初中英语——可数名词和不可数名词解析及练习

1、资料收集于网络如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢可数名词和不可数名词一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory 等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。 不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如 meat, rice, water, milk, orange等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如wo

2、rk, homework, time, health, friendship等）。二、关于可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加 -s 。如： book books room roomshouse houses day days2.以 s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加 -es 。如：bus buses glass glasseswatch watches dish dishes box boxes3.以 "辅音字母 +y"

3、 结尾的名词，要先将y 改为 i 再加 -es。如：city cities body bodiesfactory factories等等。4.以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，要将 f或 fe 改为 v 再加 -es。如：half halves leaf leavesknife knives wife wives5. 特例 悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。 child children man men woman womenpoliceman policemen（规律： man men） tomato tomatoespotato potatoes初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，

4、其余的当然加-s 喽！如： photo photos foot feet tooththtee悄悄话：oo 变成 ee。 sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。 people 单数形式表示复数意义， 要求谓语动词用复数； people 的复数形式 peoples 通常指 “多个民族 ”。三、关于不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如： The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如： water （水） water

5、s （水域）orange （橘汁） oranges （橘子）3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如： fruit fruits food foodsfish fishes hair hairs四、名词可数不可数“六注意 ”1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如：desk-desks,apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。 如：some bread，a little milk等。2、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a（ an），表示特指时，前面要用定冠词

6、数名词前不能用a（ an）修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。如：He is a factory worker.他是一名工人。the;而不可No one can see air.没有人能看见空气。3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of等来修饰，表示"一些，许多" 。如：There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the bottle.瓶里有许多水。4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples

7、, four books 等。不可数名词前通常用 " 单位词 +of" 来表示数量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper 等。精品文档资料收集于网络如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢5、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如：This picture is very beautiful.这幅画很美。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词 "时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如： There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯

8、茶。6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many;对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much 。 如：How many apples are there in the box? 盒子里有多少个苹果？How much tea is there in the cup? 杯里有多少茶水？注意：对不可数名词前的"单位词 " 的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many 。 如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate? 盘子里有多少片面包？英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词。这两种名词在用法上是有区别

9、的，现归纳如下：一、可数名词有单数、复数之分，如：map maps； onion onions； baker bakers不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some water； a lot of bread二、单数可数名词表示泛指时， 前面要用不定冠词 a （ an）；而不可数名词不能用 a（ an）。如： Li Hong is a driver. I am a teacher.李红是一名司机，我是一名教师。We can't see milk on the table. 我们看不见桌上有牛奶。 友情提醒 在表示特指时，不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the。如：Pass m

10、e the ball， please.请把球传给我。The chicken on the plate is yours. 盘子里的鸡肉是你的。三、可数名词表示复数意义时可用many 等词修饰。如：many apples， a lot of tomatoes ， a few pens不可数名词则要用much、 a little 等词修饰。如：much meat，a little bread ， little waterTips 这两类名词都可以被some、 any、 a lot of （ lost of） 等修饰。如：some eggs/paper（纸）。A lot of（ lots of ）

11、knives/orange juice四、可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。如：three women， ten babies不可数名词表示数量的多少时， 必须与表示数量的名词连用， 即 “数词 +表示数量的名词 （可数名词） +of+ 不可数名词 ”。如：two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶five pieces of bread 五片面包五、可数名词做主语时，谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、复数须保持一致。不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。如： There is some rice in the bowl. 碗里有些米饭。All the students are in

12、 the classroom. 所有的学生都在教室里。Tips 如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时，谓语动词须用复数形式。如：There are two bags of rice inthe room. 房间里有两袋子大米。六、对可数名词的数量提问用how many ；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much ，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many 。如：I can see two pictures on the wall. How many pictures can you see？on the wallThere is a lot of pork in th

13、e basket. How much pork is there？in the basketI want three glasses of water. How many glasses of water do？you want七、另外，有些集合名词也是可数名词，但不同的是，它们以单数形式出现，表示复数概念，如people，police ， family 等；而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现，如 clothes，glasses（眼镜）等；有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如 Japanese， sheep，Chinese 等。如：The Chinese people are hardworkin

14、g and brave. 中国人民勤劳勇敢。The sports clothes are new.这些运动服是新的。I have one sheep. He has two sheep.我有一只羊，他有三只羊。精品文档资料收集于网络如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢可数与不可数名词的练习I.找出下列笑话中的可数名词，并写出其复数形式：In the market, a buyer asked a seller“ How much is this cat, please?”“ 100 dollars.”“ B20 dollars yesterday!”“ Yes, that s true. But thi

15、s cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!II. 找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式：homework _half _advice_money _knowledge _boot _blood _music _chicken _heat _mouth _bread _information _milk _cow _tear _III. 选择填空：1 The deer has four _A. footB. feetC. feetsD. foots2 Her two brothers are bo

16、th _.A. policemanB. policemansC. policemenD. policemens3 There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, GermenB. Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese, Germans4 Two _ would come to the village.A. woman-doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctors5 Can you see nine _ in the picture?A. sheepB.

17、dogC. pigD. horse6 The _ has two _.A. boys, watchesB. boy, watchC. boy, watchesD. boys, watch7 The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths8 The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. womanB. womenC. manD. men9 There are lots of _ in t

18、he basket on the table.A. tomatosB. tomatoC. tomatoesD. tomatoss10. The cat caught two _ last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouseD. mices三 .用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the

19、 bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Let's take_(photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white_(hair).12. They are_(woman) doct

20、ors.13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please?14. There are many_(fox) in the picture15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty.精品文档资料收集于网络如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢There be 句型一、专题讲解1、定义：There be 结构 “某地有某人 (某物 ) ”。其基本句型为“ There be + 某物或某人 ( 主语 ) + 某地 ”。2、 be 动词的选择：There be 结构中的谓语动词语保持一致。

21、主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用be（ is / are）在人称和数上应与其后的主is ；主语是复数时用are。3、具体结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点状语 .E.g. There is a desk in the classroom. 在教室里有一张桌子。(2) There are + 复数名词 + 地点状语 .E.g. There are 5 apples in the box. 盒子里有五个苹果。口诀 ： “有” 字放前面，有 “啥”放中间；时间地点放后面；单数 is, 复数 are；注意 be 的两变化。4、句型变化：(1)、否定句： ther

22、e be 的否定式通常在be 后加 not。E.g. There is a bike under the tree. 树下有一辆自行车There isn't a bike under the tree.E.g. There are 2 little girls in the room. 在房间里有两个小女孩。There aren't 2 little girls in the room.(2)、一般疑问句及其答语：1、一般疑问句：把be 动词提前 ,首字母大写 ,句末用问号即可。2、回答时， “用什么问，就用什么答”，用 Is / Are there 来提问，就用there i

23、s / are 来回答。肯定回答： Yes, there is / are.否定回答： No, there isn't / aren't.E.g. 1、 There are two cats in the tree.树上有两只猫。Are there two cats in the tree?Yes, there are.No, there aren't.2、 There is a computer on the desk . 在桌子上有一台电脑。Is there a computer on the desk？ Yes, there is.No, there isn

24、9;t.课堂练习 ： 1. There is a new bed and an old desk in the room .否定句：一般疑问句：否定回答：5、 some 和 any 在“ there be句型”中的用法：some 一些（ some 用于肯定句）any 一些（ any 用于否定句和一般疑问句）注意： There be 句型在变成否定句或一般疑问句时，要注意把句中的some 变成 any。E.g.1、 There is some water in the bottle . 在瓶子里有一些水。There isn't any water in the bottle. （否定句）

25、Is there any water in the bottle ？（一般疑问句）2、There are some children in the picture.图片里有一些小孩。There aren't any children in the picture. （否定句）Are there any children in the picture ？（一般疑问句）课堂练习 ： 1. - Are there _ shops near here?- No, there are _ shops near here.A. some, notB. some, anyC. any, notD.

26、any, no2There are some tables on the floor. （变为否定句）6、就近原则：若句子中有几个并列的主语时be 的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。E.g. 1.There is a pen, two pencils and some books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔、两支铅笔和一些书。2.There are two pencils, a pen and some books on the desk. 书桌上有两支铅笔、一支钢笔和一些书。3.There some books， two pencils and a pen on

27、 the desk. 书桌上有一些书、两支铅笔和一支钢笔。课堂练习 ： Theremilk and eggs on the table . 在桌子上有牛奶和鸡蛋。Thereeggs and milk on the table.精品文档资料收集于网络如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢7、 “ there be 和”“ have的”区别There be 表示 “存在有 ” ； have（ has）表示 “所属有 ”。他们都翻译为“有 ”，但具体用法不相同，且两种结构不能同时合用。E.g.1、 I have a book .我有一本书。 （注：书归我所有，我是书的主人。 所属有）2、 There is a

28、book on the desk .在桌子上有一本书。 （书只是存在于桌子上，但书不属于桌子所有。）8、常见的的介词和介词短语：介词： at 在 .under 在.下面in 在 .里面behind 在 .后面on 在 .上面near 在.附近介词短语举例：at home 在家in the box 在盒子under the tree 在树下behind the dooron the floor在门后面在地板上in front ofnear the zoo在前面在动物园附近（ 2）变式练习一、用恰当的 be 动词填空。1.There _a map on the wall.2.There _many

29、 things on her desk.3.There _a big dog and a small cat near the table.4.There _two bikes under the tree.5.There _a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil-box.6.There _some books, a pencil-box and a pen on her desk.7.Theresome milk in the glass.8.Theresome people under the big tree.9.Therelots

30、of flowers in our garden.二、单选题1._ there a radio on your desk?A. AreB. IsC. Am2._ there a map on the wall? Yes, there _.A. Are / isB. Is / areC. Is / isD. Are /are3.There _ two apples, one orange and one banana on the table.A. has B. are C.amD.is4.There _ a pencil, a book and two pens on the table.A.

31、isB. areC.amD.have5.Are there _ pictures on the wall? No, there aren't _.A. any / anyB. some / anyC. some / someD. any/some6.There_ some water in the cup .A. isB.amC. areD. be二、巩固练习1.把下列句子改为否定句和一般疑问句。1 I have a ping-pong ball.否疑2 There is a book and a pen in the bag.否疑3 His aunt has a new TV.否疑4

32、 There are some boys in our class.否五、拓展训练疑精品文档资料收集于网络如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢一、单选题1.There_ some water in the cup .A. isB. amC. areD. be2._there a book on the desk now ? A. IsB. AreC. WereD. Was3.How many people _in your family ?A. do you haveB. are thereC. you hadD. there are4.There _any trees in front of the

33、 classroom.A. isn'tB. aren'tC. hasn'tD. haven't5.There _sheep in the field .A. isB. are muchC. are manyD. are a6.There are _in the field .They are eating grass.A. a horseB. much horsesC. many horseD. many horses7.There _a new bed and an old desk in the room .A. isB. areC. haveD.has8.

34、_any trees in the picture ?A. Is thereB. Are thereC. Was thereD. Were there9.There _ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.A. is aB. are someC. has aD. have some10. How many _ are there in your classroom?A. desksB. deskC. chairD. door二、用 “have, has ，” “there is， there are ”或者 “is there， are there 填”空。1. I _ a good fathe