如何有效的解决孔加工中遇到的问题

1、如何有效的解决孔加工中遇到的问题如何有效的解决孔加工中遇到的问题引言：Introduction.孔加工是机械加工过程中最常遇到的， 根据孔要求的不同其加工方法也不尽相同，如车孔，铣孔，镗孔，钻孔，铰孔等等。不同的加工方法时常也会产生不同的问题， 如出现粗糙度差，锥度孔，椭圆孔等 1。如果遇到大批量，高精度要求的孔时，问题就更多了。Hole machining is the most commonly encountered in mechanical process, according to the requirements of the different processing metho

2、d of hole are not the same, such as holes, the hole milling, boring, drilling, reaming, etc. Different processing methods often have different problems, such as poor roughness, taper hole, elliptical hole and 1. If a high-volume, high-precision requirements of the hole, more problems.1 加工问题的提出Put fo

3、rward 1 processing problems某产品中零件如下图所示，薄壁波导管，在装夹时容易产生变形，而且孔的精度要求？6.5H7深7。在一般的机械加工中，首先想到是钻铰孔，让钳工用?6.4的钻头打好底孔，再用?6.5H7的专用铰刀铰孔完成。这样加工出来的零件基本可以满足要求，可是对于上万件零件的生产，拟制这样的工艺路线就有些不太恰当。其次是铣孔，粗铣孔后再精修孔也是一种选择， 根据以往的加工经验做如此高精度的孔， 测量时通端塞规常下不去，即使通端下去，止端也下去了一半，这样加工出来的零件显然是不合格产品。如何才能保证其孔精度要求及效率?P arts of a certa in p

4、roduct as show n below, thi n-walled waveguide, easy to pr oduce in the cla mping deformatio n, and the p recisi on of hole depth of 7?6.5H7. In the mecha ni cal p rocess ing in gen eral, the first thought is to drill holes, let the fitter? 6.4 bit hit bottom, and the n? Sp ecial reamer ream ing 6.5

5、H7 completed. Thus the processed parts can basically meet the requireme nts, but for tens of thousa nds of p ieces of spare p arts p roducti on, prep arati on p rocess such as some inapprop riate. The sec ond is the hole milling, and then finishing hole rough milling hole is also a kind of choice, d

6、o so high p recisi on hole p rocess ing accord ing to p ast exp erie nee, whe n measured through end plug ofte n don't go, eve n through end on end, half down, thus the processed partsis obviously not qualified products.How to guara ntee the hole accuracy and efficie ncy?2加工工艺的确定Determ in ati on

7、 of 2 p rocess ing tech no logy1.满足设计要求。？6.5H7深7,直孔精度为0 0.013MM。镗孔不仅可以满足精度要求，而且可以避免铣孔中产生的锥度孔， 椭圆孔等问题。1 to meet the desig n requireme nts. ? 7 6.5H7 dee p, straight hole p recisi on is 0 - 0.013MM. Bori ng can n ot on ly meet the accuracy requireme nts, but also can avoid the taper hole milli ng hole

8、, elli ptical hole p roblem.2. 满足生产效率要求。对于如此大批量零件的生产，让人工操作每主轴定一个孔的加工，显然有些费时，费力。采用数铣镗孔加工向镗孔，每次装夹不少于20件，这样就大大提高了其生产效率。The 2 meet the production efficiency requirements. For such parts of large batch p roducti on, p rocess ing to make artificial op eratio n every hole, apparently some time-consuming, l

9、aborious. Using a number of spindle bori ng - directi onal bori ng, each holdi ng not less tha n 20 pi eces, which greatly impro ves the p roducti on efficie ncy.3. 装夹问题的解决。数控加工之前对波导已经进行了校正，此道工序必须解决波导变形的问题，而且一次装夹数件才可满足生产进度的需要。To solve the 3 cla mping p roblems. CNC machi ning of waveguide has bee n

10、corrected, this p rocess must solve waveguide deformati on p roblem, and one cla mping p ieces can meet the p roducti on schedule.4. 解决方案提出。采用工装分批次对外形差异较大零件加工，先加工一小部分，验证工艺是否合理的同时及时发现并处理加工时出现的问题，做到批量生产时万无一失。Put forward 4 soluti ons. The tooli ng batches foreig n sha pe differe nces p arts machi ning,

11、 machi ning first a small part, authe nticatio n tech no logy is reas on able and p rocess ing time and p rocess ing pr oblems, achieve pr oducti on, no dan ger of any thi ng going wrong.3加工原理: 3 the pr ocess ing principle:装夹方法：将件件4螺钉压紧,1 （零件）放入件2 （工装）槽中，用件3 （压板）变形。一排装夹10件，前后两排。再用精密虎钳夹紧固定在数控机工装深比波导浅

12、 0.1MM。防止压力过大，造成零件床工作台上。Cla mping methods: 1 ( p arts) into 2 ( Tooli ng ) slot, with 3 ( p late) 4 screw p ress, tooli ng dee per tha n the sup erficial 0.1MM waveguide. To pr eve nt the p ressure is too large, result ing in deformati on of p arts. A row of cla mping 10, before and after the two ro

13、w. And the n the p recisi on vice cla mp is fixed on the worki ng table of NC mach ine tool.加工方法：先用4立铣进行粗加工底孔 6.4,留0.05MM左右加工余量，用专用镗孔刀（用废料提前调整好镗孔尺寸）在 X,Y平面内沿X方向快速移动到孔中心正上方，再沿 Z轴负方向快速移到刀安全高度位置R点，主轴正传，以G1方式进给到R1点（孔位底部）主轴自动定向停止转动，并以反刀尖方向自动偏移一个 Q值（0.2MM ）之后快速退回到R2点。完成一次加工过程。Processing method : first use

14、 the 4 milling rough machining hole diameter 6.4, leavi ng about 0.05MM machi ning allowa nee, sp ecial bori ng cutter ( adva nee adjust bori ng dime nsions for waste ) in X, Y plane along the X directi on moving quickly to just above the cen ter of the hole, and then along the n egative directi on

15、of Z axis rapid move to Dao An full height p ositi on R, spin dle Gump, by way of G1 feed to R1 ( hole bottom) spin dle automatic orie ntati on to stop rotat ing, and the directi on of theknifepoint automatic offset a Q value ( 0.2MM ) after rapid retur n to R2.Comp lete a p rocess.编程方法：（一次加工G代码如下，西

16、门子系统）Program ming: ( a p rocess ing G code, Sieme ns system )N100 T01（刀号为01）（换刀）N100 T01 ( knife No. 01)N102 M6N102 M6 (ATC )N104 G90 G54 G00 X0. Y0. Z3.（设立坐标系刀具快速进给N104 G90 G54 G00 X0. Y0. Z3. ( set up coordi nate tool quickly feed intothe X, Y, Z.0 )N106 S600 F3000（主轴正传3000）N106 S600 F3000 ( main

17、story 3000 )N108 R02=3. R03=-7. R10=3.（安全高度设为Z3,工深度为Z-7,退刀后回到Z3底部退刀0.2MM在G87中执行）N108 R02=3. R03=-7. R10=3. ( safety height was Z3, worki ng dep th ofZ-7, return back to the bottom of Z3 tool 0.2MM in the imp leme ntatio n（执行镗孔命令）of G87 )N110 G87N110 G87 ( Executive bori ng comma nd )N112 X0. Y0. F30

18、0（刀具回到零点）（结束镗孔命令）（程序结束）N112 XO. YO. F300 ( tool to retur n to zero )N114 G80N114 G80 ( end of bori ng comma nd )N116 M30N116 M30 ( end )方法特点:Method of characteristics:1）有效的解决了孔加工中遇到的问题。如粗糙度差，锥度孔，椭圆孔。在孔加工中经常遇到各种原因：钻头不锋利，立铣刀切削中让刀,中轴长期使用精度下降等等。主轴定向镗孔有专用的镗孔刀属于顺铣挤压式加工，精度有保证。由于是点切削不存在让刀。主轴不做X,Y面内的圆周运动，所以不

19、会偏心。有效解决了以上加工中出现的各类问题。1 ) can effectively solve the p roblems encoun tered in hole mach ining.Such as the poor rough ness, taper hole, elli ptical hole. Often encoun ter a variety of reas ons in the hole: drill is not shar p, vertical milli ng cutter in cutt ing tool axis, l on g-term use of decreas

20、e in accuracy etc. Directi onal boring a boring cutter dedicated to milling extrusion processing, guara ntees the p recisi on of. Because it is the point of cutt ing has not let the knife. The spindle is not do X, circular motion in Y plane, so no eccentric. To effectively solve the various problems

21、 appeared in the pr ocess ing of more tha n.2）高效率，高合格率。传统加工基本靠人手工加工，虽解决了锥度孔，椭圆孔问题，可是效率低，合格率也上不去。数铣加工又无法解决锥度孔的问题，主轴定向镗孔既能满足大批量生产要求， 又能达到其合格率的要求2。High efficie ncy, high qualified rate 2 ). The traditi onal p rocess ing on the basic manual processing, although solved the taper hole, elliptical hole pr

22、oblem, but the efficie ncy is low, the qualified rate is also not to. The nu mber of milli ng and un able to solve the p roblem of the spin dle taper hole, directi onal bori ng can meet the requireme nt of mass p roducti on, and can achieve the qualified rate requireme nts 2.3）安全且节省成本。对于孔加工我们时常会因为繁琐，重复劳动出现各种生产问题。单一的重复劳动容易出现操作失误， 造成刀具的损坏以及零件批量报废等等。主轴定向镗孔由数控机床以及数控程序的保证，做到了安全生产。3 ) the security and cost sav in gs. For hole p rocess ing we ofte n because of the tedious, rep etitive labor p roducti on p