高考英语第一轮单元基础知识复习

1、高考英语第一轮单元基础知识复习类别新课标学习要求词汇n. 1.担心，关注 2德语，彳g国人 3.权禾I，能力 4窗帘 5伙伴，合伙人 6.公路，大路 7.包裹 8.手提箱9.大衣，外套 10十几岁青少年11提示，尖端，小费 12项目，条款v. 1忽视，不理睬 2.打雷 3.交换定居,解决 5痊愈，恢复 6不同意 7.不喜欢 adj. 1.心烦意乱的 2松散的，松开的 3积满灰尘的 4感激的adv. 1.在户外，在野外 2完全地 3确切地短语1.合计 2平静，镇定 3不得不，必须4关心，挂念 5.经历，经受 6记下，放下，登记 7.一连串的 8.故意地 9.在黄昏10.面对面地 11.遭受 12

2、 对 .厌倦13与.相处，进展 14爱上 15参加，加入句型 while walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.i don' t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.it was the first time in a year and a half that i ' d seen the night face to face.mum asked her if she was ve

3、ry hot with so many clothes on.强调结构语法 1.she said : "i don ' t want to set down a series of facts in adiary.”she said that she didd t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.2 .was it an accident or did david do it on purpose?f i wondered if it had been an accident or david had done it

4、 on purpose.3 . father asked ann when she went to bed the night before.一 “when did you go to bed last night? ”，father asked.XX高考命题趋向分析1.suffer用作及物动词和不及物动词的用法是学生易混淆的考点之一。当suffer用作及物动词时，指“遭罪”，不突出原因，指遭受一般的 损害、痛苦；而作不及物动词时，通常与介词 from连用，指“受- 折磨”，突出原因（即其后面跟名词），指遭受长期的或习惯性的痛苦 或困难。此考点仍可能是XX年高考命题的侧重点2. situati

5、on为新课标重点词汇，是历年高考中的常考词汇，其测试点 不仅仅限于单项填空。通常考查situation, condition和state当“情形， 境况”讲时的用法区别。此考点在 XX年高考命题中仍会是考查的重 点3.in order to, so as to, in order that和 so that 的区别一直是高考的设题 点。考生在复习备考中应该注意：（1） in order to引导目的状语，位 于句首或句中；（2） so as to引导目的状语，只位于句中；（3） so that（in order that）引导的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词常与may, might, can,co

6、uld等情态动词连用。此考点可以和倒装句以及连词放在一起考查， 在复习备考中要倍加重视4 .go through, get through, look through 等带 through 类的动介型短语之间的意思辨析和多层意思，一直是高考关注的焦点，一定要掌握，明确其使用方法，考生要根据语境判断区分和判断。 近三年的全国各 地高考题都有对此类考点的考查，XX年仍作为复习的重点。共12页， 当前第 1 页 1234567891011125 .强调句式在近三年的高考题中均有考查，考生做此类题时，要注意 强调句中的变化和it句型的辨析。如：it be/has been-since; it be/w

7、illbe-before; it be-when等句型。XX年仍可能是高考设题的重点。6 .with的复合结构是历年来高考的重点，考生要注意宾语补足语的非谓语动词形式，尤其是现在分词和过去分词的选择和使用。XX年山东卷、安徽卷、福建卷和重庆卷均对 with复合结构进行了考查。XX 年高考中可能仍要继续关注此考点。7 . it/this/that is the + 序数词 + time that 这是某人第一次 /第二次/ 第三次做某事。此句型为固定结构，XX年仍然是复习的重点1. add (vt./vi)力口，增加，补充说;比较 add up/add up to /add to 之区别；2.

8、point n.点；尖端；分数；v.指向，表明；3. concern v.使担忧，使烦恼；与有牵连n.关心，关注，利害关系。1.1 t/this /that is the first/second .time that-clause;5 .with的复合结构；状语从句中的省略现象；6 .before从句结构。1. （XX 浙江卷）it we had stayed together for a couple of weeks1 found we had a lot in common.a. was until; when b. was until; thatc. wasn' t unti

9、l; when d. wasn' t until; that2. （XX 重庆卷）it is not who is right but what is right is of importance.a. whichb. it c. that d. this3. （08 全国 ii） it was in new Zealand elizabeth first met mr. smith.a. that b. how c. which d. when4. （08 江西卷）my english teacher' s humor was make everystudent burst

10、into laughter.a. so as to b. such as toc. such that d. so that5. （08 天津卷）it was along the mississippi river mark twainspent much of his childhood.a. how b. which c. that d. where6. （ 08 重庆卷）it was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site.共 12 页，当前第 2 页 123456789101112a .that b. when c. while

11、d. as7. （09 陕西）from their on the top of the tv tower, visitors canhave a better view of the city.a. stage b. position c. condition d. situation8. （09 陕西） this is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family. ks5ua. see b. had seen c. saw d. have seen ks5u9. （09 海南） i tried phoning her

12、 office, but i couldn ' t.a. get along b. get onc. get to d. get through10. （09 湖d匕）would you please the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?a. look around b. look into c. look up d. look through11.(09 江西)it was he came back from africa that yearhe met the girl he would like t

13、o marry.a. when; then b. not; until c. not until; that d. only; when一.词汇短语突破1. add (vt./vi)加,增加，补充说用法：add- to把加到上；add to增添；add up合计；add up to总计；in addition 另夕卜；in addition to 除之外活用：1) his whole school education no more than one year.2) ,the bus service will run on sundays, every two hours.3) without

14、 more coal the fire, it would soon go out.2. point n.点；尖端；分数；v.指向，表明常见短语：to the point切题，on the point of doing将近，就要 的 时候， there is no point/sense in doing sth.做无用；point to 指向;point at指着；point out指出。在定语从句中，先行词是 point,situation,position,case ,scene ,stage阶段)等时， 常用 where 弓I导, 在从句中作状语。活用：1)we were(start)

15、 out when it began to rain.2)in getting angry.3)at the meeting, he the dangers of driving alone.4)after graduation, she reached a point in her career she neededto decide what to do. a.which b. that c. where d. how共 12 页，当前第 3页 1234567891011123. concern v.使担忧，使烦恼；与有牵连n.关心，关注，利害关系。结构：be concerned abou

16、t/for 担忧， 关心；be concerned in/with 与有牵连；as far as sb be concerned就而言拓展：of much concern彳艮重要，彳艮有关系； concerning prep.关于1) don' t get involved in what doesn' tyou.2) 就我而言)，the sooner, the better.3) 担心)her son' s safety, she walked up anddown in the room.4) the “ socialist concept of honor and

17、 disgrace ” will be /艮重要)in education.5) the comments which he made(concern) marketing bothered his boss greatly.二.重点句型突破1. it/this /that is the first/second .time that-clause .这/那是第一次/ 二次.做某事，止匕时that从句用现在完成时，但如果主句中用was, 则that从句用过去完成时。1) -have you ever been there before?-this is the first time i(be)

18、to the summer palace.2) i must be going. it' s time i (pick) up my daughter from school.3)by the time you come back, we(finish) our homework.4)it is time for us(go ) to bed.2. with的复合结构with +宾语+宾补(形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定 式)，在句中常做状语。判断宾补时注意：v-ing表主动、进行；v-ed 分词表被动且完成；to do表将来动作。1) she was thinkin

19、g for a while with her eyes(close).2) he often sleeps with his windows(open).3) she ran and ran with beads of sweat(run)down her face.4) with a lot of homework(do),tom couldn ' t go out to play with them.3.强调句型基本结构it is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分【基础过关】it is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分原句：i met

20、 li ming at the railway station yesterday昨天我在车站碰见了 李明。强调主语：it was i that/who met li ming at the railway station yesterday. 强调宾语：it was li ming that/whom i met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：it was at the railway station that i met li ming yesterday. 强调时间状语：it was yesterday that i met li min

21、g at the railway station.【拓展延伸】注意：(1)在这种强调句式中，一般用that引出句子的其他成分。如果被强 调的部分是表示人的意义的名词时，可以用who代替that引出句子的其他成分；如果被强调的部分是表示事物意义的名词时，用 that 引出句子的其他部分。但是，无论被强调的部分是地点状语还是时间 状语，都不可以用 where或者when.如：it is that man who/that teaches our english.(2)原句的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去进行时、和过去完成时，用 it was-淇他时态用 it is-.共 12页，当前第 4页 12

22、3456789101112 如：it was my telephone number that miss white happened to know.怀特 小姐碰巧知道到的就是我的电话号码(3)对“一not-until- “这一结构进行强调时，一般使用" it is/was not until-that- “这一句型进行强调。如：i didn' t go home until the rain stopped.直至U雨停了我才回家 强调句为：it was not until the rain stopped that i went home.(4)被强调的部分是人称代词，如

23、其在原句中作主语，则应该用该人称代词的主格形式；如果作宾语，则用其宾格形式it was she(her) who told the police.就是她报告警察的it was you who we were talking about.(5)强调句的一般疑问句句型：is/was+it+that/who/whom -?was it ten years ago that his father died?(6)强调句的特殊疑问句型：疑问词 +is/was+it+that/who/whom -?when is it that you will set off?你到底什么时候出发？【点拨】a.强调句型的

24、结构不难掌握，要想准确使用它，须明确一点：去掉 it is/was-that-结构不会对句子的完整性造成影响，这是区分它与其他句子的一个重要标志it was i who advised him not to do it.去掉后：i advised him not to do it.(完整句)b.强调句型容易与主语从句、状语从句、同位语从句和定语从句混淆it is quite clear that we need more practice彳艮显然，我Cl需要多实践此句看上去像是强调句型的句子，而实际上，它是主语从句。it在句中充当形式主语，真正的主语为 that所引导的从句。判断的理由为去掉i

25、t be-that结构后，原句不完整。再如：it was at about 12 o' clock that the fire was put out.大火在大约 12 点被扑灭了。（强调句型）it was about 12 o' clock when the fire was put out.扑灭大火的时候大约在12点（定语从句）即景活用：1）-that makes her different from the other students?-honestly, hard work and,i suppose,a bit of imagination.a. what do y

26、ou know b.what do you think it isc. how do you believe d.how come that2） -where did you get to know her?-lt was on the farm we worked（XX济宁模拟）.a. that b.there c.which d.where3） i just wonder that makes him so excited. （XXL|东模拟）a. why it does b.what he does c.how it is d.what it is三.背诵下列经典句子（来自课本）1.1

27、wonder if it' s because i haven t been able to be outdoors for so long that i' ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.2.i would be grateful if you could give me some advice.3.she and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.4.according to an

28、ne, a true friend is a person whom you can trust and share your happiness and sorrow with.共 12 页，当前第 5 页 123456789101112四.美文背诵（文理分科话题）recently, abolishing science-humanities division has aroused a nationwide debate . many people go firmly for it, which they think is in line with the international tr

29、end and can broaden students' horizons, as a result, their comprehensive power can be improvedhowever, some others hold the opposite view, in their opinion, the current educational resources are too limited to fulfill the aim of offering students wide education in all aspects, so it may be sensi

30、ble for students to concentrate on what they are interested in and gain some knowledge in advance in some specific area sas far as i am concerned, i firmly stand for the abolition of such an educational system, for only those who develop well in all aspects can survive in the complex world . it'

31、 s easier for them to gain the good qualities, such as self-control, conscientiousness, and adaptability, etc. these qualities can ensure you a bright world in your career.一.高频词汇训练1 .the villagers（1 受）a lot after the flood. for example,they had no houses to live in.2 .there is a lot of air in the 松的

32、）snow. it can keep you warm.3 .the hotline helps many 出几岁的青少年）who are growingup.4 .all children like to play 住户夕卜）instead of staying indoorswhen the weather is fine.1.1 said hello to her, but she（F 理睬）me completely.1.2 ur parents are always（关心）about our study and health all the time.1.3 am 感激的）to yo

33、u for your timely help.8 .as is known to us , knowledge is（量）.9 .after the terrible hurricane, the whole house was destroyed 任全地）.10 . it was quite terrible. it took me some time to 便镇 静）down myself.二.运用短语的正确形式填空set down ,face to face , be concerned about, in order to ,on purpose, get along with , g

34、o through, suffer from1 .he always works late and we his health.2 .many people the loss of relations in the wenchuan earthquake in sichuan.3 .the boys find it hard to tom, because he always argueswith them over little things.4.i wouldn' t gladly that unpleasant experience again.1.1 will the stor

35、y as it was told to me.6 .they were fighting preserve their independence.7 .bless your heart ; i know you didn ' t break the vase.dont cry.共12页，当前第6页1234567891011128 .the burglar turned the corner and found himself with apoliceman.三.翻译下列句子1 .把我欠你的钱全部加起来。(add up, owe).2 .他不辞而别让她感到不乐。(be upset tha

36、t).3 .我们大家都担心着她的安全。(be concerned about).4 .这是他第三次来我们学校。(it' s-time that-).5 .我并不十分热衷于中餐。(be crazy about)6 .为了赶上早班汽车，他起得很早。(in order to).四.单项选择1. it' s he had to send his brother to hospital he was late.a. that; go b. for; that c. because; so d. because; that2.when from the hill, the buses lo

37、ok small.a. seen b. seeing c. see d. to see3. he caught a bad cold. he on more clothes that day.a. should have put b should have puttedc. had put d.was put4. i have no money on me.a. happened b. happened to c. happened to be d. happened that5. you' d better your score and see if you have passed

38、the exam.a. add up to b. add to c. add up d. add6. the early pioneers had to many hardships to settle on the newland.a. go along with b. go back on c. go through d. go into7. the speech which he made the project bothered me greatly.a. being concerned b. be concernedc. concerned d. concerning8. tom k

39、ept quiet about the accident lose his job.a. so not as to b. in order not to 共 12 页，当前第 7 页123456789101112 c. in order to not d. not so as to9. -it is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students.-oh, today we are still heavy school work, aiming at preparingus for the entran

40、ce examination.a. suffering from b. suffered fromc. suffer to d. suffering to10. mary went to her teacher for on how to work out the problem.a. an advice b. advice c. advices d. the advices第一节完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。the true story of treasure islandit was alwa

41、ys thought that treasure island was the product of robert louis stevenson' s imagination 36? recent research has found the truestory of this exciting work.stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived 37 for many years .in 1881 he returned to scotland for a 38 .with him were his american wife fanny and his s

42、on 39.each morning stevenson would take them out for a long 40 over the hills .they had been 41 this for several days before the weather suddenly took a turn for the worse. kept indoors by the heavy rain ,lloyd felt the days 42 .to keep the boy happy, robert asked the boy to do some 43. one morning,

43、 the boy came to robert with a beautiful map of an island. robert 44 that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of 45 .“what' s that ?” he asked "that' s the 46 treasure "，said the boy. robert suddenly 47 something of an adventure story in the boy' s 48 .while the rain

44、was pouring ,robert sat down by the fire to write a story. he would make the 49 a twelve-year-old boy just like lloyd .but who would he the pirate （海盗）？robert had a good friend named henley, who walked around with the 50 of a wooden leg, robert had always wanted to 51 such a man in a story. 52 long

45、john silver, the pirate with a wooden leg, was 53共 12 页， 当前 第 8页 123456789101112 so thanks to a 54 september in scotland ,a friend with a wooden leg andthe imagination of a twelve-year-old boy ,we have one of the greatest 55 stories in the english language.36. a. howeverb. thereforec. besidesd. fina

46、lly37. a. aloneb. next doorc. at homed, abroad38. a. meetingb. storyc. holidayd. job39. a. lloydb. robertc. henleyd. john40. a. talkb. restc. walkd. game41. a. attemptingb. missingc. planningd. enjoying42. a. quietb. dullc. busyd. cold43. a. cleaningb. writingc. drawingd. exercising44. a. doubtedb.

47、noticedc. decidedd. recognized45. a. the seat), the housec. scotlandd. the island46. a. forgottenb. buriedc. discoveredd. unexpected47. a. sawb. drewc. maded. learned48. a. bookb. replyc. pictured. mind49. a. starb. heroc. writerd . child50. a. helpb. problemc. used, bottom51. a. praiseb. producec.

48、included, accept52. a. yetb. alsoc. butd. thus53. a. readb. bornc. hiredd. written54. a. rainyb. sunnyc. coold. windy55. a. newsb. lovec. real-lifed. adventure36. a. howeverb. thereforec. besidesd. finally37. a. aloneb. next doorc. at homed, abroad38. a. meetingb. storyc. holidayd. job39. a. lloydb.

49、 robertc. henleyd. john40. a. talkb. restc. walkd. game41. a. attemptingb. missingc. planningd. enjoying42. a. quietb. dullc. busyd. cold43. a. cleaningb. writingc. drawingd. exercising44. a. doubtedb. noticedc. decidedd. recognized45. a. the seab. the housec. scotlandd. the island46. a. forgottenb.

50、 buriedc. discoveredd. unexpected47. a. sawb. drewc. maded. learned48. a. bookb. replyc. pictured. mind49. a. starb. heroc. writerd . child50. a. helpb. problemc. used, bottom51. a. praiseb. producec. included, accept52. a. yetb. alsoc. butd. thus53. a. readb. bornc. hiredd. written54. a. rainyb. su

51、nnyc. coold. windy55. a. newsb. lovec. real-lifed. adventure 共 12 页，当前第 9 页 123456789101112第三节：阅读理解（09全国ii）guatemala city （reuters） a fish that lives in mangrove swamps（红 树沼泽） across the americas can live out of water for months at a time, similar to how animals adapted （适应）to land millions of years

52、 ago, a new study shows.the magrove rivulus, a type of small killifish, lives in small pools of water in a certain type of empty nut or even old beer cans in the mangrove swamps of belize, the united states and brazil. when their living place dries up, they live on the land in logs （圆木），said scott t

53、aylor, a researcher at the brevard endangered lands program in florida.23来源网络整理，仅供供参考the fish, whose scientific name is rivulus marmoratus, can grow as large as three inches. they group together in logs and breathe air through their skin until they can find water again. the new scientific discovery

54、came after a trip to belize.“we kicked over a log and the fish just came crowding out, taylor told reuters in neighboring guatgemala by telephone. he said he will make his study on the fish known to the public in an american magazine early next year.in lab tests, taylor said he found the fish can li

55、ve up to 66 days out of water without eating. some other fish can live out of water for a short period of time. the walking catfish found in southeast asia can stay on land for hours at time, while lungfish found in australia, africa and south america can live out of water, but only in an inactive s

56、tate. but no other known fish can be out of water as long as the mangrove rivulus and remain active, according to patricia wright, a biologist at canada s university of guelph.further studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time.“these animals live in conditions similar to those that e

57、xisted millions of years ago, when animals began making the transition过渡）from water onto land," wright said.1. the mangrove rivulus is a type of fish that.a. likes eating nutsb. prefers living in dry placesc. is the longest living fish on earthd. can stay alive for two months out of water2. who will write up a report on mangrove rivulus?a. patricia wright b. researchers in guatemalac. scientists from belize d. scott taylor3. according to the text, lungfish cana. breathe through its skinb. move freely