2015年暑期英语培训（五）

1、2015年新高三暑期英语培训 （五）Warming up : 怀着目的 _ 一本写给孩子的书_焦虑感 _ 养父母 _采纳他的建议 _ 因而责备某人 _某人该受到责备 _ 帮某人一个忙 _支持，赞成 _ 打算做某事 _第一部分：非谓语动词1.【2015·湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _ whether to stay or leave.A. wondering B. wonder Cto wonder Dwonde

2、red2.【2015·北京】21._the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A.Catching. B.Caught. C.To catch. D.Catch3.【2015·北京】23.The park was full of people,_themselves in the sunshine.A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy4.【2015·北京】31.If _for the job, youll be

3、informed soon.A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted 5.【2015·重庆】6. _ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise6.【2015·重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_ the sun and the

4、stars.A. usedB. having used C. using D. use7.【2015·浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed8.【2015·天津】8. _ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A. To workB. Work

5、edC. To be working D. Having worked9.【2015·天津】5. _in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching. A. To absorbB. To be absorbedC. AbsorbedD. Absorbing 10.【2015·陕西】17. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her caree

6、r. A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked11.【2015·陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken 12.【2015·福建】28._ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decide

7、d to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.A. LearnB. LearnedC. To learnD. To be learning13.【2015·福建】33.In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _the sense of “information” and " atmosphere".A. combineB. combined C. combing D. being combined14.【2015

8、·江苏】24.Much time _ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending【答案】C15.【2015·安徽】27._ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.A. IgnoreB. IgnoringC. Ignored

9、D. Having ignored16.【2015·湖南】34.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students _ what is bothering them.A. to talk over B. talked overCtalk over Dhaving talked over一、考点知识归纳非谓语动词的句法功能归纳成分形式主语宾语补语表语定语状语不定式动名词分词考点一动词不定式、分词作状语1动词不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。(1)不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语

10、时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。典题示例_ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.(make)特别提示：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。 如：He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.In order to catch the first bus，he got up early.为了赶上第一班车，他起床很早。(2)

11、不定式用来作结果状语：作结果状语时，常用于so.as to.，such.as to.，enough to.，too.to.，only to等结构中。特别提示：不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的结果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。典题示例 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.(reach) 典题示例He hurried to the booking office only_ th

12、at all the tickets had been sold out.(tell) (3)不定式用来作原因状语：不定式与形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这些形容词主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。如：They were surprised to be informed of the news.被告知这一消息他们感到很吃惊。I'm glad to hear this.听到此事我很高兴。2过去分词作状语(1)过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作或

13、状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在动宾关系。如：Inspired by what he said，we are determined to study harder.受他的话语的鼓舞，我们决心更加努力地学习。(2)过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。(3)作状语时，是用现在分词还是用过去分词，取决于该动词与句子主语之间的关系。如果是逻辑上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词；如果是逻辑上的

14、动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。请记住下面的例子，并细心体会。注意：句子的主语改变了，分词的形式也要相应地发生变化。_ from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系)_ from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系)3现在分词作状语(1)现在分词作状语时其逻辑主语往往是句子的

15、主语，这时该动词与句子的主语之间往往存在主谓关系。典题示例As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _，and asked myself what I was going to do.(move) (2)现在分词的形式和内在含义形式 内在含义doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生having done 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生being done 与句中主语构成逻辑的动宾关系且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作定语。having been done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾

16、关系，且先于谓语动词发生，一般作状语(3)现在分词作状语的几个特性时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用现在分词一般式，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系。人称一致性。现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。4独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking.一般说来frankly speaking.坦白地说judging from/by.根据来判断considering./o consideration考虑到to tell you the

17、truth.说实话supposing.即使，如果compared to/with.与相比如：Generally speaking，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.一般说来，照相机越贵，它的质量就越好。Judging from his accent，he is from the south.从他的口音判断，他来自南方。Considering your health，youd better have a rest.考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。To tell you the truth，I'm a little t

18、ired.说实话，我有点累。5独立主格结构作状语 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。独立主格结构的特点是：(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语不是句子的主语。(2)名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。(3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。独立主格结构的构成形式主要有：名词(代词)现在分词/过去分词名词(代词)形容词名词(代词)副词名词(代词)不定式名词(代词)介词短语 with/without名词(代词)宾语补足语。如：He came out of the libr

19、ary，(with)a book under his arm.他夹着本书，走出了图书馆。Weather permitting(If weather permits)，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。The president assassinated(After the president was assassinated)，the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。考点二动词不定式、分词、动名词作定语1分词、动词不定式和动名词作定语分述(1)过去分词作定

20、语：单个的分词作定语，一般位于其修饰的名词之前；分词短语作定语，一般位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语，该分词与被修饰的词之间存在动宾关系。如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.上周被偷的车被警察找到了。(2)现在分词作定语：单个的分词作定语，一般位于其修饰的名词之前；分词短语作定语，一般位于其修饰的名词之后。被现在分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语，该分词与被修饰的词之间存在主谓关系。如：a sleeping boy一个正在睡觉的男孩The factory making these pens is

21、 a small one.制造这些钢笔的是一家小工厂。(3)动词不定式作定语：动词不定式作定语时，位于被其修饰的词之后。不定式作定语时往往表示将要发生的动作。如：Is this the best way to help him?这是帮他的最好方式吗？在作定语的动词不定式中，如果其中的动词是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on.他是值得信赖的人。如果被不定式修饰的名词为place，time，way等时，不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.这

22、个老人正在找一个安静的地方来生活。(4)现在分词与动名词作定语的区别：现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的动作，二者是逻辑上的主谓关系，读时都有重音。动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途，二者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，读时只重读动名词。动名词作定语只能置于被修饰词的前面，而现在分词作定语有时可置前，有时可置后，尤其是现在分词短语作定语。如：a swimming boya boy who is swimming(现在分词作定语)a swimming poola pool for swimming(动名词作定语)2动词不定式与分词作定语的区别(1)首先表现在时态上：不定式作定语通常指将来的动作，现在

23、分词作定语表示正在进行的动作而过去分词作定语表示已经完成的动作。如：I have three letters to write this morning.今天上午我有三封信要写。Do you know the man sitting there?你认识坐在那边的那个人吗？Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun?你读过鲁迅写的短篇小说吗？(2)其次是判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的关系，如果是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语形式(过去分词，现在分词的被动式，不定式的被动式)，如果是主谓关系则用现在分词或动词不定式的主动形式。The buil

24、ding built there is our labs.那边建完了的那幢楼是我们的实验室。The building being built there is our labs.那边正在建的那幢楼是我们的实验室。The building to be built there is our labs.那边将要建的那幢楼是我们的实验室。3易混点当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同，试比较：Have you got anything to buy?你有什么东西要买吗？(不定式to buy的动作执行者是you)Have you

25、got anything to be bought?你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗？(不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”，因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)考点三分词、动词不定式作补语1分词、动词不定式作补语分述(1)过去分词作宾语补足语：句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。如：I had my bike repaired yesterday.昨天我让人修了我的自行车。When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.当我打开门时，我发现地面被落叶覆盖着。

26、(2)现在分词作宾语补足语：句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行中的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。如：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.我们可以看见蒸汽在湿衣服上升起。(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语：句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。动词不定式作宾语补足语强调动作的整个过程。常用不定式作宾语补足语的几种情况：主语ask/require/tell

27、/order/force/get/want/likesb.to do sth.，主语think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imaginesb.to be/to have done，主语call on(upon)/depend on/wait for/ask forsb.to do sth.。动词see，watch，notice，hear，observe，make，have等的宾语补足语用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。2分词、动词不定式作补语时的区别(1)现在分词作宾补强调动作的延续性，表示动作正在进行，更具描绘性。而不定式作宾补一般

28、表示动作的全过程，表明动作已经结束或即将发生。如：I found a strange person walking near our shop all day.我发现一个陌生人一整天都在我们商店附近转悠。I dont often see him go to the cinema.我不经常看到他去看电影。(2)现在分词或不定式作宾补表示它与宾语之间是主谓关系，用过去分词作宾补一般表示它与宾语之间是动宾关系，完成状态或动作由别人完成。如：I heard him singing next door.我听到他在隔壁唱歌。(主动进行)I heard him often sing next door.我听

29、到他经常在隔壁唱歌。(主动完成)I heard the song sung by him next door.我听到这首歌在隔壁被他唱过。(被动完成)I heard the song being sung next door.我听见在隔壁有人正唱这首歌。(被动进行)3易混点现在分词作宾补和动名词复合结构作宾语形式上似乎相同，其区别是：从谓语动词上看，现在分词作宾补属于“主谓宾宾补”的句式，谓语动词必须是能带复合宾语的动词，而动名词复合结构则是“主谓宾”结构，谓语动词必须是能带动名词作宾语的动词。如：I saw him passing by.我看见他走过。(分词作宾补)We suggested

30、him/his going there at once.我们建议他马上去那里。(动名词作宾语)考点四非谓语动词作宾语、表语和主语1非谓语动词作宾语(1)在三种非谓语动词中只有动名词和动词不定式可以用来作宾语，分词不能作宾语。(2)动名词作宾语：以下动词只接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式：admit，advise，allow，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，forbid，forgive，imagine，keep, mind，miss，permit，practise，resist，risk，sugge

31、st等。以下动词短语只接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式：cant help(忍不住)，cant stand，give up，put off，be/get used to(习惯于)，devote oneself to，get down to，look forward to，lead to，pay attention to，see to，turn to等。(3)动词不定式作宾语：不定式作宾语有两种情况，一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，二是“动词疑问词带to的不定式”。“动词带to的不定式”结构：常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有afford，appear，agree，decide，demand，desi

32、re，fail，hope，intend，learn，mean，offer，promise，refuse，wish等。“动词疑问代(副)词不定式”结构：常见的这类动词有advise，decide，forget，know，learn，remember，see，tell，think，teach，wonder，discover，understand，guess，explain等。这类疑问代(副)词有what，when，which，where，how，whether等(不包含why)。如：She does not know how to go there.她不知道怎么去那里。He will tell y

33、ou how to deal with it.他将会告诉你如何处理此事。不定式作宾语时，有时我们会使用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面。典题示例The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. (4)一些动词或动词短语后面接动词不定式和接动名词作宾语在意思上有很大的区别：(5)动词want，need，require意为“需要”时，后面跟动名词或动词不定式的被动式作宾语区别不大。如：The flowers need/want/require watering/to be wat

34、ered.这些花需要浇水。(6)在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit后面直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则应构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit名词/代词动词不定式(作宾语补足语)”。如：We don't allow smoking here.我们不允许在这里吸烟。We don't allow anyone to smoke here.我们不允许任何人在这里吸烟。(7)动词不定式在but，other than，except后面时，如果之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么后面的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。如：We coul

35、d do nothing but/other than/except wait.我们没有办法，只得等待。He had no choice but to wait.他别无选择，只得等待。另外，在cant choose but，cant help but，cant but后的不定式也要省略to。如：He cannot choose but wait.他没办法只好等下去。I cannot but agree to his terms.我只得同意他的条件。在why和why not后省略to。如：Why not go there by train?为什么不乘火车去那里？Can you tell me w

36、hy do it？(Can you tell me why I should do it？)你能告诉我为什么做这件事吗？2非谓语动词作表语不定式、现在分词、过去分词以及动名词都能作表语，其用法注意如下：(1)当现在分词和过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的现在分词或过去分词，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词。现在分词通常表示“(某事/物)令人感到的”，而过去分词则表示某人的感受，意为“感到的”。这样的词常见的有：interesting“有趣的”，interested“感兴趣的”；exciting“令人兴奋的”，excited“感到兴奋的”；disappointing“令人失望的”，di

37、sappointed“感到失望的”等。这类现在分词形式的形容词作表语时，一般是物作主语；而过去分词形式的形容词作表语时，则一般是人作主语。如：The story sounds interesting.那个故事听起来有趣。She is interested in the story.她对那个故事感兴趣。(2)表示一般的概念时，不定式、动名词可以互换，而表示具体的个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。如：What she likes is watching (to watch)children play.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。My wish is to become a good tea

38、cher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。(3)动名词作表语说明主语的内容，常可与主语换位，回答what或doing what的问题。现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质和特征，回答how的问题，其主语可以是具体的人或物。现在分词的被动语态不作表语。进行时态说明正在进行的动作。如：My job is teaching the children English.我的工作是教孩子们英语。(动名词)What you teach is very interesting.你所教的科目很有趣。(现在分词)I was teaching the children English when he passed by.他经过

39、时，我正教孩子们英语。(进行时态)3非谓语动词作主语(1)不定式作主语不定式(或不定式短语)作主语时常用“it”来代替，称为形式主语。真正主语(不定式)放在句尾。在It isadj.for/of sb.to do sth.中，当形容词表达人所具有的特性时用of sb.，当形容词表达事物的特征时用for sb.。如：It is kind of you to say so.你这么说真是太好了。It is easy for you to do it.对你来说做这件事太容易了。(2)动名词作主语动名词作主语时，也常用it句式。如：It's no use/good doing.，Its usel

40、ess doing.，There is no doing.。如：Its no use arguing with hershe won't listen.跟她争论没有用她不会听的。There is no saying what will happen next.说不准接下来会发生什么。二、方法技巧总结方法一：找准判断主动与被动的依据非谓语动词的考查主要在主动还是被动上，若找准判断的依据，问题可以迎刃而解。作状语，主动与被动是相对于句子的主语来讲的；作定语时，主动与被动是相对于所修饰的词而言的；作补语时，主动与被动是相对于宾语而言的。但也要注意作目的状语时，只能用动词不定式。典题示例The

41、 manager, _ his factorys products were poor in quality，decided to give his workers further training.(know)方法二：正确识别要考查的类型“with的复合结构和连词分词结构”是经常考查的类型。但这两种形式都非常简单。with的复合结构考查的重点只有三种形式：with宾语doing(宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关系)with宾语done(宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)with宾语to do(表将来)连词分词结构只有两种形式：连词doing(主动语态)；连词done(被动语态)。明白了上述结构

42、可以大大提高做题速度和准确度。典题示例With trees and grass _ 39.6% of the urban area，the city of Weifang has taken on a new look.(cover)剖析：covering考查with的复合结构。If not _ from work，I will spend some time locked in my study every evening.(tire)剖析：tired由于本题是考查“连词分词”的省略形式，过去分词表示“感到的”(主语为人)，由于主语是I，所以运用过去分词。方法三：时间先后判断法如果选项中出现

43、了非谓语动词的完成式，就要考虑非谓语动词与谓语动词发生的时间先后问题。如：to have done表示该动作在谓语动词之前发生；to be doing强调与谓语动词同时发生；doing表示与谓语动词几乎同时发生；having done表示该动作在谓语动词之前发生；done表示在谓语动词之前发生。典题示例_ in the queue for half an hour，Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.(wait)方法四：习惯用法学习非谓语动词时，要记住某些特殊动词的用法，哪些动词后只能接v.­ing形式，

44、哪些动词后两种形式都可以接，且含义有什么不同。典题示例As I will be away for at least a year，Id appreciate _ from you now and then _ me how everyone is getting along.(hear；tell)It annoys me when people forget _“thank you”(say)真题改编，语法填空1(2013·湖南改编)_ warm at night, I would fill the wood stove, then set my alarm clock for mi

45、dnight so I could refill it.(stay)2(2013·北京改编)Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own.(change)3(2013·山东改编)I stopped the car _take a short break as I was feeling tired.4(2013·四川改编)The airport _ next year will help promote tour5(2013·新课标全国改编)The sunlight is whit

46、e and blinding, _ hard­edged shadows on the ground.(throw)6(2013·四川改编)_which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.(know)7(2013·山东改编)The room is empty except for a book shelf _ in one corner.(stand)8(2013·湖南改编)The sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain

47、 in golden light.(bath)9(2013·北京改编)_ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.(find)10(2013·浙江改编)_ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.(hear)11(2013·江苏改编)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the

48、city took on a new look.(reduce)12(2013·福建改编)_ basic first­aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.(know)13(2013·全国改编)I got to the office earlier that day, _ the 7：30 train from Paddington.(catch)14(2013·重庆改编)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed,

49、 _ me stories till I fell asleep.(tell)15(2013·江苏改编)Lionel Messi, _ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.(set)16(2013·山东改编)_ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.(eat)17(2013·辽宁改编)Laura

50、was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ for her.(wait)18(2013·新课标全国改编)They might just have a place _ on the writing coursewhy don't you give it a try?19(2013·陕西改编)Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them.(understand)20(2013·陕

51、西改编)The witnesses _ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.(question)21(2013·湖南改编)You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts.(offer)22(2013·安徽改编)_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art. (foun

52、d)23(2013·江西改编)If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.(ask)24(2013·北京改编)When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.(block)25(2013·天津改编)In some languages,100 words make up half of all words _ in daily conversations.(use)1.(

53、2014·大纲全国,23)Today there are more airplanes more people than ever before in the skies. A.carryB.carryingC.carriedD.to be carrying2.(2014·大纲全国,33) me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result. A.CallingB.CallC.To callD.Having called3.(2014·重庆,11)Group activities will be or

54、ganized after class children develop team spirit. A.helpingB.having helpedC.helpedD.to help4.(2014·江西,34)He is thought foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A.to actB.to have actedC.actingD.having acted5.(2014·福建,30)For those with family members far

55、 away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying . A.connectedB.connectingC.to connectD.to be connected6.(2014·浙江,14)Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse to guard her. A.to appointB.appointingC.appointedD.having appointed7.(2014·重庆,5)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras to our shop for quality problems. A.returningB.