我们的方向是一直向南

1、1. course / cause course: 1. 路线;方向C Our course was straight to the south. 我们的方向是一直向南。 2. 过程;进程U during / in the course of It was one of those ideas that change the course of history. 这便是那些能改变历史演进的观点之一。 3. 课程,科目C(+in/on) She took a course in philosophy. 她选读了一门哲学课程。 4. 一道菜C The first course was soup.

2、头道菜是汤。 cause 作动词“引起、 原因”后接双宾语，有时接宾语用介词to 引导的短语表示。 The operation caused the patient much pain.手术使病人很痛苦。 后可接由名词或代词和不定式构成的复合宾语。   The lightning caused the baby to cry. 闪电把孩子给吓哭了。 名词“事业、原因”是可数名词，后接of；作“理由”是不可数名词,后接介词for。   There is no effect without a cause. 没有无原因的结果。&

3、#160;  Helping the poor is a worthy cause. 帮助穷人是高尚之举。There is no cause for anxiety. 不必焦虑。2. advice n. 忠告，劝告，建议ask for/ seek ones advice 征求某人的建议give/offer sb. advice 给某人建议take/follow ones advice 接受某人的建议some advice on/about 有关的建议（忠告）I asked my teacher for advice on my future course.我请我的老师对我的未来去向作

4、些建议。Youve given me some good advice.你给了我一些好忠告。He stopped smoking on the doctors advice.他听医生的劝告而戒烟。advise v.劝告，建议The doctor advised a weeks rest. 医生建议休息一个星期。Could you advise me on the problem? 对于这个问题你能给我些忠告吗？I advise her against driving. =I advised her not to drive. 我劝告她不要开车。We advised starting early

5、. 我们建议早点出发。What do you advise me to do? 你劝我做什么？I advise that he should go at once. 我建议他马上去。注：advise接从句时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。persuade vt. 说服persuade sb. to do sth. / persuade sb. into doing sthWhen shopping, customers are often persuaded into buying some useless things. 3. mean

6、to do / mean doing This will mean a great many jobs for school-leavers in the province.解析mean 在这里作“意味着”讲，相当于to be a sign of。mean sth/doing sthMissing the train means waiting for an hour.错过这趟火车意味着要再等上一个小时。The dark clouds mean rain.乌去是下雨的征兆。mean to do sth “I mean to meet you at the school gate at 5 oc

7、lock.” says Jimmy.4. Cloth/ clothing/ clothes cloth 做衣服用的材料，则不可数； 如果指具体用途的“布” 可数 a table cloth a dish- clothclothing 衣服，服装的总称，集合名词，只用单数 food, clothing and shelter 衣 食 住a piece/article of clothing 一件衣服 childrens clothing 童装clothes 指上衣，外衣，内衣等，无单数形式,只有复数，不受具体数词修饰，可以被many/several/few 等修饰5. leave out 省去，

8、遗漏Its up to you to decide what to leave out and what to leave in.Not a comma was left out.6. manners 礼貌，规矩（good/ bad manners） 行为方式Its bad _ to make a noise while _ soup A manners; eaten B manner; eating C manners; eating D manners; eatI dont like the _he speaks (manner)7. raise 提高，扬起，饲养，养大， 种植， 筹集Sh

9、e raised her hand to ask a questionThe car raised dust as it went byThey raised more pigs than they did last yearHe raised a new point at the meetingWe had great trouble in raising the money.His wages were raised last monthThey made a living by raising cropsraise Vt. raised raised rise Vi. rose rise

10、n1). With prices now _, now _, who know what it will cost next year? A to rise, to fall B rising, falling C to raise, falling D raising, to fall2). The number of students in this school _ by 10% every year. A rise B raise C rises D raises 3). Voices were _ as the argument between the two taxi driver

11、s became more bad-tempered. A increased B repeated C raised D developedRaise 饲养动物，养育子女，培育动物Grow 着重种植后的培育，管理Plant 着重“种植”的行为Keep 饲养Support “养家糊口”Feed 喂食We _ fruit trees round the house.The farmers _ wheat in this field.Rice _ mainly in the south. He has _ into a handsome young man.My grandfather _ mil

12、k cows, pigs and chickens. He worked hard to _ his family The mother is _ the baby with milk. 8. apologize v.道歉解析：apologize= apologiseapology n.道歉用法：apologize (to sb.) for sth/ doing sth. 为某事向某人道歉make an apology （比用动词apologize更正式）He apologized to Jane for not waiting for her.9. wish / hope 1. 作动词“希望

13、，愿望，单愿，祝愿”讲（1）跟不定式e.g. I wish once again to express our warmest welcome to you.（2）跟不定式的复合结构e.g. You know we wish you to be happy.（3）跟带形容词的复合结构e.g. I wish you well and happy.（4）跟双宾语e.g. I wish you success /luck.（5）跟从句，引导词that常省略，从句中用虚拟语气（表示与现在，过去，将来相反的假设），常有三种情况：I wish I were a bird.I wish I had take

14、n your advice.I wish I could go to university.（6）不跟宾语e.g. we can set to work now if you wish.2.作名词“愿望，希望”讲e.g. My wish came true.The needs and wishes of the masses.(群众的希望和愿望）3. wish for希望得到e.g. We wished for 4. wish和hope的异同(1) 都不能接动名词，可接不定式，意义差别不大。(2) 不能说hope sb. to do,只能说wish do.(3) hope后不能直接接名词作宾语，若要接需先接for即hope for sth.e.g. Hope for th