集合名词(collective nouns)（课堂PPT）

1、1collective nouns 集合名词(也叫集体名词）是指一群.,是可数的，但不能叫可数名词，因为集合名词只有复数没有单数，也就是集合名词前不能用a或one，但可用two或大于two的数词。 英语中，可数名词，不可数名词，集合名词，是并列的关系 . three people (正确） a people (错误）2 集体名词通常只以单数形式出现，但这种单数形式有的可作复数用。集体名词在句中作单数用还是作复数用应根据不同情况而定。3英语集合名词用法分类 Type 1 形式为单数，但意义可以用为单数或复数这类集合名词包括： family (家庭） Crew, government, coupl

2、e, majority, public team (队)， class (班)， audience (听众)等4英语集合名词用法分类 其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。 比较并体会： His family is large. 他的家是个大家庭。 His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。 This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。 This class are reading English now. 这个班的学生在读英语。 5 The audience i

3、s requested to remain seated during intermission. The audience have taken seats. A married young couple is treated differently than husband or wife is treated alone. The young couple were unhappy with the apartment they rented. The vast majority of the students needs increased financial support. The

4、 majority realize that they have no more power than the smallest minorities.6 Type 2形式为单数，但意义永远为复数这类集合名词包括 cattle (牛，牲畜) poultry （家禽） vermin (害鼠，害鸟 如:鼠，狐，猫头鹰） people (人)， militia (民兵，国民自卫队） police(警察)等7 其用法特点为：只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可与the连用(连用)。如： People will laugh at you. The polic

5、e are looking for him. Many cattle were killed for this. The militia were called out to guard the borderland. Poultry are dear in the city. These vermin do a lot of harm to poultry. 注：表示牲畜的头数，用单位词 head(单复数同形)。如：five head of cattle 5头牛，fifty (head of ) cattle 50头牛8 Type 3形式为复数，意义也为复数这类集合名词包括goods (货物

6、), clothes (衣服)等， 其用法特点是：只有复数形式, 当然也表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语也用复数，但通常不与数词连用。 Eg.：Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season. 衣服在雨季不易干。 Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。 If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer. 如果货物质量不好，则理应向制造商提出控诉。9 Type 4形式为单数，意义也为单数这类集合名词包括 baggage / luggage(行李

7、), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery (风景), Jewelry (珠宝), equipment(设备)等, 10 其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式。如： Our clothing protects us from (against) the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托运了吗? The thief stole all her jewelry. 小偷把她所

8、有的首饰都偷走了。11 The hospital has no decent equipment. 这家医院没有像样的设备。 The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry. 人们认为唐朝是中国诗歌的全盛时期。 注：machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。 如：a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗many machines / much machinery / many p

9、ieces of machinery 许多机器12some special collective nouns 1. hair (头发，毛发)指全部头发或毛发时，为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时，为个体名词(可数)。 如：My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。 The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。 13 2. mankind (人类)人类是一个不可数的集合名词，不用复数形式，也不连用冠词。如： This is an invention that benefits mankind. Mank

10、ind has its own problems. 注：mankind 表示“mankind 人(类)”时，虽不可数，但有时却可以表示复数意义，尤其是当其表语是复数时。如： Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物。 14 3. fruit(水果)作为集合名词，它通常是不可数的。如：He doesnt eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。He is growing fruit in the country. 但是，当要表示种类时，它可视为可数名词，即a fruit 指一种水果，fruits 指多种水果。比较： Some fruits have

11、thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。 The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜，而不是一种水果。 15某些带有集体意义的专有名词 某些球队，俱乐部，航空公司，企业等带有集体意义的专有名称，通常作复数用，在现代英语中较常见。 England (英格兰队） have lost all their football matches this season. Scotland (苏格兰队） are playing France in a football match next week. The British Airways (英国航空公司

12、）are being modernized.16 The B.B.C（英国广播公司） have broadcast a message in which they have asked a certain Mr Green to go to the Overhill Hospital when doctors are treating his wife after a severe stroke. The two companies are United Biscuits and Imperial. United Biscuits are frontrunners in the food ma

13、rket and expanding fast. Imperial are leaders in the food and tobacco market.17某些以-s结尾的名词的数 英语中有些以-s结尾的名词，有的作单数，有的作复数，情况比较复杂。 1. 以-ics 结尾的名词 表“学科”时作单数 Linguistics informatics mathematics Physics plastics politics statistics Linguistics has developed rapidly in modern times. Politics is the art or sc

14、ience of government.18 表“学科”以外的其他解释时，通常作复数，有时也用作单数。 My mathematics（运算能力） are/ is rather shaky. What are his politics( =political views)?19 2. 以 s 结尾的疾病名称，一般用单数 Phlebitis(静脉炎） is inflammation of the veins. Shingles（带状疱疹） is serious; how long has he got it? Diabetes is a common disease. Indeed, they s

15、ay, AIDS is spread primarily by carriers who are ill. Arthritis is a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body.20 3. 有两部分构成的物体名称，通常用复数 Eg. calipers （两脚规）, compasses, flares（喇叭裤）, forceps, glasses, jeans, pants, pincers, pliers（钳子）, scales, scissors, shades（太阳镜）, shorts, suspenders,

16、 etc.21 4. 以-ings结尾的名词，常用复数，但也有例外 belongs, bookings, surroundings, sweepings（垃圾）, takings (收入），clipping （剪下物）,findings The findings of the court have now been made public.22 5. 以-s结尾的专有名词，常作单数用 The United States is in the Western Hemisphere. When was the United Nations established? The New York Time

17、s is published daily. General Motors （通用汽车公司）produces many different types of cars.23 但有些表示群岛，山脉，瀑布等的专有名词常作复数用 The West Indies(西印度群岛）, apart from the Bahamas, are commonly divided into two groups. The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal. Nigara Falls are not as high as Victoria

18、Falls. The Olympic Games begin in two weeks time.24过关演练 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1The staff _（have）gone for their lunch 2The crews of several ships _（be）in port 3The present government，which hasnt been in power long，_（be）trying to control inflationIt isnt having much success 4The government，who _（be） looking for a quick victory，are calling for a general election soon 5The jury _（be）divided in opinion 1.have 2.were