定语从句讲解（关系副词 及其它）-

1、关系副词引导的定语从句常用的关系副词只有三个:when, where, why,在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。它们的用法大家不妨记住一个口诀:the time whenthe place wherethe reason why(一关系副词when的用法关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间,when在定语从句作时间状语。例如:In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(when先行词是monthsDo you remember the day when we f

2、irst went to the Summer Palace?你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗?(when先行词是day,当代英语里when可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示时间的关系副词I havent seen her since the year when I left Tokyo.自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。(when先行词是year,同样when可以用that 代替真题:Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it

3、 was so poorly equipped.A. what; whenB. that; whichC. what; whichD. which; that简析:考查关系代词when引导的定语从句。第一个空填连接代词what,第二个空前的先行词是20 years ago,故这个空应填表示时间的关系副词when。故A是正确答案。(二关系副词where的用法关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点,where在定语从句作地点状语。例如: During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.春节期间,

4、我回到了生我养我的家乡。(where的先行词是townThis is the place where Li Bai once lived.这是李白曾经生活过的地方。(where先行词是place上面这个句子不可以将where改为that,因为that不能作为表示地点的关系副词。试比较下句:This is the place that Li Bai once visited.这是李白曾经游览过的地方。(that的先行词同样是place,但这个that是关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略,还可以用which替换真题:If a shop has chairs _ women can park t

5、heir men, women will spend more time in the shop.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where简析:考查关系副词where引导的定语从句。定语从句的意思是说男人可以停留在椅子上休息,显然是表示地点,故D是正确答案。(三关系副词why的用法关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因,why在定语从句作原因状语。例如:The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。(why先行词是re

6、ason,当代英语里why可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词,还可以将why 省略This is the reason why he came late to school.这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。(why先行词是reason,why可以用that替代,还可以省略注意:如果上面的句子将the reason省略,那么这个句子就变成了(This is why he came late to school. 表语从句,句子意思丝毫未变。特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句as是个比较特殊的关系代词,一是用在某些句型搭配里,二是独立于主句之外。下面分别讲解。(一在固定搭

7、配asas, soas, suchas, the sameas中,as引导定语从句You may take as many books as you want.你想要拿多少书就拿多少。(第一个as是副词,修饰many的;第二个as才是关系代词,代替先行词books,在定语从句中作宾语I have got such a computer as yours.我有一台你这样的电脑。(as是关系代词,代替先行词computer,在定语从句中作表语,因为yours后省略了is I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin.我从未见过像桂林那样美丽的地方

8、。(as是关系代词,代替先行词place,在定语从句中作表语,因为Guilin后省略了is (二独立于主句之外,as引导定语从句As we know,the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知,地球围绕太阳旋转。As is known to us,(As we know和As is known to us均为定语从句,as分别作宾语和主语,替代后面的主句。 Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China.你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(关系代词as指代整个主句,在定语从句中作宾语。真题1:T

9、he Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B. that C. how D. as简析:考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。as代替先行词the Beatles同时又在从句中作remember的宾语,as的功能同which,但as有“正如”的意思,故D是正确答案。真题2:_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A. WhichB. WhenC. WhatD. As简析:考查关系代词as引导的定语从

10、句。which与as引导定语从句均可代表整个一句话或整个主句,但which不能放在句首,另外as有“正如”的意思,而which却没有,故D正确。限制性定语从句和非制性定语从句限制性定语从句中,从句与其所修饰的先行词之间关系很密切,若缺少,句意则不完整,故从句前不用逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句中,从句与其所修饰的先行词之间关系不太密切,若缺少,句意则仍完整,故从句前一般都用逗号隔开。试比较以下两组句子:The water which has been polluted by the factory is not fit to drink.被工厂污染的水不宜饮用。(如果缺少定语从句,句子的主要意思会

11、受到影响Water, which is a clear liquid, is widely used in our everyday life.水是一种清澈的液体,在我们的日常生活中应用非常广泛。(如果缺少定语从句,句子的主要意思不会受到影响His brother who is nineteen years old is serving in the army now.他的一个十九岁的哥哥现在部队服役。(表明他不只一个哥哥His brother, who is nineteen years old, is serving in the army now.他的哥哥,今年十九岁,现在部队服役。(表

12、明他只有一个哥哥真题1:The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ means spending tens of thousands of pounds.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which简析:考查非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句一般不用that,which可以替代前面整个一句话,因此选D。真题2:I have many friends, _ some are businessmen.A. of themB

13、. from whichC. who ofD. of whom简析:考查非限制性定语从句。这句话若用并列句表达就可写成:I have many friends, and some of them are businessmen.因此D是正确答案。定语从句的位置如前所述,定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。有时候,定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语,这样它们被分隔了,这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。例如:There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.楼上有一个女孩,大喊大叫。很明显,

14、她疯了。(定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl,被upstairs所隔开A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了。(定语从句置于句末以示强调真题:The factory produced half a million of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad.A. of whichB. which ofC. of themD. of that简析:考查隔离定语从句或非限定性定语从句。形式上看80%把关

15、系代词与先行词分离了,另外,of前后表示部分与整体的关系,其中80%的鞋子售往国外市场。故A是正确答案。定语从句与同位语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句从形式上看好像没什么区别,实际上从含义和功能上看,还是比较易区分的。同位语从句的先行词一般为fact, idea, news, thought, reply, report, problem等抽象名词,而且关联词大都为that,在idea, problem等词后根据句意可能用到who, when, why, how 等其他关联词。关联词that在同位语从句中仅仅起连接作用,不作任何成分,但又不可省略。定语从句的关联词(关系代词和关系副词在从句中是

16、要充当句子成分的且有实际含义。试比较以下两句:The suggestion that we should practise speaking English every day came from our monitor.我们每天都应练习说英语的建议是我们的班长提出来的。(同位语从句The suggestion that our monitor put forward at the meeting is very valuable.我们的班长在会上提出的建议很有价值。(定语从句真题1:A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the po

17、cket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A. ifB. whenC. thatD. which简析:考查关联词that引导的同位语从句。先行词为thought,that引导的同位语从句表达thought的内容,由于从句太长,故移至句末以保持句子平衡。C正确,注意不能误选which。真题2:We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that简析:考查whether引导

18、的同位语从句。这个句子中的of可以省略,形式上看,of后面的从句为介词的宾语从句,但实际上of连接的question与whether引导的从句是同位关系。因此C正确,注意不能误选if,在表示“是否”含义时,用在介词后或在同位语从句中不可用if。定语从句与强调句型的区别强调句型一般总是使用It isthat这个句式,将被强调的成分(主语、宾语或状语放在句式里。这个关联词that没有任何实际意义,仅仅起连接作用,但一般情况下不省略。当代英语有一种趋势:如果强调的主语是人,则可用who;如果强调的宾语是人,则可用宾格whom;如果强调时间状语,则可用when;如果强调地点状语,则可用where。定语从句一般不用It is开头,而且定语从句的关联词that在从句中担当句子成分。试比较以下两个句子:It is Professor Johnson who is to visit China Agricultural University next week.是约翰逊教授计划下周访问中国农业大学。(强调句型,who可以换成thatThis is Professor Joh