1) C 经历something that happens to you or something you do, especially when this has an effect on what you feel or think:1) This was my first experience of living abroad.这是我第一次在国外生活的经历。2) Failing an exam was a new experience for me.考试失败对我来说是全新的体验。3) Getti

2、ng caught in the flood was quite an experience for me. 被洪水困住对我来说是一次特别的经历。 (2) U 经验 knowledge or skill that you gain from doing a job or activity, or the process of doing this:1) Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的老师。2) I have some first-hand experience in skiing. 我有滑雪的第一手经验。3) Nowadays people pref

3、er to hire someone with work experience. 当今人们喜好雇用一些有工作经验的人。v. (1) 经历，体验，遭受to have a particular situation affect you or happen to youEveryone experiences these problems at some time in their lives每个人在人生中的某些时刻都经历过这些问题。(2) 感受，体会，体验 to experience pain/pleasure/unhappiness 感受痛苦/愉快/不幸experienced adj. 有经验的

4、an experienced teacheran experienced reporterbe experienced at/in +名词/doing something 1) Jenny is experienced at teaching beginners. 珍妮在教初学者方面有经验。 2) Tom is experienced in dealing with difficult customers. 汤姆在与难对付的客户打交道方面有经验。2. earn v. (1) 挣钱 to receive money by working 1) She doesnt earn much money

5、, but she enjoys the work. 她赚不到很多钱，但是她喜欢这个工作。 earn a living = make a living, earn ones living = make ones living 2) He earns his living as a teacher. 他靠当教师谋生。 (2) 赢得 to get something as a result of ones efforts 1) He earned respect from his students. 他赢得了学生的尊敬。 2) She earned a reputation as the best

6、 teacher of the school. 她赢得了最优秀教师的荣誉。 3) His achievement earned him respect and admiration. 他的成就为他赢得了尊敬和钦佩。3. devote vt.(1) 致力于，献身to give most of your time, energy, attention, etc. to sb./sth. She devoted herself to her career.她全力倾注于自己的事业。 (2) 把用于 to give an amount of time, attention, etc. to sth. I

7、 could only devote two hours a day to work on the project.我一天只能在这个项目上花两小时。devoted adj. 挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的They are devoted to their children.他们深爱着自己的孩子。a devoted son /friend / fan 孝子； 忠诚的朋友； 狂热的崇拜者devotion n. 4. average adj.(1) 平均的 the average rainfall平均降雨量 1) Tom is of average height. 汤姆是平均身高。 2) The ave

8、rage age of the students in this school here is 16. 该校学生的平均年龄是16岁。 (2) 一般的，普通的(neither very good nor very bad) 1) She looks like an average teacher. 她看起来是一名普通的老师。 2) An average American eats more than 10 pounds of chocolate a year. 美国人平均每年吃掉10磅多的巧克力。 n. 平均，平均数” 1) The average of five and three is fo

9、ur. 5和3的平均数是4 2) Do you know how to work out an average? 你知道怎样算平均数吗？ 3) This years rainfall comes close to the average. 今年的降雨量接近平均水平。average的词组：* on (the) average 平均而言On (the) average, I receive 15 e-mails every day.* above (the) average / below (the) average高于/低于平均水平1) Her grades are above the aver

10、age. 她的成绩高于平均分。2) The cost of living in this city is below the average. 这个城市的生活费用低于平均水平。5. struggle n. (1) 只用单数难事 ( to do sth.) It was a real struggle to be ready on time.要按时做好准备确非易事。(2) 斗争；努力 struggle with sb. against/for sth. 和某人为反对/争取-而斗争 vi. 奋斗；努力；挣扎 struggle for freedom 为争取自由而努力 struggle to do

11、sth. struggle against/with sb./sth. 斗争，抗争 He struggled agaisnt cancer for two years. 他同癌症抗争了两年。6look back on 回首（往事），回忆，回顾 look back on ones childhood 回顾自己的童年7exchange n. (1) 交换，互换（giving and receiving） the exchange of prisoners 交换俘虏(2) 交流 promote an open exchange of ideas and information促进思想和信息的公开交流

12、(3) 交谈，争论 There was only time for a brief exchange.只有简短的交谈时间。(4)（金钱）兑换，汇兑 exchange rate/ rate of exchange 兑换价(5)（不同国家人或团体之间的）交流，互访 trade and cultural exchanges with China 与中国的贸易和文化交流v. (1) 交换 exchange sth. with sb. *exchange ideas/news/information 交流思想，互通信息 I shook hands and exchanged a few words wi

13、th the mangers. 我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。 (2)（金钱）兑换, (商品)更换 exchange A for B 1) You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.你可以在旅馆里把你的钱兑换成美元。 2) If it doesnt fit, take it back and the store will exchange it. 不合适就拿回来，商店将给你调换。 changeable adj. 可交换的，可交易的，可兑换的，可更换的8. graduate n. (1)大学毕业生，学士学位获得者 a grad

14、uate in history 历史学学士(2) 毕业生 a high-school graduate 高中毕业生v. (1) 大学毕业，获得学士学位graduate in sth./from sth. She graduated from York with a degree in Psychology.她毕业于约克大学，获心理学学士学位。(2) 毕业 graduate from high school 高中毕业graduate school 研究生院graduation n. 1) U 毕业 after graduation 毕业后 2）C, U 毕业典礼 graduation day 毕

15、业典礼日9. donate v. (1) 捐献，捐款 donate something to sb./sth.She donated one million yuan to the Hope Project.她向希望工程捐款一百万。 (2) donate blood 献血* donation n. (1)C捐献(尤指钱)，捐赠物 make a donation (to) 捐款 (2) U捐赠行为10. inform v. 通知(1) inform sb. about/of sth.(正式)告知某人某事Please inform us of any change of address as so

16、on as possible.如有地址变更，请尽快告知。(2) inform sb. + that-从句告知某人We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被接受。11. approve(1) vt. 批准，通过”(to officially accept a plan, proposal, etc.)The President approved the building plan.(2) vi .赞成，认可，同意”(to think that something /somebod

17、y is good, right, or suitable) * approve of1) Her parents dont approve of their marriage.她的父母不同意他们结婚。2) I dont approve of your choice. 我不赞成你的选择。(3) approve approval 名词 approve disapprove反义词12. charge n. (1) 负责，掌管 sb. be in charge of 某人负责； put sb. in charge of 让某人负责take charge of 负责in/under the charg

18、e of sb. 由某人负责The company is now in the charge of Mr. White.=Mr. White is now in charge of the company. 公司现在由怀特先生负责。 (2) 费用 free of charge 免费；no extra charge for delivery 不另收运费 (3) 指控，控告 bring the charges against sb. 对某人起诉 (4)电荷，电量 on charge 在充电 v. (1) 使承担责任(2) 收费 charge sb. $50 for a meal(3) 指控，控告

19、He was charged with murder. 他被控犯有谋杀罪。三、词汇拓展训练（一）单项填空：1. - Are you free tomorrow afternoon? - Im afraid not. Ill have to _ an important lecture given by a famous professor. A. joinB. take part inC. attendD. enter 2. The Chief Manager made a donation of one million _ the City Museum. A. to B. atC. onD

20、. for3. They failed to finish the project in time. I regretted _ them. A. to be not able to help B. being not able to help C. not being able to help D. not be able to help4. Still, some women do not have any full-time jobs because their husbands do not _. A. agreeB. approveC. allowD. admit5. History

21、 is my favorite subject. So I think Ill _ physics and chemistry when I reach Senior II.A. stopB. dropC. desertD. leave6. Through hard work you will _ the respect of your fellow workers. Which of the following is not appropriate?A. gainB. earnC. winD. accept7. Well be having a picnic this afternoon b

22、y the lake. Why dont you come and _ us? A. take part in B. attendC. joinD. enter8. It is _ deep regret that we have to report the death of the pupils. A. to B. ofC. withD. in9. We will inform you _ writing _ the changes as soon as possible. A. for inB. at onC. in ofD. on about10. He is a great succe

23、ss as a scientist, but he hasnt _in teaching. A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot of experiences（二）单词拼写：1. The job wasnt _ enough for me. I want something more creative. (富有挑战性的)2. She is studying American _ at Georgetown University at present. (文学)3. The students are worki

24、ng hard every day, in _ for the big examination. (准备)4. Older people often complain that the younger _ dont know what hard work is. (一代人)5. It takes an _ of two weeks to finish a task like this. (平均)6. The village schools are in great need of _ teachers. (有经验的)7. Have a rest before you _ with your r

25、eading. (继续)8. The Internet is _ at a very fast speed. (发展)9. People in this neighborhood can use the gym at no _ cost. (额外的)10. The Ming _ ruled China from 1368 to 1644. (朝代)（三）词组填空:Aintroduce to for free donate to prepare for on average inform of1. According to this research, _ women live between

26、five to seven years longer than men. 2. Before I open the letter, lets _ ourselves _ the news, whether it is good or bad.3. I think doctors should _ the patients _ the side effects of the medicine they take. 4. Peter, I want to _ you _ my family. 5. He has offered to do the job _. 6. Do you think yo

27、u are willing to _ some of your time _ the volunteer work?Bpay attention to approve of above averagemiss the chance earn respect 1. Her performance last night was well _, which surprised everyone.2. I do not _ your choice of friends.3. If you dont _ the teacher in class, I dont think you will pass t

28、he examination.4. You will soon regret it if you _. 5. If you want to be a good boss, you will have to _ from your employees first.（四）综合填空：1. - How was your trip to Beijing? - Great. My only r_ was that I had no time to visit the Great Wall.2. - What are we having for d_? - Ice-cream, cheese cake an

29、d chocolate pudding. 3. - How much are these books? - Five dollars each. But if you buy two, you could get the third one for f_. 4. - May I i_ myself? Im Jerry Blom, assistant to Dr. Smith. - Nice to meet you. 5. - Why dont you buy that cellphone? Its 30% off today! - Not unless my parents a_. 6. -

30、Whats the matter, officer? I was driving at 50 miles an hour. I wasnt speeding. - Sir, you are r_ by law to wear a seat belt. 7. - Whats your new boss like? - Oh, she is hard to p_. Everything should be perfect. 8. - Look at the mistakes! You are not paying a_ in class! - Im sorry sir. I promise Ill

31、 listen more carefully. 9. - Whats your secret to success? - The reason I a_ good results is that I work hard. So could you!10. - Do you agree with me? - I totally disagree with you, but I r_ your opinion. （五）短文填空： I studied at a British high school for one school year. It was quite an _1_ for me. My class with 29 students is of _2_ size in Britain, but much s