初中宾语从句详细讲解教师版

1、学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考宾语从句一、定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。在复合句中宾语从句作主句中谓语动词、介词的宾语。在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：I know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：I know that the man is a policeman.主句引导词从句宾语从句三大块 :1. 引导宾语从句的连接词（从属连接词和连接代词） ； 2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态。二、宾语从句的引导词（连接词）从属连接词thatWhether/if连接词连 接 代What词Whichwhowhomwhose连 接 副Where词W

2、henWhyHow作用只起连接作用起连接作用连接 +从句中做成分连接 +从句中做成分连接 +从句中做成分连接 +从句中做成分连接 +从句中做成分连接 +从句中做成分连接 +从句中做成分连接 +从句中做成分连接 +从句中做成分有无意义在从句中所做成分无无有（表示是否）无什么（指物）主，宾，表哪一个（指物）主，宾，表谁（指人主格）主，表谁（指人宾格）宾谁的（指人所有格）定地点状语时间状语原因状语方式状语1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that 引导， that 无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy老.师说我是个好男孩。She does

3、n t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if 或 whether 引导，意为 “是否 ”。如：(1) Is Jim a good student?I don t know学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考I don t know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early

4、?注意：只能用whether 不用 if 的三种情况?一般情况下， if 和 whether 可以互换，但以下3 种情况只能用 whether：? 与 or not 连用：He asked me whether or not I was coming.Let me know whether you can come or not.? 在介词之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings? 在不定式之前：We haven t decided whether to go t

5、here.I don t know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：1.What is she doing?Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2.Where does she live? Do you know?Do you know where she lives? .宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句That不变I think that we can be good friends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语I

6、 can t remember if I posted the letter.序特殊疑问句改为陈述语特殊疑问词序Can you tell me what she is doing?注意事项 :(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who 作主语时，语序不变：Whats wrong?What s the matter?Whats happening?eg:I don t know whats the matter.学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考Can you tell me who is over there? .宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从

7、句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是 _任何 _时态。I don t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where we ll go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的 _过去 _时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时） 。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S

8、. soon.特殊情况 ：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。The teacher told me she was born in 1960. 即学即练 子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1) These flowers are f

9、rom Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn t know.Jack didn t know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4) Can

10、 they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma ChaoMr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7) How many people can you see in the picture? Wh

11、o knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ often _ about.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don t know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11) Does

12、 he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street.12) Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _ _.13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _they _friedchicken.

13、15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know.I dont know _the watch _ made in Shanghai.单项选择1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案： Dhope 后面应该接 that 引导的宾语从句， that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。2) I don t know _ Mr.Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.

14、where答案： A从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因 ”。3)I can t remember _ I have seen him before.学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案： A本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether 或 if 。4) Do you know _？ I m going to see him. Sorry，I don t know.A.where does Mr.Li liveB.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li livesD.where Mr.Li lived

15、答案： C 宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除 A 、B 两项。从句意判断问的是 “现在住哪儿？ ”。 5) Where do you think _ he _ the computer？ Sorry，I have no idea.A. ； boughtB.has；boughtC.did； buyD.does； buy答案： Ado you think 是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。6)I can t understand _ he likes computer games so much.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案： C句意为 “我不理

16、解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。7)(2010 北京中考大纲卷 ) Do you know _ the MP3 player last week? Sorry，I have no idea.A.how much did she pay forB.how much will she pay forC.how much she paid forD.how much she will pay for答案： C宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A 、 B 两项，由 last week 判断应该用过去时态。8)(2010 北京中考大纲卷 )I don t know _ tomorrow.Can youl me

17、?telA.when we startedB.when did we startC.when we will startD.when will we start答案： C由 tomorrow 判断，应该用将来时态表示。经典例题例 1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved MyCheesewasan interesting book.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if思路解析： 注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字谁动了我的奶酪，本句含义是 “一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是 D 项。答案： D学

18、习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考黑色陷阱： 本题的主要陷阱是书名Who Moved My Cheese，它本身含有一个 who,容易给人造成误解。绿色通道： 在英语中，注意书名一般都是斜体的，且书名的首字母是大写的，注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。例 2 I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that howB.how thatC.when thatD.that when思路解析：注意后面从句的含义是 “比尔 盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”，应该用 when 表示 “当 时 ”，本句中的

19、that 是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D 项。答案： D黑色陷阱： 本句结构复杂，主要陷阱设置在when 上，它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。绿色通道： 做此类题，要慢慢理顺思路，不要钻牛角尖，当一种含义说不通时，从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。例 3 (2010 江苏苏州中考 ) I wonder _. Zebras.A.what do they call these animalsB.how they call these animalsC.what they call these animalsD.how do they call these animals思路解析： 本句含义是 “我想知道他们叫这些动物什么